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Feminist institutionalism(s) 女权主义制度主义(s)
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.15
Matthijs Bogaards
Abstract Over the past 10 years, feminist scholarship has made important contributions to the new institutionalism in political science. This literature has developed into two directions. Some scholars have sought to gender existing approaches, resulting in feminist historical institutionalism, feminist sociological institutionalism, feminist discursive institutionalism, and even feminist rational choice institutionalism. Others have tried to sketch a feminist institutionalism on a par with, and as an alternative to, the classic approaches. Through an analysis of eight recent books, this review asks which direction shows the most promise.
近十年来,女性主义学术对政治学新制度主义做出了重要贡献。这方面的文献已发展成两个方向。一些学者试图对已有的研究方法进行性别化,产生了女性主义历史制度主义、女性主义社会学制度主义、女性主义话语制度主义,甚至女性主义理性选择制度主义。另一些人则试图勾勒出一种女权主义的制度主义,它可以与经典方法相提并论,或者作为一种替代方法。通过对最近出版的八本书的分析,这篇评论询问了哪个方向最有希望。
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引用次数: 2
Beyond transparency: the principles of lobbying regulation and the perspective of professional lobbying consultancies 透明之外:游说监管原则与专业游说咨询公司的视角
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.16
A. Bitonti, C. Mariotti
Abstract While various types of lobbying regulation continue to be devised in different political systems in the world, some questions remain relevant from both a scientific and practical point of view. How can we define a lobbying regulation? What are the principles and the practices that should be pursued by a policy of lobbying regulation? And what is the lobbyists' stance on this matter? We propose a wider definition of lobbying regulation, aiming to overcome the traditional exclusive attention to formal pieces of legislation dedicated to lobbyists and lobbying activities. We refer to the philosophies of open government and deliberative democracy to expand the view on the principles of lobbying regulations, pointing out the macro-dimensions that can be encompassed for a more fine-grained understanding of lobbying regulations, considering not only transparency (as commonly done by most analyses thus far), but also the (fair) equality of access of stakeholders to policymaking and the public accountability of policymakers. On the empirical plan, we test our conceptual framework through an analysis of the perspective of the professional lobbying consultancies enrolled in the lobbying register of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, using in-depth semi-structured video interviews to investigate how such specifically relevant players assess lobbying regulation, and what principles and rules/institutional practices are most significant in their view, finding strong support for measures that aim to pursue the other two principles pointed out beyond transparency.
虽然世界上不同的政治制度不断设计各种类型的游说监管,但从科学和实践的角度来看,一些问题仍然具有相关性。我们如何定义游说法规?游说监管政策应遵循的原则和做法是什么?游说者在这个问题上的立场是什么?我们提出了一个更广泛的游说监管定义,旨在克服传统上对专门针对游说者和游说活动的正式立法的独家关注。我们参考开放政府和协商民主的哲学来扩展对游说法规原则的看法,指出可以包含的宏观维度,以更细致地理解游说法规,不仅考虑透明度(迄今为止大多数分析通常这样做),还考虑利益相关者参与政策制定的(公平)平等和政策制定者的公共责任。在实证计划中,我们通过对意大利众议院游说登记册中注册的专业游说咨询公司的观点进行分析来测试我们的概念框架,使用深度半结构化视频访谈来调查这些具体相关的参与者如何评估游说监管,以及在他们看来哪些原则和规则/制度实践最重要。寻求对旨在追求除透明度之外的其他两项原则的措施的有力支持。
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引用次数: 1
Vittorio Emanuele Parsi, The Wrecking of the Liberal World Order London, Palgrave MacMillan, 2021, p. 325. 维托里奥·伊曼纽尔·帕西,《自由世界秩序的破坏》,伦敦,帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦出版社,2021年,第325页。
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.14
Leonardo Morlino
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引用次数: 0
Reaching for allies? The dialectics and overlaps between international relations and area studies in the study of politics, security and conflicts 寻求盟友?政治、安全与冲突研究中国际关系与区域研究的辩证法与重叠
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.13
Silvia D’Amato, M. Dian, A. Russo
Abstract This article sets the scene for the Special Issue ‘Reaching for allies?’ by setting out the research questions and structure of the Special Issue. Specifically, this introduction reviews the state of the art of dialectics interweaving International Relations and Area Studies. Specifically, it focuses on tracing the genealogy of these debates, identifying the actors engaged with them, as well as, mapping those sites where such transdisciplinary knowledge is produced and circulated. We also provide an assessment of the interaction between the two disciplinary traditions as scholarly disciplines by reviewing the field as it had developed in the last decade since 2013. In order to do so, we present data on the brokers of this dialogue by analysing top-ranked Journals across regions, dedicated Special Issues on the matter as well as main international conferences and participants. Overall, this article provides a threefold contribution: first, we provide an account of the globalization of knowledge production and circulation that has also increasingly decentred, valuing local peculiarities and epistemological traditions beyond the Western academia(s). Second, we assess and discuss how Western and non-Western academics have contoured concepts which demand and entail site-intensive techniques of enquiry, exposure to complexities on the grounds, ethnographic sensitivity, and, at the same time, comparative endeavours going beyond area specialisms. Third, by looking at international and regional policy-making milieus with attention to context-specificity, we believe critical policy-relevant implications can be discussed, specifically in relation to local ownership and bottom-up approaches.
