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Appeal of novel cessation intervention approaches among young-adult users of traditional and alternative tobacco products. 新颖的戒烟干预方法在传统和替代烟草产品的年轻成人用户中的吸引力。
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-10-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211041123
Carla J Berg, Katelyn F Romm, Brooke Patterson, Christina Wysota, Lorien C Abroms

Significance: Given limited research on young-adult tobacco cessation interventions, we examined preferred tobacco/e-cigarette cessation approaches among young-adult tobacco/e-cigarette users.

Methods: We analyzed Spring 2020 data from a longitudinal study of young adults (ages 18-34) across 6 metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego, and Seattle). We examined tobacco/e-cigarette use and self-reported appeal of various intervention approaches, and regarding technology-based approaches, the appeal of types of technology and intervention functions.

Results: In this sample of past 6-month tobacco/e-cigarette users (Mage = 24.69; 48.4% male; 73.3% White), 59.6% used e-cigarettes, and 48.2% used cigarettes. The most frequently endorsed intervention approach was nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; 72.7%), followed by technology-based programs (70.0%) and oral medications (53.0%). The most frequently endorsed technology-based approach was smartphone apps (85.9%), followed by programs involving text-messaging (62.1%), websites (57.1%), social media (48.4%), and video counseling (41.6%). The most frequently endorsed technology-based program function was behavioral monitoring (68.3%), followed by earning rewards (60.3%). We identified no differences in approach appeal among subcategories of tobacco/e-cigarette users.

Conclusions: Findings underscore the promise of technology-based approaches, particularly apps, and text-messaging for tobacco/e-cigarette cessation, and functions like behavioral monitoring and gamification. Additionally, appropriate and effective NRT use for young-adult tobacco/e-cigarette users warrants further research.

意义:鉴于对青少年戒烟干预措施的研究有限,我们研究了青少年烟草/电子烟使用者的首选烟草/电子烟戒烟方法。方法:我们分析了来自6个大都市地区(亚特兰大、波士顿、明尼阿波利斯、俄克拉荷马城、圣地亚哥和西雅图)的年轻人(18-34岁)的纵向研究的2020年春季数据。我们研究了烟草/电子烟的使用和自我报告的各种干预方法的吸引力,以及关于基于技术的方法,技术类型和干预功能的吸引力。结果:在过去6个月的烟草/电子烟使用者样本中(Mage = 24.69;男性48.4%;73.3%白人),59.6%使用电子烟,48.2%使用香烟。最常被认可的干预方法是尼古丁替代疗法(NRT;72.7%),其次是基于技术的方案(70.0%)和口服药物(53.0%)。最常被认可的基于技术的方法是智能手机应用程序(85.9%),其次是短信(62.1%)、网站(57.1%)、社交媒体(48.4%)和视频咨询(41.6%)。最常被认可的基于技术的程序功能是行为监控(68.3%),其次是获得奖励(60.3%)。我们发现烟草/电子烟用户亚类别之间的方法吸引力没有差异。结论:研究结果强调了基于技术的方法的前景,特别是应用程序和用于戒烟的短信,以及行为监控和游戏化等功能。此外,青少年烟草/电子烟使用者适当和有效地使用NRT值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 1
Dripping Technology Use Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users. 青少年电子烟使用者使用滴水技术的情况。
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-07-31 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211035448
Zachary B Massey, Laurel O Brockenberry, Tori E Murray, Paul T Harrell

Background: Young adults are increasingly using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The standard ENDS device involves an electric coil that heats a wick to vaporize an e-liquid solution. "Dripping" is another method that involves applying e-liquid directly to the coil. Dripping increases risk of harmful toxic compounds in vapor aerosols. Despite evidence of high levels of dripping among adolescents, young adult prevalence is unknown.

Methods: Young adults aged 18 to 24 completed an online survey assessing vaping and dripping status, type of devices used, tobacco use, and vaping expectancies. Among ever-vapers, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models assessed whether demographics predicted dripping and use of dripping devices. Multivariate Analysis of Variance compared never- and ever-drippers on expectancies for vaping outcomes.

Results: Over 2 in 5 young adult ever-vapers (43.7%) reported dripping. A multivariate regression model found that male gender (AOR = 1.83), identifying as White (AOR = 2.37), and use of other tobacco products (hookah; AOR = 1.91; cigars; AOR = 2.26; cigarettes; AOR = 2.51) were associated with dripping. E-cigarette users who reported lifetime dripping were more likely to consider vaping stimulating, socially facilitating, and flavorful. They ascribed lower health risks to vaping and felt it could reduce negative affect, weight gain, nicotine cravings, and boredom (all P < .05).

Conclusion: Dripping was a highly prevalent behavior among this sample of young adults, particularly among White males. These findings point to the importance of gaining a greater understanding of the drivers and consequences of vaping and dripping behavior.

