Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1039/9781788012683-00001
Shangting You, Kathleen L. Miller, Shaochen Chen
Microstereolithography is a light-assisted three-dimensional (3D) fabrication technology providing free-form fabrication capability with fine resolution and high speed. There is a wide range of material choice for this technology, including biomaterials such as hydrogels and proteins. It realizes 3D fabrication by spatially controlling light exposure so that the liquid state material solidifies at the predefined location and forms a solid structure as design. The prevailing polymerization mechanism is free-radical photopolymerization, which can be induced in a solution comprising the proper monomers and photoinitiators. Microstereolithography outstrips inkjet-based and extrusion-based micro 3D printing on fabrication resolution, fabrication speed, and structural integrity. While scanning-based microstereolithography is able to print a structure with a ∼100 nm resolution at a slow speed, projection-based microstereolithography offers a much faster fabrication speed (e.g., in seconds) at a microscale printing resolution.
{"title":"Chapter 1. Microstereolithography","authors":"Shangting You, Kathleen L. Miller, Shaochen Chen","doi":"10.1039/9781788012683-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788012683-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Microstereolithography is a light-assisted three-dimensional (3D) fabrication technology providing free-form fabrication capability with fine resolution and high speed. There is a wide range of material choice for this technology, including biomaterials such as hydrogels and proteins. It realizes 3D fabrication by spatially controlling light exposure so that the liquid state material solidifies at the predefined location and forms a solid structure as design. The prevailing polymerization mechanism is free-radical photopolymerization, which can be induced in a solution comprising the proper monomers and photoinitiators. Microstereolithography outstrips inkjet-based and extrusion-based micro 3D printing on fabrication resolution, fabrication speed, and structural integrity. While scanning-based microstereolithography is able to print a structure with a ∼100 nm resolution at a slow speed, projection-based microstereolithography offers a much faster fabrication speed (e.g., in seconds) at a microscale printing resolution.","PeriodicalId":433412,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science Series","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121695928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1039/9781788012683-00171
Seokyoung Bang, Seung Ryeol Lee, N. Jeon
In this chapter, we introduce a recapitulation of 3D brain tissue on a microfluidic platform. Reconstruction of specific features of the brain, rather than entire features, is a better strategy because of the complexity of the brain. Here, we would like to introduce two important features of the brain: the neural circuit and the blood–brain barrier. The structural and functional features of these were engineered in in vitro platforms. For the in vitro neural circuit, 3D axon bundle and synapse formation between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuron group were focused on. These features were recapitulated by injecting Matrigel into the microfluidic platform and then modifying the internal density pattern of the Matrigel using a micro-post array and hydrostatic pressure. For the in vitro blood–brain barrier, the low permeability of the vascular network could be obtained by mimicking many direct contacts between the vascular network and the astrocytes. These features were created by constructing a co-culture system capable of supplying different media both inside and outside the vascular network. Recapitulation of 3D brain tissue in these microfluidic platforms may lead to improvements in neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
{"title":"Chapter 8. 3D Tissue Modelling of the Central Nervous System","authors":"Seokyoung Bang, Seung Ryeol Lee, N. Jeon","doi":"10.1039/9781788012683-00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788012683-00171","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we introduce a recapitulation of 3D brain tissue on a microfluidic platform. Reconstruction of specific features of the brain, rather than entire features, is a better strategy because of the complexity of the brain. Here, we would like to introduce two important features of the brain: the neural circuit and the blood–brain barrier. The structural and functional features of these were engineered in in vitro platforms. For the in vitro neural circuit, 3D axon bundle and synapse formation between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuron group were focused on. These features were recapitulated by injecting Matrigel into the microfluidic platform and then modifying the internal density pattern of the Matrigel using a micro-post array and hydrostatic pressure. For the in vitro blood–brain barrier, the low permeability of the vascular network could be obtained by mimicking many direct contacts between the vascular network and the astrocytes. These features were created by constructing a co-culture system capable of supplying different media both inside and outside the vascular network. Recapitulation of 3D brain tissue in these microfluidic platforms may lead to improvements in neuroscience and neuropharmacology.","PeriodicalId":433412,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science Series","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128410566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1039/9781788012683-00253
Mary C. Regier, K. Stevens
The liver is the largest visceral organ in the human body, performing many hundreds of functions that are critical for life. It is the site of metabolic processes, nutrient synthesis and storage, regulatory activities, and pathogen and xenobiotic defense processes. Models that recapitulate liver physiology are essential for predicting drug metabolism and toxicity as well as for understanding and treating diverse forms for disease. This chapter covers the utility and shortcomings of in vivo and in vitro liver models, with a focus on 3D models that mimic aspects of liver structure.
{"title":"Chapter 12. 3D Modeling of Hepatic Tissue","authors":"Mary C. Regier, K. Stevens","doi":"10.1039/9781788012683-00253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788012683-00253","url":null,"abstract":"The liver is the largest visceral organ in the human body, performing many hundreds of functions that are critical for life. It is the site of metabolic processes, nutrient synthesis and storage, regulatory activities, and pathogen and xenobiotic defense processes. Models that recapitulate liver physiology are essential for predicting drug metabolism and toxicity as well as for understanding and treating diverse forms for disease. This chapter covers the utility and shortcomings of in vivo and in vitro liver models, with a focus on 3D models that mimic aspects of liver structure.","PeriodicalId":433412,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science Series","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116629725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1039/9781788012683-00279
D. Huh
The lung is an essential organ that shows remarkable complexity in its structure, environment, and function. Mimicking this dynamic and complex organ in experimental model systems remains a major challenge in biomedical research. Here we review recent research efforts directed towards leveraging microfluidic cell culture techniques to develop microengineered in vitro models of the respiratory system. This chapter will begin by introducing early studies demonstrating the feasibility of modeling the dynamic environment and complex physiological function of the human lung in microengineered cell culture devices. We will then provide recent examples of advanced lung-on-a-chip systems designed to recapitulate various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the respiratory system. Finally, opportunities and challenges for lung-on-a-chip technology will be discussed.
{"title":"Chapter 13. Microphysiological Models of the Respiratory System","authors":"D. Huh","doi":"10.1039/9781788012683-00279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788012683-00279","url":null,"abstract":"The lung is an essential organ that shows remarkable complexity in its structure, environment, and function. Mimicking this dynamic and complex organ in experimental model systems remains a major challenge in biomedical research. Here we review recent research efforts directed towards leveraging microfluidic cell culture techniques to develop microengineered in vitro models of the respiratory system. This chapter will begin by introducing early studies demonstrating the feasibility of modeling the dynamic environment and complex physiological function of the human lung in microengineered cell culture devices. We will then provide recent examples of advanced lung-on-a-chip systems designed to recapitulate various physiological and pathophysiological processes in the respiratory system. Finally, opportunities and challenges for lung-on-a-chip technology will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":433412,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science Series","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126825705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-05-01DOI: 10.2478/9783110623925-001
Jamie Myers, S. Cavill, S. Musyoki, K. Pasteur, L. Stevens
{"title":"Chapter 1. Introduction","authors":"Jamie Myers, S. Cavill, S. Musyoki, K. Pasteur, L. Stevens","doi":"10.2478/9783110623925-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/9783110623925-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433412,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science Series","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133980578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Injectable Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/9781839163975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839163975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":433412,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science Series","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122818012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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