Tobacco Use Insights最新文献

Background: There has been an accelerated increase in vaping prevalence among adolescents worldwide, including in New Zealand. However, few studies have examined vaping among Asian adolescent populations in New Zealand. Objective: This study aimed to investigate vaping in New Zealand adolescents over time including sources of and reasons for vaping (data available for 2021 and 2022) according to ethnicity (Asian vs Non-Asian), gender (girl vs boy vs other) and Asian major subgroupings (Chinese vs Indian vs 'Other Asian'). Method: We analysed the annual ASH Year 10 Snapshot Surveys of 14 and 15 year old school-children from 2014 to 2022. We used a two-sample t-test to detect the differences between two point periods and a Chi-square test to detect associations between ethnicity and sources or reasons for vaping. Binary logistic regression was used to assess vaping trends over time. Results: From 2014 to 2022, vaping prevalence increased significantly in all adolescents (two-sided P < 0.001) while smoking prevalence decreased. However, vaping prevalence among Asian adolescents was lower and had a slower rate of growth than Non-Asian adolescents. Among Asian major subgroupings, Indian adolescents showed the highest vaping prevalence (ever vaping = 21.1%, 95% CI 18.7 - 23.7 and current vaping = 6.2%, 95% CI 4.8 - 7.8) in 2022 and, in all ethnic groupings, vaping in girls overtook that of boys. For Asian adolescents, in 2022, the most common sources of vapes was social supply (70%, P = 0.190) and the most common reason for vaping was experimentation (60%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Asian adolescents in New Zealand exhibited vaping behaviours comparable to those of their Non-Asian counterparts, with some unique patterns within subpopulations, highlighting the need for more in-depth ethnic- and gender-specific research to further examine their vaping behaviours for appropriate interventions, policies and regulations.

Objective: This study assessed the association between various routes of tobacco use and hypertension while exploring the roles of confounders and effect modifiers among the adult rural people of Bangladesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a combination of open and closed-ended questionnaires. Data were collected from 496 adult rural patients during their doctor visits. All the data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 statistical software. Continuous variables were summarized as Means (M) and Standard Deviations (SD), and categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and proportions. Logistic regression model assessed associations with Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CIs).

Results: Among the 496 participants, 50.8% were female, with an average age of 49.5 ± 11.8 years (M ± SD). 19/496 (3.83%) of inhaled smoker participants had hypertension. 58/496 (11.69%) of the chewing tobacco users were discovered to be hypertensive. The combined use of both inhalation and chewing tobacco was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.64-2.49), while inhalation tobacco was not (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05-0.53). Betel leaf use was prevalent among chewing tobacco users but did not significantly modify the association with hypertension. Age was identified as an independent variable that did not confound or modify the association between tobacco use and hypertension.

Conclusion: Together, inhalation and chewing of tobacco may increase hypertension risk, necessitating targeted public health interventions to curb its use among adult Bangladeshi rural populations. Nevertheless, we cannot establish temporality or causality from this study.

Background: Motivators and barriers to smoking cessation among bladder cancer (BC) survivors remain largely understudied. A novel approach to exploring these challenges is through analyzing user discourse on internet forums, which offer valuable insights into patients' lived experiences.

Objective: To qualitatively examine smoking cessation in former and current smokers with connections to BC using Reddit.

Methods: All posts on the subreddit "r/stopsmoking" was queried for "bladder cancer" and its MeSH terms. Threads with anecdotal experiences on BC and smoking were included for analysis. Grounded theory was used to inductively analyze the original posts. Two independent reviewers arranged original posts into individual excerpts to identified preliminary themes. These categories were refined to derive resultant concepts.

Results: 145 total discussions (17 BC original posts by former and current smokers and 128 reponses) were included. Grounded theory identified 4 themes: coping with BC, fluctuating motivators, resilience and determination amidst smoking relapse, emotional release. Three resultant concepts were formed: BC impacts quality of life, BC experience serves as a motivator for smoking cessation, and successful smoking cessation relies on a robust support network.

Conclusions: This study unveils BC experiences without judgment apprehension. The diagnosis of BC and patients' shared experiences may serve as catalysts to quit smoking. These themes and concepts on BC's impact on smoking can assist clinicians to have tailored cessation discussions.