背景:年轻人越来越多地使用电子尼古丁输送系统(ENDS)。标准的电子尼古丁输送系统装置包括一个电线圈,通过加热灯芯来蒸发电子液体溶液。"滴注 "是另一种将电子液体直接滴入线圈的方法。滴液会增加蒸汽气溶胶中有害有毒化合物的风险。尽管有证据表明青少年中滴入电子烟的比例很高,但年轻成年人中滴入电子烟的比例尚不清楚:方法:18 至 24 岁的年轻人完成了一项在线调查,评估吸食和滴注情况、使用的设备类型、烟草使用情况以及对吸食的预期。在曾经吸食过烟草的人中,单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型评估了人口统计学特征是否能预测滴吸情况和滴吸设备的使用情况。多变量方差分析比较了从不滴吸者和曾经滴吸者对吸食结果的预期:结果:超过五分之二的年轻成年人(43.7%)曾经吸食过烟草,并报告说他们吸食过烟草。多变量回归模型发现,男性(AOR = 1.83)、白人(AOR = 2.37)和使用其他烟草产品(水烟;AOR = 1.91;雪茄;AOR = 2.26;香烟;AOR = 2.51)与滴烟有关。报告终生滴吸的电子烟使用者更有可能认为吸食电子烟具有刺激性、社交便利性和风味性。他们认为电子烟的健康风险较低,并认为电子烟可以减少负面情绪、体重增加、尼古丁渴望和无聊感(均为 P 结论):在这一年轻成年人样本中,滴吸是一种非常普遍的行为,尤其是在白人男性中。这些发现表明,进一步了解吸烟和滴烟行为的驱动因素和后果非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Translation and Examination of the Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire Among Latino Smokers. 西班牙语版拉丁裔吸烟者吸烟自我效能问卷的翻译及信效度检验。
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-07-29 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211035366
Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Scott McIntosh, Lisa Sanderson Cox, Evelyn Arana-Chicas, Delwyn Catley, Edward F Ellerbeck, Deborah J Ossip, Ana Paula Cupertino

The 12-item Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12) is a valid and reliable instrument to assess confidence in one's ability to refrain from smoking in a variety of different situations. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 12-item Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-12) among a sample of Spanish-speaking Latino smokers engaged in a smoking cessation research study. A forward-backward translation procedure guided the translation of the SEQ-12 into Spanish. The Spanish version of the SEQ-12 showed promising internal consistency reliability and construct validity among Latino smokers, with potential applications in both research and clinical settings.

12项吸烟自我效能问卷(SEQ-12)是一种有效可靠的工具,用于评估人们在各种不同情况下对自己戒烟能力的信心。本研究评估了西班牙语版的12项吸烟自我效能问卷(SEQ-12)在西班牙语拉丁裔吸烟者中参与戒烟研究的心理测量特性。一个向前向后的翻译程序指导SEQ-12翻译成西班牙语。西班牙语版SEQ-12在拉丁裔吸烟者中显示出良好的内部一致性、信度和结构效度,在研究和临床环境中都有潜在的应用。
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引用次数: 2
Electronic Cigarette Cessation in Youth and Young Adults: A Case Series. 青少年电子烟戒烟:病例系列。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2021-06-17 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211026676
Gautam Sikka, MopeninuJesu Oluyinka, Raiza Schreiber, Panagis Galiatsatos

Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage use has increased exponentially, especially in youth and young adults. For many, the usage of these products results in a severe addiction, one that is difficult to discontinue. Further, e-cigarette cessation is challenging as there are no specific guidelines directing such medical management for patients and their respective clinicians. Here, we report a case series of patients who we are attempting to wean from e-cigarettes with medical guidance.

Methods: Six patients who self-reported daily e-cigarette usage and were enrolled in our Tobacco Treatment Clinic (TTC) were followed for 12-months. An inventory of the e-cigarette product and usage was captured, along with responses to identify when the patients experienced majority of their cravings. Co-morbidities, if present, were documented. Documentation of interventions, counseling with or without pharmacological therapies, were captured. Primary outcome was cessation at 6-months.

Results: The 6 patients enrolled in clinic ranged in age from 17 to 31 years, with 4 of the patients identifying as males and 2 as females. Patients were using e-cigarettes for 1 to 6 years prior to enrolling into the TTC. As for interventions, all patients received counseling and pharmacological interventions in the form of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). Three of the 6 patients were weaned off e-cigarettes by 6-months, with a fourth patient weaned off at the 8-month mark. Variables identified as barriers to cessation included non-compliance with medical regimen and peer influence.

Discussion: Here we present a case series of attempting to wean persons from electronic cigarettes use. Given the lack of international guidelines in e-cigarette addiction management, we believe this case series will be of value for clinicians and their patients. Further studies are warranted to help patients with e-cigarette addiction in their attempt at cessation.

