Tobacco Use Insights最新文献

Background: In India, tobacco use is a serious public health concern that affects many adults and teenagers. Tobacco sales to minors continue despite strict laws under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA). Strengthening enforcement and lowering teenage tobacco exposure need an understanding of tobacco sellers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding these restrictions.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate tobacco vendors knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around selling tobacco products to school-age children and teenagers in Jaipur, India.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among tobacco vendors in Jaipur, India.

Methods: A scheduled method was used to recruit 50 tobacco vendors in total. A systematic questionnaire created by the investigator was used to gather data, and a scoring system was used to evaluate KAP. SPSS version 29 was used to conduct statistical analyses, with significance set at P < 0.05. These analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test.

Results: While the attitude score was very high (19.76 ± 2.58), showing a favorable opinion of smoke control laws, the mean knowledge score was 6.64 ± 1.27, indicating modest awareness. But there was a discrepancy between awareness and actual compliance, as indicated by the practice score (14.76 ± 2.08). Age-related declines in knowledge scores (P = 0.26) and practice scores (P = 0.03) were significant. Weak correlations between KAP components were shown by correlation analysis, indicating that awareness and attitude had little impact on regulatory compliance.

Conclusion: Upholding children against tobacco exposure requires more education, behavioral treatments, community awareness campaigns, and more stringent enforcement of tobacco legislation.

Background: Although many epidemiological studies show an association of cigarette smoking with suicide the path to the latter is not well understood.

Objective: Using causal inference methodology with observational data, to examine if smoking leads indirectly to suicide through mental health hospitalization.

Design: The study used 11 waves of a cross-sectional national health survey that was linked with hospitalization and death registers.

Methods: The data came from Canadian Community Health Survey respondents (n = 723 665) between the years 2000 and 2014. These respondents agreed to link their data with hospitalization and death registers and were followed for an average of 9.18 (SD: 4.42; range: 3 to 17) years. Mediation models, one each for men and women, were created in which lifetime daily smoking was the exposure, mental health hospitalization was the mediator, and death by suicide was the outcome, adjusting for 11 covariates reported at survey participation.

Results: In both men and women, the direct effect of daily smoking was larger than the indirect effect through hospitalization for mental conditions. The direct effect of smoking was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.47-2.10) for men and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.90-3.57) for women. The indirect effect through mental health hospitalization was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.05-1.09) for men and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99-1.09) for women.

Conclusion: A relatively smaller proportion of the daily smoking-suicide association is transmitted indirectly through mental health hospitalizations compared to a direct effect. Suicide interventions focusing on people hospitalized for mental disorders may miss many suicidal people, so primary prevention and secondary prevention of smoking are crucial.

Background: Smoking places a significant burden on healthcare systems, necessitating effective tobacco control measures. Pictorial health warnings (PHW) and tax increases have demonstrated great efficacy, yet their impact on cessation treatments and unintended shifts toward electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) remains elusive. This study analyzes changes in public interest following these measures using online search volume for search terms regarding three categories: cessation, treatment, and ENDS.

Methods: An interrupted time series analysis was conducted. First, an online survey in Germany determined relevant tobacco control measures and search terms related to the three categories. Participants (n = 487) were ≥18 years old, with German as their first language. Second, the relative search volume (RSV) of Google for Germany regarding the identified search terms was analyzed around the enactment of the determined measures. This data is an anonymized aggregate of all Google users. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to estimate the change in RSV.

Results: The survey identified tax increases and PHW as the most relevant tobacco control measures among selectable options. The tax increase in 2022 elicited a greater shift in RSV than the implementation of PHW in 2016. Substantial peaks in RSV only occurred following the tax increase, with no significant anticipatory effects. After the tax increase, interest in cessation-related terms seemed to rise (week 1: smoke free 6.53% [95% CI -6.78%-19.84%], quit smoking 12.17% [95% CI -0.15%-24.49%]), alongside a significant rise in searches for ENDS (week 2-3: e-cigarette 9.15% [95% CI 1.12%-17.19%], e-waterpipe 18.7% [95% CI 6.43%-30.96%]).

Conclusion: A tobacco tax increase may lead to increased online interest in ENDS. Policymakers should concurrently educate the public about the harms associated with ENDS and promote evidence-based cessation aids. This may discourage both the initiation of ENDS and their use for smoking cessation while redirecting public interest toward medically recommended alternatives.

