Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672444
S. Ramesh, T. Murphy, Mark Meiers, Yuan Li, M. D. Hwang, Yang Wu, W. Qiu
Power grids across the world have specific areas in their power systems that have a weak transmission network. Loss of certain critical transmission elements in these areas becomes a major concern for operations in the EMS Control Centers. Analysis of such contingent events is complex as these contingencies force the solution to go beyond the knee of the P-V curve, which causes the contingency to go unsolved. This paper describes an approach for reprocessing logic in the Contingency Analysis (CA) engine to help solve those contingencies that are beyond the knee of the P-V curve in order to assess system impacts and related Special Protection Schemes (SPS). This approach has been implemented recently into Real-Time Contingency Analysis application (RTCA) of EMS system at ISO-New England and it provides a way to analyze SPS actions under stressed system conditions.
世界各地的电网在其电力系统中都有输电网络薄弱的特定区域。这些地区某些关键传输元件的丢失成为EMS控制中心运营的主要关注点。对这些偶然性事件的分析是复杂的，因为这些偶然性迫使解超出P-V曲线的拐点，这导致偶然性无法解决。本文描述了一种在偶然性分析(CA)引擎中重新处理逻辑的方法，以帮助解决超出P-V曲线膝部的偶然性，从而评估系统影响和相关的特殊保护方案(SPS)。该方法最近已应用于ISO-New England EMS系统的实时应急分析应用(RTCA)中，提供了一种分析压力系统条件下SPS行为的方法。
{"title":"Special reprocessing logic for contingency analysis with special protection systems","authors":"S. Ramesh, T. Murphy, Mark Meiers, Yuan Li, M. D. Hwang, Yang Wu, W. Qiu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672444","url":null,"abstract":"Power grids across the world have specific areas in their power systems that have a weak transmission network. Loss of certain critical transmission elements in these areas becomes a major concern for operations in the EMS Control Centers. Analysis of such contingent events is complex as these contingencies force the solution to go beyond the knee of the P-V curve, which causes the contingency to go unsolved. This paper describes an approach for reprocessing logic in the Contingency Analysis (CA) engine to help solve those contingencies that are beyond the knee of the P-V curve in order to assess system impacts and related Special Protection Schemes (SPS). This approach has been implemented recently into Real-Time Contingency Analysis application (RTCA) of EMS system at ISO-New England and it provides a way to analyze SPS actions under stressed system conditions.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115100314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672239
Sang-Seung Lee, Min-Uk Yang, Kernjoong Kim, Y. Yoon, S. Moon, Jong-keun Park
In this paper, we present a smart grid (SG)-based substation testing simulator (STS) design for the South Korean power distribution system. The presented STS can serve as both a test bed for new devices and as a training facility for education. It features closed-loop testing, and reflects both control/protection functions within the substation and interaction with the Web or a telecontrol system (IEC61850, DNP, IEC60870-5, Modbus, etc). This STS can save certification time for the domestic/international standard fitness required for developed devices before a field test. The constituted algorithms have substation topology processing, relay action sequence, and state estimation. The substation data can be stored in a database management system (DBMS) after the effective analysis for the results of the SG-based STS. For the development of a new system and an educational environment, the concept of open systems is applied to a substation testing system. The proposed STS will be designed on a substation structure in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).
{"title":"Smart-grid based substation testing simulator design for the South Korean power distribution system","authors":"Sang-Seung Lee, Min-Uk Yang, Kernjoong Kim, Y. Yoon, S. Moon, Jong-keun Park","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672239","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a smart grid (SG)-based substation testing simulator (STS) design for the South Korean power distribution system. The presented STS can serve as both a test bed for new devices and as a training facility for education. It features closed-loop testing, and reflects both control/protection functions within the substation and interaction with the Web or a telecontrol system (IEC61850, DNP, IEC60870-5, Modbus, etc). This STS can save certification time for the domestic/international standard fitness required for developed devices before a field test. The constituted algorithms have substation topology processing, relay action sequence, and state estimation. The substation data can be stored in a database management system (DBMS) after the effective analysis for the results of the SG-based STS. For the development of a new system and an educational environment, the concept of open systems is applied to a substation testing system. The proposed STS will be designed on a substation structure in the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO).","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116936841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672283
Wenyuan Li, W. Wangdee, Andre Tache, P. Choudhury
Substation reliability evaluation is one of the important tasks in power system reliability since substation originated (terminal-related) failures can have significant impact on both bulk transmission system and distribution system. A quantitative reliability assessment of a detailed substation topology is valuable to system planning and operation functions. This paper presents a combined state enumeration and linear programming method for substation reliability evaluation. A case study based on an actual system at BC Hydro is illustrated. The study results could prove useful for station planning and design to optimize an investment cost associated with an improvement of supply reliability.