导言:电子烟的使用呈指数级增长,尤其是在青少年和年轻成年人中。对许多人来说,使用这些产品会导致严重成瘾,很难戒掉。此外,戒除电子烟也具有挑战性,因为目前还没有具体的指南指导患者及其相关临床医生进行此类医疗管理。在此,我们报告了一个病例系列,我们正尝试在医疗指导下让患者戒掉电子烟:方法:我们对六名自我报告每天使用电子烟并在烟草治疗诊所(TTC)登记的患者进行了为期 12 个月的随访。我们收集了电子烟产品和使用情况的清单,同时还收集了患者的回答,以确定他们何时会产生大部分烟瘾。如果存在并发症,则记录在案。此外,还记录了干预措施、有或无药物疗法的咨询。主要结果为 6 个月后戒烟:诊所收治的 6 名患者年龄从 17 岁到 31 岁不等,其中 4 人为男性,2 人为女性。在加入 TTC 之前,患者使用电子烟的时间为 1 到 6 年。在干预措施方面,所有患者都接受了尼古丁替代疗法(NRTs)形式的咨询和药物干预。6 名患者中有 3 人在 6 个月时戒掉了电子烟,第四名患者在 8 个月时戒掉了电子烟。被确定为戒烟障碍的因素包括不遵守医嘱和同伴影响:讨论:我们在此介绍了一个尝试戒除电子烟的系列病例。鉴于缺乏电子烟成瘾管理方面的国际指南,我们相信本系列病例对临床医生及其患者有一定的价值。有必要开展进一步的研究,以帮助电子烟成瘾患者尝试戒烟。
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引用次数: 0
An Evaluation of the Knowledge and Perceptions of Pharmacy Staff and Pre-Registration Students of E-Cigarettes Use: A Systematic Review. 评估药房工作人员和注册前学生对电子烟使用的了解和看法:系统回顾。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2021-06-14 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211016867
Ravina Barrett, Hajar Aldamkhi

Introduction: Pharmacy staff are a trusted source of advice on the safe and appropriate use of medicines and devices. Retail pharmacies deliver smoking cessation services and sell e-cigarettes in the UK. This review asks 'what knowledge, experience and ability do staff have to support e-cigarette users to quit smoking'.

Methods: A systematic literature search was undertaken drawn on predefined eligibility criteria and a comprehensive search strategy following the PRISMA guideline. Eligible papers reported survey-research published in English from 2015 to 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID, EMBASE and MEDLINE Databases were searched. No restrictions on study design or language were applied. Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion/exclusion and then extracted the relevant information from the articles for synthesis.

Results: Of 12 potentially eligible full-text studies, 1 was a duplicate, 7 were excluded as per eligibility criteria. Four papers were finally included in this literature review. Two studies indicated that pharmacy staff are less confident in giving advice on e-cigarette use. Knowledge on the adverse effects of e-cigarettes compared to traditional smoking cessation aids remain unclear. In one study, 42% of community pharmacists did not believe that e-cigarettes could be used for smoking cessation. Three studies identified need for specific regulations and professional support. The overall certainty of the evidence is 'low' or 'very low', with moderate levels of bias.

Conclusion: Pharmacists may be well placed to implement e-cigarette smoking cessation interventions, but most practitioners lacked knowledge and ability to support these customers citing unclear risk of harm. Pharmacists felt secure in recommending traditional cessation tools. Further regulation, guidelines and training is needed. Findings may be less generalizable in countries where e-cigarettes are banned. Their extent of knowledge, experience and ability to support users of e-cigarettes within their community to quit smoking is lacking.

简介:药房员工是安全、合理使用药品和器械的可靠建议来源。在英国,零售药店提供戒烟服务并销售电子烟。本综述的问题是 "员工具备哪些知识、经验和能力来支持电子烟用户戒烟":方法:按照 PRISMA 指南,根据预先确定的资格标准和综合搜索策略进行了系统的文献检索。符合条件的论文报告了 2015 年至 2020 年期间用英语发表的调查研究。检索了 PubMed、Google Scholar、OVID、EMBASE 和 MEDLINE 数据库。对研究设计或语言没有限制。两名审稿人独立筛选纳入/排除文章,然后从文章中提取相关信息进行综合:在 12 篇可能符合条件的全文研究中,有 1 篇重复,7 篇按照资格标准被排除。最终有 4 篇论文被纳入本次文献综述。两项研究表明,药剂师在提供电子烟使用建议时信心不足。与传统戒烟辅助工具相比,人们对电子烟的不良影响仍不清楚。在一项研究中,42% 的社区药剂师不相信电子烟可用于戒烟。三项研究指出,需要制定具体的法规并提供专业支持。证据的总体确定性为 "低 "或 "极低",存在中度偏差:结论:药剂师可能非常适合实施电子烟戒烟干预措施,但大多数从业人员缺乏支持这些顾客的知识和能力,理由是危害风险不明确。药剂师对推荐传统戒烟工具感到放心。需要进一步的监管、指导和培训。在禁止使用电子烟的国家,研究结果的普遍性可能较低。他们在支持社区内的电子烟使用者戒烟方面的知识、经验和能力还很欠缺。
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Knowledge and Perceptions of Pharmacy Staff and Pre-Registration Students of E-Cigarettes Use: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ravina Barrett, Hajar Aldamkhi","doi":"10.1177/1179173X211016867","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X211016867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pharmacy staff are a trusted source of advice on the safe and appropriate use of medicines and devices. Retail pharmacies deliver smoking cessation services and sell e-cigarettes in the UK. This review asks 'what knowledge, experience and ability do staff have to support e-cigarette users to quit smoking'.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was undertaken drawn on predefined eligibility criteria and a comprehensive search strategy following the PRISMA guideline. Eligible papers reported survey-research published in English from 2015 to 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID, EMBASE and MEDLINE Databases were searched. No restrictions on study design or language were applied. Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion/exclusion and then extracted the relevant information from the articles for synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 12 potentially eligible full-text studies, 1 was a duplicate, 7 were excluded as per eligibility criteria. Four papers were finally included in this literature review. Two studies indicated that pharmacy staff are less confident in giving advice on e-cigarette use. Knowledge on the adverse effects of e-cigarettes compared to traditional smoking cessation aids remain unclear. In one study, 42% of community pharmacists did not believe that e-cigarettes could be used for smoking cessation. Three studies identified need for specific regulations and professional support. The overall certainty of the evidence is 'low' or 'very low', with moderate levels of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists may be well placed to implement e-cigarette smoking cessation interventions, but most practitioners lacked knowledge and ability to support these customers citing unclear risk of harm. Pharmacists felt secure in recommending traditional cessation tools. Further regulation, guidelines and training is needed. Findings may be less generalizable in countries where e-cigarettes are banned. Their extent of knowledge, experience and ability to support users of e-cigarettes within their community to quit smoking is lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8209790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39053128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Smoking Behavior among Physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. 了解沙特阿拉伯利雅得医生吸烟行为:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-03-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211006652
Abeer S Al Shahrani, Najd R Almudaiheem, Esraa M Bakhsh, Nora T Sarhan, Fay S Aldossari, Budur A Bin Huzeim