摘要这篇文章为特刊“寻求盟友?”阐述了《特刊》的研究问题和结构。具体而言,这篇引言回顾了辩证法与国际关系和区域研究交织在一起的艺术现状。具体而言,它侧重于追踪这些辩论的谱系,确定参与辩论的行为者,并绘制这些跨学科知识产生和传播的地点地图。我们还通过回顾自2013年以来这一领域在过去十年中的发展,评估了作为学术学科的两种学科传统之间的互动。为了做到这一点,我们通过分析各地区排名靠前的期刊、有关这一问题的专门特刊以及主要国际会议和参与者,提供了关于此次对话经纪人的数据。总的来说,这篇文章提供了三个方面的贡献:首先,我们介绍了知识生产和流通的全球化,这种全球化也越来越分散,重视西方学术界之外的地方特色和认识论传统。其次,我们评估和讨论西方和非西方学者是如何形成概念的,这些概念需要并需要现场密集型的调查技术、对复杂情况的了解、民族志的敏感性,同时还需要超越领域专业的比较努力。第三,通过关注具体情况的国际和区域决策环境,我们认为可以讨论与政策相关的关键影响,特别是与地方所有权和自下而上的方法有关的影响。
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引用次数: 4
Caught between sovereignty and solidarity? A multidimensional revisitation of EU mass–elite congruence 在主权和团结之间进退两难?对欧盟大众精英一致性的多维度重新审视
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.10
Andrea Pareschi, M. Giglioli, G. Baldini
Abstract This article undertakes a critical revisitation of mass–elite congruence on EU matters, taking stock of 30 years of research and addressing durable ambiguities flagged by recent scholarship. Its specific contribution leverages EUEngage elite and mass survey data gathered in 2016 in 10 European countries. Examining congruence at both the country and the party level, we carry out an uncommon multidimensional analysis that encompasses general European integration and certain key sub-dimensions. At both levels, we perform a distinctive systematization of multiple approaches to the assessment of EU issue congruence, probing the substantive consistency of ensuing results. The findings qualify and soften the conventional wisdom of a chasm between pro-European elites and lukewarm citizens. While most countries exhibit pro-EU elite bias in terms of averages and proportions alike, mass–elite alignment is the rule when the general dimension and its sub-dimensions are understood as binary. Party-level analyses display different outcomes, depending on whether party positions are derived from elites' self-placement or their voters' perceptions, yet discrepancies are generally lower than in past assessments. Altogether, ‘constraining dissensus’ chiefly emerges along sub-dimensions concerning decision-making authority, as opposed to sub-dimensions evoking solidarity and burden-sharing. The layered panorama of congruence and incongruence implies a dependence of mass–elite interplays on context and sub-dimensions, drawing attention to the mediating role of critical junctures and elite entrepreneurship.