Objective: This study seeks to extensively examine the intentions of Vietnamese male smokers to quit, delving into key factors associated with their inclination toward smoking cessation to gain insights to inform and enhance tobacco control initiatives in the country. Methods: The data in this cross-sectional study was informed by the Vietnam Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) 2022-2023. A total of 35 974 male smokers aged 15 years and older from 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam were surveyed regarding their intentions to quit. Data on the participants' demographic characteristics, smoking habits, and smoking cessation attempts were collected and analyzed for their associations with quit intention using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 48.4% of current smokers expressed an intention to quit. Those residing in rural areas were less likely to report this intention (OR = 0.929, 95% CI = 0.862-1.000), while occasional smokers (OR = 1.672, 95% CI = 1.580-1.769) and individuals who delayed their first cigarette by more than 60 minutes after waking (OR = 1.710, 95% CI = 1.583-1.845) were more likely to express a desire to quit. Factors such as exposure to information on smoking hazards, health warnings on cigarette packages, and receiving advice from healthcare professionals also significantly increased quit intentions. In contrast, those who had not attempted to quit in the past 12 months were much less likely to express a desire to quit (OR = 0.125, 95% CI = 0.116-0.134). Conclusion: This study underscored the complex interplay of demographic, behavioral, and informational factors associated with the intention of Vietnamese male smokers to quit. These findings contribute to Vietnam's tobacco control efforts by guiding policymakers and public health authorities in refining smoking cessation programs, enhancing effectiveness of smoking interventions, ultimately reducing smoking prevalence and improving public health outcomes in Vietnam.

Introduction: Oral consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is associated with poor periodontal health and a range of oral diseases, some of which are malignant or potentially malignant. This research aims to ascertain whether a certain socio-demographic category of individuals with any type of oral syndrome has a higher likelihood of using and consuming smokeless tobacco in specific ways. Method: A tertiary dental institution in Dhaka conducted cross-sectional research on adult oral hygiene patients from April 2024 to September 2024. A semi-structured questionnaire was replied by 156 research participants. Purposive sampling was used to choose study participants who were at least 18 years old, SLT users, and had at least ten natural teeth. Results: There might not be any gender disparity in the SLT intake because this study was conducted at the outdoor department of a tertiary dental facility with patients from a range of socio-demographic backgrounds. All the socio-demographic variables, including age, gender, marital status, number of children, family size, and employment, found to be significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with consumption of SLT along with smoking. Living location and education were the only exceptions. However, the length of time a person has consumed smokeless tobacco is affected by his/her socio-demographic factors such as age, residence region, marital status, number of family members, and number of children substantially (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: A coordinated and collaborative initiatives aimed at reducing smokeless tobacco consumption and smoking is required to prevent dental health degradation, especially among the vulnerable groups (eg, women, the elderly, residents of rural areas).

This cross-sectional study explores associations between perceived discrimination and nicotine product use. Data were collected from participants of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a national sample of youth and young adults. The analytic sample included participants surveyed between October 2022 to February 2023, who provided information on ever and past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use, perceived discrimination via the Everyday Discrimination Scale, and covariates (N = 5953). Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to the data to explore associations between perceived discrimination and nicotine product use. Results demonstrated that higher levels of perceived discrimination were associated with greater odds of current e-cigarette use, current or former cigarette use, current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, former e-cigarette use, and former dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, relative to never users of cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which perceived discrimination might influence use of nicotine products - especially given that associations were also found between gender identity, race and ethnicity, perceived financial situation, household smoker status, and sensation seeking with nicotine product use.

Background: Unlike combustible cigarettes, vaping does not produce smoke, creating ambiguity around indoor vaping policies. Vaping policies in substance use disorder treatment facilities may directly impact how an individual engages with treatment.

Objective: To examine associated factors with vaping policies within substance use disorder treatment facilities in the United States.

Design: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Substance Use and Mental Health Services Survey to examine data from substance use disorder treatment facilities. Other data included the state percentage of adults who use e-cigarettes from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and state-level indoor e-cigarette restriction policies from the State Tobacco Activity Tracking and Evaluations System.

Methods: A total of N = 16 042 substance use disorder treatment facilities in 2022 were included. Factors that were examined include [a] state percentages of adults who vape, [b] state indoor vaping restrictions, [c] tobacco use screening in facilities, [d] smoking/tobacco education and counseling in facilities, [e] availability of nicotine pharmacotherapies in facilities, [f] facility smoking policies, [g] availability of outpatient or non-hospital residential treatment, and [h] availability of a treatment program specifically for adolescents or young adults. Facility vaping policies is the outcome variable in this study with three values: [a] vaping is restricted, [b] vaping in designated outdoor area(s), and [c] permissive vaping policies (anywhere outside, designated indoor areas, anywhere inside, anywhere without restriction).