Background: The prevalence of smoking has increased in recent years in Saudi Arabia. Our objectives were to determine the factors affecting smoking among physicians and to assess physicians' quitting behavior.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at 3 district hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It involved physicians with different levels of experience and different specialties. They were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire adapted from validated tools. The questionnaire addressed sociodemographic data, lifestyle, and work-related factors as well as smoking cessation and relapse. SPSS statistical software was used for the statistical analysis.

Results: The study included 290 physicians, of whom 91% were Saudi and 59.7% were male. About 55.2% were younger than age of 30. Overall, 34.8% were smokers. The following factors had a significant association with smoking: a smoking family member/friend, resident occupational status, medical specialty, and frequent on-call duties increased the likelihood of smoking. One-third of the physicians (31.6%) who tried to quit smoking reported seeking information on social media, television, and/or the internet. The most common causes of relapse were social stress and withdrawal symptoms, while the least common was work-related stress.

Conclusions: Smoking was highly prevalent among physicians. The likelihood of smoking was higher in, residents, medical specialists and those with a high number of on-call duties. Moreover, this study described cessation practices in this group, which might be considered when designing and improving counseling programs for physicians who smoke.

背景:近年来,沙特阿拉伯的吸烟率有所上升。我们的目的是确定影响医生吸烟的因素,并评估医生的戒烟行为。方法:在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的3家地区医院进行横断面研究。它涉及不同经验水平和不同专业的医生。他们被要求完成一份采用有效工具的自我管理问卷。调查问卷涉及社会人口统计数据、生活方式、工作相关因素以及戒烟和复吸。采用SPSS统计软件进行统计分析。结果:该研究包括290名医生,其中91%为沙特人,59.7%为男性。年龄小于30岁的占55.2%。总体而言,34.8%的人吸烟。以下因素与吸烟有显著关联:吸烟的家庭成员/朋友、居民职业状况、医学专业和频繁随叫随到的工作增加了吸烟的可能性。试图戒烟的医生中有三分之一(31.6%)报告在社交媒体、电视和/或互联网上寻求信息。最常见的复发原因是社会压力和戒断症状,而最不常见的是工作压力。结论:吸烟在医生中非常普遍。住院医师、医学专家和那些有大量随叫随到职责的人吸烟的可能性更高。此外,这项研究描述了这一群体的戒烟实践,在为吸烟的医生设计和改进咨询项目时可能会考虑到这一点。
{"title":"Understanding Smoking Behavior among Physicians in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Abeer S Al Shahrani,&nbsp;Najd R Almudaiheem,&nbsp;Esraa M Bakhsh,&nbsp;Nora T Sarhan,&nbsp;Fay S Aldossari,&nbsp;Budur A Bin Huzeim","doi":"10.1177/1179173X211006652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X211006652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of smoking has increased in recent years in Saudi Arabia. Our objectives were to determine the factors affecting smoking among physicians and to assess physicians' quitting behavior.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out at 3 district hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It involved physicians with different levels of experience and different specialties. They were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire adapted from validated tools. The questionnaire addressed sociodemographic data, lifestyle, and work-related factors as well as smoking cessation and relapse. SPSS statistical software was used for the statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 290 physicians, of whom 91% were Saudi and 59.7% were male. About 55.2% were younger than age of 30. Overall, 34.8% were smokers. The following factors had a significant association with smoking: a smoking family member/friend, resident occupational status, medical specialty, and frequent on-call duties increased the likelihood of smoking. One-third of the physicians (31.6%) who tried to quit smoking reported seeking information on social media, television, and/or the internet. The most common causes of relapse were social stress and withdrawal symptoms, while the least common was work-related stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Smoking was highly prevalent among physicians. The likelihood of smoking was higher in, residents, medical specialists and those with a high number of on-call duties. Moreover, this study described cessation practices in this group, which might be considered when designing and improving counseling programs for physicians who smoke.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179173X211006652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25601459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Harm Perceptions of Tobacco/Nicotine Products and Child Exposure: Differences between Non-Users, Cigarette-Exclusive, and Electronic Cigarette-Exclusive Users. 烟草/尼古丁产品的危害认知和儿童接触:非使用者、纯香烟使用者和纯电子香烟使用者之间的差异
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-03-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X21998362
Alayna P Tackett, Samantha W Wallace, Caitlin E Smith, Elise Turner, David A Fedele, Irina Stepanov, William V Lechner, Jessica J Hale, Theodore L Wagener