Introduction: The use of multiple tobacco products may increase nicotine dependence and reduce success in quitting. In Viet Nam, the prevalence of dual cigarette and waterpipe use is high, yet the characteristics of dual users, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWH) in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) are underexplored. This paper describes patterns and correlates of tobacco use among PLWH in Viet Nam.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis utilized baseline survey data from a randomized controlled trial. Participants (n = 672) were ≥ 18 years old, current cigarette smokers, and receiving care at one of 13 HIV clinics in Ha Noi. Tobacco use pattern (cigarette-only vs dual waterpipe and cigarette use) was determined by self-reported use in the past 7 days. Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, household smoking rules, substance use, and perceived smoking risks were examined using bivariate analysis, with Wilcoxon's rank sum test and Pearson's Chi-sq tests used to assess statistical significance.

Results: Half of the sample (50.3%) reported dual waterpipe and cigarette use. Dual use was significantly associated with a lower level of education, lower annual income, and poorer health compared to cigarette-only smokers. Dual users were less likely to report a no-smoking household policy, and more likely to have a higher level of nicotine dependence. Participants from both user groups perceived waterpipe smoking as less harmful compared to cigarette smoking.

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dual tobacco use among PLWH in Viet Nam. Understanding the characteristics of dual users is critical for developing comprehensive tobacco control policies and cessation strategies tailored to this population in Viet Nam and other LMICs.

Background: In India, tobacco use is a serious public health concern that affects many adults and teenagers. Tobacco sales to minors continue despite strict laws under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA). Strengthening enforcement and lowering teenage tobacco exposure need an understanding of tobacco sellers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding these restrictions.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate tobacco vendors knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors around selling tobacco products to school-age children and teenagers in Jaipur, India.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among tobacco vendors in Jaipur, India.

Methods: A scheduled method was used to recruit 50 tobacco vendors in total. A systematic questionnaire created by the investigator was used to gather data, and a scoring system was used to evaluate KAP. SPSS version 29 was used to conduct statistical analyses, with significance set at P < 0.05. These analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation, and chi-square test.

Results: While the attitude score was very high (19.76 ± 2.58), showing a favorable opinion of smoke control laws, the mean knowledge score was 6.64 ± 1.27, indicating modest awareness. But there was a discrepancy between awareness and actual compliance, as indicated by the practice score (14.76 ± 2.08). Age-related declines in knowledge scores (P = 0.26) and practice scores (P = 0.03) were significant. Weak correlations between KAP components were shown by correlation analysis, indicating that awareness and attitude had little impact on regulatory compliance.

Conclusion: Upholding children against tobacco exposure requires more education, behavioral treatments, community awareness campaigns, and more stringent enforcement of tobacco legislation.

Background: Although many epidemiological studies show an association of cigarette smoking with suicide the path to the latter is not well understood.

Objective: Using causal inference methodology with observational data, to examine if smoking leads indirectly to suicide through mental health hospitalization.

Design: The study used 11 waves of a cross-sectional national health survey that was linked with hospitalization and death registers.

Methods: The data came from Canadian Community Health Survey respondents (n = 723 665) between the years 2000 and 2014. These respondents agreed to link their data with hospitalization and death registers and were followed for an average of 9.18 (SD: 4.42; range: 3 to 17) years. Mediation models, one each for men and women, were created in which lifetime daily smoking was the exposure, mental health hospitalization was the mediator, and death by suicide was the outcome, adjusting for 11 covariates reported at survey participation.

Results: In both men and women, the direct effect of daily smoking was larger than the indirect effect through hospitalization for mental conditions. The direct effect of smoking was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.47-2.10) for men and 2.60 (95% CI: 1.90-3.57) for women. The indirect effect through mental health hospitalization was 1.07 (95% CI: 1.05-1.09) for men and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99-1.09) for women.

Conclusion: A relatively smaller proportion of the daily smoking-suicide association is transmitted indirectly through mental health hospitalizations compared to a direct effect. Suicide interventions focusing on people hospitalized for mental disorders may miss many suicidal people, so primary prevention and secondary prevention of smoking are crucial.

Background: Smoking places a significant burden on healthcare systems, necessitating effective tobacco control measures. Pictorial health warnings (PHW) and tax increases have demonstrated great efficacy, yet their impact on cessation treatments and unintended shifts toward electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) remains elusive. This study analyzes changes in public interest following these measures using online search volume for search terms regarding three categories: cessation, treatment, and ENDS.

Methods: An interrupted time series analysis was conducted. First, an online survey in Germany determined relevant tobacco control measures and search terms related to the three categories. Participants (n = 487) were ≥18 years old, with German as their first language. Second, the relative search volume (RSV) of Google for Germany regarding the identified search terms was analyzed around the enactment of the determined measures. This data is an anonymized aggregate of all Google users. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to estimate the change in RSV.