Results: Vaping policies across all treatment facilities include 45.9% restricted vaping, 45.9% permitted vaping in designated outdoor area(s), and 8.2% had a permissive vaping policy. State-level percentage of adults who use e-cigarettes, state indoor e-cigarette restrictions, facility smoking policies, and services provided by facilities were associated with different vaping policies, ranging from restrictive to permissive policies.

Conclusions: Various vaping policies exist in substance use disorder treatment facilities. Different vaping policies may have varied impacts on individuals' treatment goals.

Objective: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of cancer morbidity and mortality; however, the smoking prevalence in Korea remains high. Several studies have shown that health behaviors vary by socioeconomic status, indicating that similar inequalities would be found in smoking behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the disparities in smoking cessation intention according to socioeconomic status. Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-VIII (2016-2021). We analyzed the answers of 4596 smokers who were asked "Do you have a plan to quit smoking within 6 months?" Regarding their socioeconomic status; education, income, and occupation level. We performed logistic regression and measured health inequality using the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII). Results: In this sample, the prevalence of having a plan to quit smoking was 30.5%, whereas 69.5% had no plan. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratio for intending to quit smoking within 6 months was higher among those living with a cohabitant compared to those living alone. Intention to quit did not differ significantly by income level; however, education level and occupation level were significantly associated with having a plan to quit smoking. To analyze the disparities, we observed the index SII and RII values. In the SII and RII values, which represent the absolute and relative inequalities, there was a significant difference in the level of education and occupation, but not in the level of income. Conclusion: There were inequalities in the intention to quit smoking plan depending on socioeconomic status, including education, household income, and occupational levels.

Introduction: Tobacco quitlines play a crucial role in cessation efforts; however, the proportion of quitline use among those who smoke remains low with less than 1% of U.S. adults utilizing quitline services in 2022. In 2020, the Illinois Department of Public Health and Illinois' Tobacco Quitline (ITQL) provider, the American Lung Association, developed a mass media campaign to drive call volume to the state's quitline (ITQL). Based on available data on quitline use and formative research learnings, campaign messages promoting urgency were tailored to the lived experiences of Illinois adults who smoke, with a focus on priority populations (i.e., males, individuals of lower socio-economic position, those with a history of a mental health diagnosis).

Methods: This study assessed whether self-reported ITQL media campaign awareness and online engagement are associated with commitment to quitting, intention to quit in the next 12 months, and intention to use ITQL. Three cross-sectional online surveys (n = 1122) were conducted during campaign media implementation with current Illinois residents aged 18-65 who self-reported smoking in the past 30 days and/or had at least one quit attempt in the past 12 months. A series of logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between campaign awareness/engagement and outcomes.

Results: The overall rate of campaign awareness and online engagement (55%) exceeded those reported by similar campaigns. In adjusted regression analyses, campaign awareness/engagement had a significant, positive influence on commitment to quitting (ß = 0.27), intentions to quit (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.064,2.134), and intentions to use ITQL (ß = 0.99) among adults in Illinois who smoke, including priority audiences.

Conclusion: While more research is needed on tailored mass media campaigns that promote the use of quitlines, this study provides evidence that tailored mass media campaigns are effective in changing quitting behavior and can be utilized in reaching priority populations.

Background: Existent research examining perceptions of nicotine addiction use largely surface level items that fail to address the complexity of nicotine addiction. Additional investigation is needed to better understand people's perceptions of nicotine addiction and whether these align with measures of nicotine dependence. Understanding these perceptions about nicotine addiction may help provide insight into vaping intentions and behavior. This study examines the validity of the Nicotine Addiction Perceptions (NAP) scale, a novel measure designed to assess perceptions of addictive vaping behavior that aligns with the clinical dimensions of tobacco use disorder.

Methods: Data were collected from U.S. adults via Prolific (n = 549). As part of scale development and validation a confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric evaluation was conducted. The NAP's reliability, convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity were established.

Results: A five-factor solution returned acceptable fit on all model indices (RMSEA = 0.050; CFI = 0.994; TLI = 0.993). The NAP was significantly related to assessments of perceived risk, 6 month quit intentions, the number of quit intentions over the past year, and past 30-day e-cigarette use (P's < .05). Findings also indicate support for discriminant validity.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that for most, perceptions of nicotine addiction may not fully align with the clinical criteria of addiction, which may be due to the lack of education surrounding the clinical definition. Future research examining perceptions of nicotine addiction can utilize the NAP scale to better understand people's understanding of addiction and its relationship to vaping-related behavior.