Objective: This study examined caregiver perception of harm and child secondhand exposure to nicotine in a sample of e-cigarette-exclusive, cigarette-exclusive, and non-tobacco/nicotine users (non-users).

Methods: Cigarette-exclusive (n = 19), e-cigarette-exclusive (n = 12), and non-users (n = 20) and their children (N = 51, Mage  = 10.47) completed self-report questionnaires about perceptions of harm, child secondhand exposure, and provided urine to assess child nicotine exposure (cotinine). ANOVAs examined differences between caregiver use status on tobacco harm perceptions and child cotinine levels. Independent samples t-test compared differences in caregiver-reported child secondhand exposure in the home and car.

Results: All 3 caregiver groups rated cigarettes as highly harmful (P = .14), but e-cigarette users rated all 3 types of e-cigarette products (Cartridge-based: P < .001; Tank: P < .001; Box Mod: P < .001) as less harmful than cigarette users and non-users. Caregivers from the e-cigarette user group reported greater child secondhand exposure than caregivers using cigarettes (past 7-day in-home exposure (P = .03); past 7-day exposure in-home + in-car exposure (P = .02); in-home exposure by caregivers and other people exposure (P = .02)). Children from the cigarette user group had significantly higher levels of cotinine (M = 16.6, SD = 21.7) compared to children from the Non-User group (M = .43, SD = .95; P = .001), but no significant difference when compared to children from the E-Cigarette User group (M = 6.5, SD = 13.5).

Discussion: In this sample, caregivers who used e-cigarettes perceived them as less harmful, reported using them more frequently at home and in the car, even when their children were present, compared to cigarette users. As a result, children appear to be exposed to nicotine at levels similar to children living with cigarette users. Future caregiver prevention and intervention efforts should target education around the potential harms of secondhand e-cigarette aerosol to children.

目的:本研究在电子烟、卷烟和非烟草/尼古丁使用者(非使用者)的样本中调查了照顾者对危害的感知和儿童对尼古丁的二手暴露。方法:不吸卷烟(n = 19)、不吸电子烟(n = 12)和不吸电子烟(n = 20)及其子女(n = 51, Mage = 10.47)完成危害认知、儿童二手暴露的自我报告问卷,并提供尿液评估儿童尼古丁暴露(可替宁)。方差分析分析了照顾者使用状况对烟草危害认知和儿童可替宁水平之间的差异。独立样本t检验比较了照顾者报告的儿童在家中和汽车中二手暴露的差异。结果:所有3个护理人员组都将香烟评为高度有害(P = .14),但电子烟使用者对所有3种电子烟产品都进行了评级(基于烟筒的:P P P P = .03);过去7天暴露于室内+车内(P = .02);护理人员在家暴露和其他人暴露(P = .02))。吸烟组儿童的可替宁水平明显高于非吸烟组儿童(M = 16.6, SD = 21.7)。43, sd = .95;P = .001),但与电子烟用户组的儿童相比无显著差异(M = 6.5, SD = 13.5)。讨论:在这个样本中,与卷烟使用者相比,使用电子烟的护理人员认为电子烟的危害较小,他们报告说,即使在孩子在场的情况下,在家和车里使用电子烟的频率也更高。因此,儿童暴露于尼古丁的水平似乎与与吸烟者生活在一起的儿童相似。未来的护理人员预防和干预工作应针对二手电子烟气雾剂对儿童的潜在危害进行教育。
{"title":"Harm Perceptions of Tobacco/Nicotine Products and Child Exposure: Differences between Non-Users, Cigarette-Exclusive, and Electronic Cigarette-Exclusive Users.","authors":"Alayna P Tackett,&nbsp;Samantha W Wallace,&nbsp;Caitlin E Smith,&nbsp;Elise Turner,&nbsp;David A Fedele,&nbsp;Irina Stepanov,&nbsp;William V Lechner,&nbsp;Jessica J Hale,&nbsp;Theodore L Wagener","doi":"10.1177/1179173X21998362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X21998362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined caregiver perception of harm and child secondhand exposure to nicotine in a sample of e-cigarette-exclusive, cigarette-exclusive, and non-tobacco/nicotine users (non-users).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cigarette-exclusive (n = 19), e-cigarette-exclusive (n = 12), and non-users (n = 20) and their children (N = 51, <i>M<sub>age</sub></i>  = 10.47) completed self-report questionnaires about perceptions of harm, child secondhand exposure, and provided urine to assess child nicotine exposure (cotinine). ANOVAs examined differences between caregiver use status on tobacco harm perceptions and child cotinine levels. Independent samples <i>t</i>-test compared differences in caregiver-reported child secondhand exposure in the home and car.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 3 caregiver groups rated cigarettes as highly harmful (<i>P</i> = .14), but e-cigarette users rated all 3 types of e-cigarette products (Cartridge-based: <i>P</i> < .001; Tank: <i>P</i> < .001; Box Mod: <i>P</i> < .001) as less harmful than cigarette users and non-users. Caregivers from the e-cigarette user group reported greater child secondhand exposure than caregivers using cigarettes (past 7-day in-home exposure (<i>P</i> = .03); past 7-day exposure in-home + in-car exposure (<i>P</i> = .02); in-home exposure by caregivers and other people exposure (<i>P</i> = .02)). Children from the cigarette user group had significantly higher levels of cotinine (<i>M</i> = 16.6, SD = 21.7) compared to children from the Non-User group (<i>M</i> = .43, SD = .95; <i>P</i> = .001), but no significant difference when compared to children from the E-Cigarette User group (<i>M</i> = 6.5, SD = 13.5).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this sample, caregivers who used e-cigarettes perceived them as less harmful, reported using them more frequently at home and in the car, even when their children were present, compared to cigarette users. As a result, children appear to be exposed to nicotine at levels similar to children living with cigarette users. Future caregiver prevention and intervention efforts should target education around the potential harms of secondhand e-cigarette aerosol to children.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179173X21998362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25601457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Tobacco Use Status as a Function of Transgender Identity: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress. 烟草使用状况对跨性别认同的影响:心理困扰的中介作用。
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-03-30 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X211004267
Ahmad A Kittaneh, Sweta Patel, Natasha K Sidhu, William V Lechner, Deric R Kenne