摘要本文对欧盟事务上的大众精英一致性进行了批判性的重新审视,总结了30年的研究,并解决了最近学术界提出的长期模糊问题。其具体贡献利用了2016年在10个欧洲国家收集的EUEngage精英和大规模调查数据。在考察国家和政党层面的一致性时,我们进行了一项不同寻常的多维分析,其中包括欧洲的总体一体化和某些关键的子维度。在这两个层面上,我们对评估欧盟问题一致性的多种方法进行了独特的系统化,探讨了随后结果的实质性一致性。这些发现证实并软化了亲欧精英和不温不火的公民之间存在分歧的传统观点。虽然大多数国家在平均值和比例上都表现出亲欧盟精英的偏见,但当一般维度及其子维度被理解为二元时,大众-精英结盟是规则。政党层面的分析显示出不同的结果,这取决于政党立场是来自精英的自我定位还是选民的看法,但差异通常低于过去的评估。总之,“约束异议”主要出现在与决策权有关的子维度上,而不是唤起团结和分担负担的子维度。一致性和不一致性的分层全景意味着大众-精英互动对背景和子维度的依赖,引起人们对关键时刻和精英创业的中介作用的关注。
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引用次数: 0
China's pursuit of international status through negotiated deference: an empirical analysis of Italy's parliamentary attitude 中国通过协商服从追求国际地位:对意大利议会态度的实证分析
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.12
Giovanni B. Andornino
Abstract Italy's controversial decision to sign a Memorandum of Understanding for collaboration on the Belt and Road Initiative with China in 2019 has been widely debated. This article seeks to break new ground by offering a theory-informed contribution investigating the rationale behind Beijing's own commitment in the negotiations leading to the signing of the BRI MoU. It argues that the Chinese government accepted the risks involved in the process for the sake of promoting an accelerated advancement in China's positioning in the international status hierarchy through negotiation of deference against agency with Italy. The article empirically probes the extent to which such a strategy of status enhancement on China's part is sustainable over time. Based on a content analysis of all China-related political stances expressed in ordinary non-legislative policy-setting acts tabled in both Houses of the 18th Italian Parliament, from March 2018 through to August 2021, the article suggests that China's strategy is hardly sustainable. In fact, the steady deterioration of China-related sentiment among Italian Members of Parliament as a consequence of Beijing's policies towards Hong Kong, the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak, and Xinjiang matches the expectations of previous scholarship on international status as it confirms that social closure mechanisms discussed in the literature prevail over foreign policy consistency when the status-seeking actor is perceived as crossing critical normative thresholds.
摘要意大利于2019年与中国签署“一带一路”倡议合作谅解备忘录的争议决定引发了广泛争论。本文试图通过提供理论依据的贡献来开拓新的领域,调查北京在导致签署“一带一路”倡议谅解备忘录的谈判中做出承诺背后的理由。它认为,中国政府接受了这一过程中涉及的风险,是为了通过与意大利谈判尊重代理权,促进中国在国际地位等级中的地位加速提升。本文从经验上探讨了中国这种地位提升战略在多大程度上是可持续的。基于对2018年3月至2021年8月在意大利第18届议会两院提交的普通非立法政策制定法案中表达的所有与中国有关的政治立场的内容分析,文章认为中国的战略很难持续。事实上,由于北京对香港的政策、2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)爆发、,新疆符合以往学术界对国际地位的期望,因为它证实了当寻求地位的行为者被认为跨越了关键的规范阈值时,文献中讨论的社会封闭机制胜过外交政策的一致性。
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引用次数: 1
Turning towards practices: on the common ground of international relations and European studies 转向实践:国际关系和欧洲研究的共同点
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.11
Chiara De Franco
Abstract The so-called practice turn in International Relations (IR) has established a new paradigm that puts practitioners' quotidian doings front and centre of IR theorizing. It is proving to be an influential development also for area studies (AS) that share much of IR's scholarship and objects of study. This is certainly the case for European studies (ES) where the works of International Practice Theory (IPT) scholars has greatly contributed to raise attention to situated, mundane, and everyday practices of EU institutions. This article reviews the contribution of IPT scholars to ES to assess the added value of this research agenda and its potential to become a ‘trading zone’ where IR and ES/AS scholars can advance understanding of how the local and the global connect. It also identifies two challenges that have not been adequately addressed in the extant literature: (1) finding ways to theorize and empirically observe the transition from the level of situated practices to EU-wide doings (generalization challenge); and (2) assessing the exact role of interaction in structuring and transforming both the global and the local (challenge of relationism). The article ends by calling for a global practice theory as a way to tackle these two challenges.
摘要所谓的国际关系实践转向建立了一种新的范式,将从业者的日常行为置于国际关系理论的前沿和中心。事实证明,这对区域研究(AS)来说也是一个有影响力的发展,这些研究共享IR的大部分学术和研究对象。欧洲研究(ES)就是这样,国际实践理论(IPT)学者的工作极大地促进了人们对欧盟机构的情境、世俗和日常实践的关注。本文回顾了IPT学者对ES的贡献,以评估该研究议程的附加值及其成为“贸易区”的潜力,IR和ES/AS学者可以在这里促进对本地和全球联系方式的理解。它还确定了现存文献中尚未充分解决的两个挑战:(1)找到方法对从情境实践水平到欧盟范围内行为的转变进行理论化和实证观察(概括挑战);以及(2)评估相互作用在构建和转换全局和局部中的确切作用(关系论的挑战)。文章最后呼吁采用全球实践理论来应对这两个挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Voting between two global crises. A NUTS3-level analysis of retrospective voting in four South-European countries 在两次全球危机之间投票。四个南欧国家回顾性投票的nuts3水平分析
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.9
M. Giuliani
Abstract Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain went several times to the polls during the 2010–2019 decade. It was a period characterised by the strenuous effort to recover the economic situation before the onset of the Great Recession; an effort, however, often constrained by externally imposed austerity policies, and by a refugee crisis that contributed to the growing salience of the immigration issue. The article adopts an original sub-national approach to examine if and how the economic situation and the incidence of immigration affected the electoral outcomes in the four South-European countries. Adopting a theory of retrospective behaviour, the research reported in the article confirms the association between employment and immigration levels, on the one hand, and punishment of the incumbent government on the other. However, the electoral effects of immigration are conditioned by the partisan composition of the government and, under centre-right cabinets, are aggravated by a negative economic conjuncture.