Results: The survey identified tax increases and PHW as the most relevant tobacco control measures among selectable options. The tax increase in 2022 elicited a greater shift in RSV than the implementation of PHW in 2016. Substantial peaks in RSV only occurred following the tax increase, with no significant anticipatory effects. After the tax increase, interest in cessation-related terms seemed to rise (week 1: smoke free 6.53% [95% CI -6.78%-19.84%], quit smoking 12.17% [95% CI -0.15%-24.49%]), alongside a significant rise in searches for ENDS (week 2-3: e-cigarette 9.15% [95% CI 1.12%-17.19%], e-waterpipe 18.7% [95% CI 6.43%-30.96%]).

Conclusion: A tobacco tax increase may lead to increased online interest in ENDS. Policymakers should concurrently educate the public about the harms associated with ENDS and promote evidence-based cessation aids. This may discourage both the initiation of ENDS and their use for smoking cessation while redirecting public interest toward medically recommended alternatives.

Objective: This study seeks to extensively examine the intentions of Vietnamese male smokers to quit, delving into key factors associated with their inclination toward smoking cessation to gain insights to inform and enhance tobacco control initiatives in the country. Methods: The data in this cross-sectional study was informed by the Vietnam Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) 2022-2023. A total of 35 974 male smokers aged 15 years and older from 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam were surveyed regarding their intentions to quit. Data on the participants' demographic characteristics, smoking habits, and smoking cessation attempts were collected and analyzed for their associations with quit intention using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 48.4% of current smokers expressed an intention to quit. Those residing in rural areas were less likely to report this intention (OR = 0.929, 95% CI = 0.862-1.000), while occasional smokers (OR = 1.672, 95% CI = 1.580-1.769) and individuals who delayed their first cigarette by more than 60 minutes after waking (OR = 1.710, 95% CI = 1.583-1.845) were more likely to express a desire to quit. Factors such as exposure to information on smoking hazards, health warnings on cigarette packages, and receiving advice from healthcare professionals also significantly increased quit intentions. In contrast, those who had not attempted to quit in the past 12 months were much less likely to express a desire to quit (OR = 0.125, 95% CI = 0.116-0.134). Conclusion: This study underscored the complex interplay of demographic, behavioral, and informational factors associated with the intention of Vietnamese male smokers to quit. These findings contribute to Vietnam's tobacco control efforts by guiding policymakers and public health authorities in refining smoking cessation programs, enhancing effectiveness of smoking interventions, ultimately reducing smoking prevalence and improving public health outcomes in Vietnam.

Introduction: Oral consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is associated with poor periodontal health and a range of oral diseases, some of which are malignant or potentially malignant. This research aims to ascertain whether a certain socio-demographic category of individuals with any type of oral syndrome has a higher likelihood of using and consuming smokeless tobacco in specific ways. Method: A tertiary dental institution in Dhaka conducted cross-sectional research on adult oral hygiene patients from April 2024 to September 2024. A semi-structured questionnaire was replied by 156 research participants. Purposive sampling was used to choose study participants who were at least 18 years old, SLT users, and had at least ten natural teeth. Results: There might not be any gender disparity in the SLT intake because this study was conducted at the outdoor department of a tertiary dental facility with patients from a range of socio-demographic backgrounds. All the socio-demographic variables, including age, gender, marital status, number of children, family size, and employment, found to be significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with consumption of SLT along with smoking. Living location and education were the only exceptions. However, the length of time a person has consumed smokeless tobacco is affected by his/her socio-demographic factors such as age, residence region, marital status, number of family members, and number of children substantially (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: A coordinated and collaborative initiatives aimed at reducing smokeless tobacco consumption and smoking is required to prevent dental health degradation, especially among the vulnerable groups (eg, women, the elderly, residents of rural areas).

This cross-sectional study explores associations between perceived discrimination and nicotine product use. Data were collected from participants of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a national sample of youth and young adults. The analytic sample included participants surveyed between October 2022 to February 2023, who provided information on ever and past 30-day cigarette and e-cigarette use, perceived discrimination via the Everyday Discrimination Scale, and covariates (N = 5953). Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to the data to explore associations between perceived discrimination and nicotine product use. Results demonstrated that higher levels of perceived discrimination were associated with greater odds of current e-cigarette use, current or former cigarette use, current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, former e-cigarette use, and former dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, relative to never users of cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Additional research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which perceived discrimination might influence use of nicotine products - especially given that associations were also found between gender identity, race and ethnicity, perceived financial situation, household smoker status, and sensation seeking with nicotine product use.