Aim: The current study examined differences between individuals identifying as transgender and people identifying as cisgender in terms of (1) psychological distress (eg, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation), (2) rates of combustible and e-cigarette use, and (3) the potential for elevated psychological distress stemming from transgender identification to be associated with increased rates of smoking and vaping.

Method: This was a secondary analysis of data from a study examining behavioral health, perceptions and behaviors associated with alcohol and other drug use, and mental health status at a large mid-western university. Differences in current use of cigarette and e-cigarette products were examined between self-identified transgender (n = 253) and cisgender (n = 18 371) respondents.

Results: Overall, 17.2% (n = 2727) of the sample endorsed past 30-day use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Results demonstrated a significant effect of gender identity, with individuals identifying as transgender reporting higher odds of using cigarettes or e-cigarettes (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.26-6.31). Regression analyses revealed significant effects of transgender identity on symptoms of anxiety (b = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.64, 5.25, P < .001.); depression, (b = 4.14, 95% CI = 2.21, 6.07, P < .001); and suicidal ideation, (b = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.55, P < .001.), respectively. Finally, we observed significant indirect effects of transgender identity on cigarette and e-cigarette product use via increased symptoms of depression (indirect effect = 0.13, 95% CI [0.07, 0.19], P < .05), and suicidal ideation (indirect effect = 0.22, 95% CI [0.15, 0.28], P < .05), but not symptoms of anxiety.

Discussion: This is the first study of our knowledge to examine the association between psychological symptoms and smoking and vaping products with transgender identity. The results of this study support previous findings that transgender individuals are at risk for elevated substance use and extend the literature by demonstrating this this risk is associated with elevated psychological distress.

目的:目前的研究调查了跨性别者和易性者在以下方面的差异:(1)心理困扰(如焦虑、抑郁和自杀意念),(2)可燃和电子烟的使用率,以及(3)因跨性别认同而导致的心理困扰升高的可能性与吸烟和吸电子烟的比例增加有关。方法:这是对一项研究数据的二次分析,该研究调查了中西部一所大型大学的行为健康、与酒精和其他药物使用相关的认知和行为,以及心理健康状况。研究了自我认定为跨性别者(n = 253)和顺性别者(n = 18371)受访者目前使用香烟和电子烟产品的差异。结果:总体而言,17.2% (n = 2727)的样本认可过去30天使用香烟或电子烟。结果显示性别认同的显著影响,变性人报告使用香烟或电子烟的几率更高(AOR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.26-6.31)。回归分析显示跨性别认同对焦虑症状有显著影响(b = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.64, 5.25, P b = 4.14, 95% CI = 2.21, 6.07, P b = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.55, P P P P)讨论:这是我们所知的第一个关于心理症状与吸烟和电子烟产品与跨性别认同之间关系的研究。这项研究的结果支持了先前的发现,即跨性别者有更高的物质使用风险,并通过证明这种风险与更高的心理困扰有关来扩展文献。
{"title":"Tobacco Use Status as a Function of Transgender Identity: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress.","authors":"Ahmad A Kittaneh,&nbsp;Sweta Patel,&nbsp;Natasha K Sidhu,&nbsp;William V Lechner,&nbsp;Deric R Kenne","doi":"10.1177/1179173X211004267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X211004267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study examined differences between individuals identifying as transgender and people identifying as cisgender in terms of (1) psychological distress (eg, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation), (2) rates of combustible and e-cigarette use, and (3) the potential for elevated psychological distress stemming from transgender identification to be associated with increased rates of smoking and vaping.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a secondary analysis of data from a study examining behavioral health, perceptions and behaviors associated with alcohol and other drug use, and mental health status at a large mid-western university. Differences in current use of cigarette and e-cigarette products were examined between self-identified transgender (n = 253) and cisgender (n = 18 371) respondents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 17.2% (n = 2727) of the sample endorsed past 30-day use of cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Results demonstrated a significant effect of gender identity, with individuals identifying as transgender reporting higher odds of using cigarettes or e-cigarettes (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.26-6.31). Regression analyses revealed significant effects of transgender identity on symptoms of anxiety (<i>b</i> = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.64, 5.25, <i>P</i> < .001.); depression, (<i>b</i> = 4.14, 95% CI = 2.21, 6.07, <i>P</i> < .001); and suicidal ideation, (<i>b</i> = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.55, <i>P</i> < .001.), respectively. Finally, we observed significant indirect effects of transgender identity on cigarette and e-cigarette product use via increased symptoms of depression (indirect effect = 0.13, 95% CI [0.07, 0.19], <i>P</i> < .05), and suicidal ideation (indirect effect = 0.22, 95% CI [0.15, 0.28], <i>P</i> < .05), but not symptoms of anxiety.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first study of our knowledge to examine the association between psychological symptoms and smoking and vaping products with transgender identity. The results of this study support previous findings that transgender individuals are at risk for elevated substance use and extend the literature by demonstrating this this risk is associated with elevated psychological distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179173X211004267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25601458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Smoking Enigma in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Tug of War between Predisposition and Possible Way Out. 2019冠状病毒病中的吸烟之谜:易感性和可能的出路之间的拉锯战。
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2021-03-03 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X20988674
Nadira Naznin Rakhi, Ritu Biswas