在2010年至2019年的十年间,希腊、意大利、葡萄牙和西班牙进行了多次投票。这一时期的特点是,在大衰退(Great Recession)开始之前,各国为恢复经济形势付出了艰苦的努力;然而,这一努力往往受到外部强加的紧缩政策和难民危机的限制,难民危机使移民问题日益突出。本文采用原始的次国家方法来研究经济状况和移民发生率是否以及如何影响四个南欧国家的选举结果。采用回顾性行为理论,文章中报道的研究一方面证实了就业和移民水平之间的联系,另一方面证实了现任政府的惩罚。然而,移民对选举的影响取决于政府的党派构成,在中右翼内阁的领导下,这种影响会因负面的经济形势而加剧。
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引用次数: 1
Tigri di carta. Debolezza dei partiti e instabilita’ sistemica in Italia (1994–2018) by Eugenio Pizzimenti, Pisa, Pisa University Press, 2020, 267 pp. 268, €19.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-88-3339-361-3 纸老虎。《意大利政党的弱点和制度的不稳定》(1994 - 2018),Eugenio pizzing, Pisa, Pisa大学出版社,2020,267页
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.5
C. Fiorelli
The book seeks to give a comprehensive overview of the organizational approach to the study of political parties by examining changes in Italian politics during the past 30 years. The author ’ s goal in this work is to synthesize his extensive study of political organizations and the evolution of the Italian party system. The book ’ s goal is to combine organizational theory with the literature and empirical research relating to political party organizational change. For researchers, the organizational viewpoint is a crucial theoretical approach for understanding how political parties work. The importance of adopting a consistent and comprehensive perspective from an organizational standpoint was recently shown in the Political Party Database Project (see Scarrow, Poguntke, and Webb 2017), to which the author contributed. Primarily, the author aims to develop a formal organizational theory of political parties that blends neo-institutionalism with a multidimensional approach to empirical study. Tigri di Carta is an in-depth presentation and discussion of that comparative organizational approach to the study of the political parties applied to the never-ending transformations of Italy ’ s collective political actors, offering an innovative and original contribution to the ways in which scholars can understand and empirically adopt the organizational perspective. Pizzimenti initially clarifies the role of political parties, leaving little room for (mis-)interpret-ation: parties are defined as ‘ formalised physical and social structures, created as an attempt to achieve specific goals, through the collaboration and space-temporal coordination of participants, using appropriate technical instruments and exchanging resources with the environment in which they operate ’ (p. 28). The
这本书试图通过考察意大利政治在过去30年中的变化,全面概述政党研究的组织方法。作者在这部作品中的目标是综合他对政治组织和意大利政党制度演变的广泛研究。本书的目标是将组织理论与有关政党组织变革的文献和实证研究相结合。对于研究人员来说,组织观点是理解政党如何运作的重要理论方法。从组织角度采取一致和全面的观点的重要性最近在政党数据库项目中得到了体现(见Scarrow、Poguntke和Webb 2017),作者对此做出了贡献。首先,作者旨在发展一种正式的政党组织理论,将新制度主义与多维实证研究相结合。Tigri di Carta深入介绍和讨论了这种比较组织方法,该方法用于研究意大利集体政治行为者无休止变革中的政党,为学者理解和实证采用组织视角的方式提供了创新和独创的贡献。Pizzimenti最初澄清了政党的作用,几乎没有留下(错误)解释的空间:政党被定义为“形式化的物理和社会结构,通过参与者的合作和时空协调来实现特定目标,使用适当的技术手段,并与他们经营的环境交换资源”(第28页)。这个
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引用次数: 0
Andreas Bieler, Fighting for water. Resisting Privatization in Europe London, Zed Books, 2021, 210 pp., £67.50 (hardback), £21.59 (paperback), £17.27 (eBook), ISBN 9781786995087. Andreas Bieler,为水而战。抵制欧洲私有化伦敦,Zed Books, 2021, 210页,67.50英镑(精装本),21.59英镑(平装本),17.27英镑(电子书),ISBN 9781786995087。
IF 1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1017/ipo.2022.4
A. Cozzolino
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引用次数: 0
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Italian Political Science Review-Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica
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