Background: The recent global inclination for smoking during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drawn attention to the impact of smoking on COVID-19. While smoking increases susceptibility to common respiratory pathogens including the closely related coronaviruses, COVID-19 causing Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) being a respiratory pathogen intrigues the possible association between smoking and viral pathogenicity.

Smoking and covid-19: The gender dependence of COVID-19 infection rates and a higher prevalence of smokers among males made the scientific world assume smoking to be a confounding variable in sex predisposition to COVID-19. Conversely, the controversial findings of discrepant morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 among smokers questioned the credibility of this hypothesis. More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19. Besides, interaction between spike protein and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) supports the nicotinic cholinergic system dysregulation hypothesis in COVID-19 pathophysiology leading to its therapeutic use. However, despite the contradictions in the direct impact of smoking, it surely acts as fomites for viral transmission.

Conclusion: Irrespective of the role nicotine in COVID-management, compassionate use of smoking against SARS-CoV-2 cannot be recommended until the therapeutic value gets proved and therapeutic form becomes available.

背景:在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,近期全球吸烟倾向引起了人们对吸烟对COVID-19的影响的关注。虽然吸烟增加了对常见呼吸道病原体(包括密切相关的冠状病毒)的易感性,但COVID-19引起的严重急性呼吸道冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)是一种呼吸道病原体,这引发了吸烟与病毒致病性之间可能存在的关联。吸烟与covid-19: covid-19感染率的性别依赖性和男性吸烟者的较高患病率使科学界认为吸烟是covid-19性别易感性的混淆变量。相反,吸烟者中COVID-19发病率和死亡率差异的有争议的发现质疑了这一假设的可信度。更重要的是,吸烟中的尼古丁被假设会下调白细胞介素-6 (IL-6), IL-6在COVID-19的严重程度中起作用,并干扰血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2), ACE2是SARS-CoV-2的受体,这使得科学家们进行了尼古丁贴片预防COVID-19的实验。此外,刺突蛋白与尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)之间的相互作用支持了COVID-19病理生理中尼古丁胆碱能系统失调假说,从而导致其治疗用途。然而,尽管吸烟的直接影响存在矛盾,但它肯定是病毒传播的媒介。结论:无论尼古丁在covid - 19管理中的作用如何,在治疗价值得到证实和治疗形式出现之前,不能推荐同情地使用吸烟来对抗SARS-CoV-2。
{"title":"Smoking Enigma in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Tug of War between Predisposition and Possible Way Out.","authors":"Nadira Naznin Rakhi, Ritu Biswas","doi":"10.1177/1179173X20988674","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X20988674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recent global inclination for smoking during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drawn attention to the impact of smoking on COVID-19. While smoking increases susceptibility to common respiratory pathogens including the closely related coronaviruses, COVID-19 causing Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) being a respiratory pathogen intrigues the possible association between smoking and viral pathogenicity.</p><p><strong>Smoking and covid-19: </strong>The gender dependence of COVID-19 infection rates and a higher prevalence of smokers among males made the scientific world assume smoking to be a confounding variable in sex predisposition to COVID-19. Conversely, the controversial findings of discrepant morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 among smokers questioned the credibility of this hypothesis. More importantly, nicotine in smoking has been hypothesized to downregulate Interleukin-6 (IL-6) which plays a role in COVID-19 severity and to interfere with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 led the scientists to experiment nicotine patch prophylactically against COVID-19. Besides, interaction between spike protein and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) supports the nicotinic cholinergic system dysregulation hypothesis in COVID-19 pathophysiology leading to its therapeutic use. However, despite the contradictions in the direct impact of smoking, it surely acts as fomites for viral transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Irrespective of the role nicotine in COVID-management, compassionate use of smoking against SARS-CoV-2 cannot be recommended until the therapeutic value gets proved and therapeutic form becomes available.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1179173X20988674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25493109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A 5-Factor Framework for Assessing Tobacco Use Disorder. 评估烟草使用障碍的 5 要素框架。
IF 2.1 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2021-02-26 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1179173X21998355
Matthew Bucklin

Cigarette use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Despite the well documented dangers of smoking, nearly 20% of adults report regular use of tobacco. A majority desire to discontinue but the long-term cessation success rate remains near 4%. One challenge to reducing the prevalence of tobacco use is an incomplete understanding of the individual correlates that reinforce continued use. Evidence from research on nicotine and tobacco suggests that Tobacco Use Disorder is a complex, and multifactorial condition. Personality traits, comorbidities, habits and lifestyle, genetics, socioeconomic status, and mental and physical health all contribute to the risk for dependence and to the likelihood of quitting. This perspective review provides an overview of some common factors that contribute to liability risk for Tobacco Use Disorder and a framework for assessing individual tobacco users. The framework includes 5 areas that research suggests contribute to continued tobacco use: nicotine addiction, psychological influences, behavioral dependencies, neurobiological factors, and social reinforcement. Nicotine addiction includes drug-seeking behavior and the role of withdrawal avoidance. Psychological and emotional states contribute to a perceived reliance on tobacco. Behavioral dependence is reinforced by associative and non-associative learning mechanisms. Neurobiological factors include genetic variables, variations in neurotransmitters and receptors, pharmacogenetics, and interaction between psychiatric illnesses and nicotine use and dependence. Finally, social reinforcement of smoking behavior is explained by a network phenomenon and consistent visual cues to smoke. A comprehensive assessment of individual tobacco users will help better determine appropriate treatment options to achieve improved efficacy and outcomes.

在美国,吸烟是导致可预防死亡的主要原因。尽管吸烟的危害有据可查,但仍有近 20% 的成年人表示经常吸烟。大多数人都希望戒烟,但长期戒烟成功率仍接近 4%。降低烟草使用流行率所面临的一个挑战是,人们对强化持续吸烟的个体相关因素了解不全面。尼古丁和烟草研究的证据表明,烟草使用障碍是一种复杂的多因素疾病。人格特征、合并症、习惯和生活方式、遗传、社会经济地位以及身心健康都会导致依赖风险和戒烟可能性。本视角综述概述了导致烟草使用障碍责任风险的一些常见因素,以及评估个体烟草使用者的框架。该框架包括研究表明导致持续吸烟的 5 个方面:尼古丁成瘾、心理影响、行为依赖、神经生物学因素和社会强化。尼古丁成瘾包括寻求药物的行为和避免戒断的作用。心理和情绪状态有助于形成对烟草的依赖。行为依赖通过联想和非联想学习机制得到强化。神经生物学因素包括遗传变异、神经递质和受体的变化、药物遗传学以及精神疾病与尼古丁使用和依赖之间的相互作用。最后,吸烟行为的社会强化可通过网络现象和一致的吸烟视觉提示来解释。对烟草使用者进行综合评估将有助于更好地确定适当的治疗方案,从而提高疗效和结果。
{"title":"A 5-Factor Framework for Assessing Tobacco Use Disorder.","authors":"Matthew Bucklin","doi":"10.1177/1179173X21998355","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X21998355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cigarette use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Despite the well documented dangers of smoking, nearly 20% of adults report regular use of tobacco. A majority desire to discontinue but the long-term cessation success rate remains near 4%. One challenge to reducing the prevalence of tobacco use is an incomplete understanding of the individual correlates that reinforce continued use. Evidence from research on nicotine and tobacco suggests that Tobacco Use Disorder is a complex, and multifactorial condition. Personality traits, comorbidities, habits and lifestyle, genetics, socioeconomic status, and mental and physical health all contribute to the risk for dependence and to the likelihood of quitting. This perspective review provides an overview of some common factors that contribute to liability risk for Tobacco Use Disorder and a framework for assessing individual tobacco users. The framework includes 5 areas that research suggests contribute to continued tobacco use: nicotine addiction, psychological influences, behavioral dependencies, neurobiological factors, and social reinforcement. Nicotine addiction includes drug-seeking behavior and the role of withdrawal avoidance. Psychological and emotional states contribute to a perceived reliance on tobacco. Behavioral dependence is reinforced by associative and non-associative learning mechanisms. Neurobiological factors include genetic variables, variations in neurotransmitters and receptors, pharmacogenetics, and interaction between psychiatric illnesses and nicotine use and dependence. Finally, social reinforcement of smoking behavior is explained by a network phenomenon and consistent visual cues to smoke. A comprehensive assessment of individual tobacco users will help better determine appropriate treatment options to achieve improved efficacy and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/46/10.1177_1179173X21998355.PMC7922618.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25476081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Tobacco Use Insights
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