{"title":"Evaluating substation reliability using a combined state enumeration and linear programming method","authors":"Wenyuan Li, W. Wangdee, Andre Tache, P. Choudhury","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672283","url":null,"abstract":"Substation reliability evaluation is one of the important tasks in power system reliability since substation originated (terminal-related) failures can have significant impact on both bulk transmission system and distribution system. A quantitative reliability assessment of a detailed substation topology is valuable to system planning and operation functions. This paper presents a combined state enumeration and linear programming method for substation reliability evaluation. A case study based on an actual system at BC Hydro is illustrated. The study results could prove useful for station planning and design to optimize an investment cost associated with an improvement of supply reliability.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116991372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672576
Liang Han, Shouxiang Wang, Dong Wang, Xiguang Fan
In order to solve optimal technical and economic allocation of distributed generation in distribution network, a multi-objective nonlinear optimization model is built considering the uncertainty of the type, location and capacity of distributed generation. The sub-objectives in this model include the least investment cost, the highest earning, the highest environment benefits and the least loss in distribution network. Interval numbers are used to deal with the uncertainty of the property values and their weights in the actual decision-making of DG optimal allocation. A method combined by TOPSIS algorithm based on interval mathematics and genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve that model. Taking a typical distribution network as a test example, the result shows the validity and practicability of the proposed method.
{"title":"Optimal planning of distributed generations with the combination of genetic algorithm and interval numbers TOPSIS","authors":"Liang Han, Shouxiang Wang, Dong Wang, Xiguang Fan","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672576","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve optimal technical and economic allocation of distributed generation in distribution network, a multi-objective nonlinear optimization model is built considering the uncertainty of the type, location and capacity of distributed generation. The sub-objectives in this model include the least investment cost, the highest earning, the highest environment benefits and the least loss in distribution network. Interval numbers are used to deal with the uncertainty of the property values and their weights in the actual decision-making of DG optimal allocation. A method combined by TOPSIS algorithm based on interval mathematics and genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve that model. Taking a typical distribution network as a test example, the result shows the validity and practicability of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117019441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672759
N. Jayasekara, M. Masoum, P. Wolfs
Integrating distributed PV systems with co-located storage allows the simultaneous management of the feeder voltage profile and losses while significantly raising the limits on PV penetration. A large distributed storage capability can be managed to provide these functions in addition to the normal storage benefit of limiting or shifting the peak demand. In this paper, a real power management optimization method has been presented that improves the voltage profile of a test feeder with finely distributed PV while minimizing system losses. The results show the effect of storage on the feeder voltage profile, the diurnal differences in storage behavior at the head and the far end of the feeder and provide insight into the economic sizing and periodic daily operation of storage.
{"title":"Optimal power management for LV distribution feeders with finely distributed PV and co-located storage","authors":"N. Jayasekara, M. Masoum, P. Wolfs","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672759","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating distributed PV systems with co-located storage allows the simultaneous management of the feeder voltage profile and losses while significantly raising the limits on PV penetration. A large distributed storage capability can be managed to provide these functions in addition to the normal storage benefit of limiting or shifting the peak demand. In this paper, a real power management optimization method has been presented that improves the voltage profile of a test feeder with finely distributed PV while minimizing system losses. The results show the effect of storage on the feeder voltage profile, the diurnal differences in storage behavior at the head and the far end of the feeder and provide insight into the economic sizing and periodic daily operation of storage.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116367369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672990
M. Lauby, J. Bian, S. Ekisheva, M. Varghese
Frequency response is a measure of an Interconnection's ability to stabilize frequency immediately following the sudden loss of generation or load. It is a critical component to the reliable operation of the bulk power system, particularly during disturbances and restoration. This paper presents frequency response statistical trends for the Eastern Interconnection of North American electric grid. The statistical analysis tests whether observable decreases or increases between three annual data points constitute a statistically significant trend. The probability distribution of frequency response and contributing factors to it changes over the years are also examined. The statistical significance tests and studies have indicated a slowly increasing general trend for the North American Eastern Interconnection over time.
{"title":"Eastern interconnection frequency response trends","authors":"M. Lauby, J. Bian, S. Ekisheva, M. Varghese","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672990","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency response is a measure of an Interconnection's ability to stabilize frequency immediately following the sudden loss of generation or load. It is a critical component to the reliable operation of the bulk power system, particularly during disturbances and restoration. This paper presents frequency response statistical trends for the Eastern Interconnection of North American electric grid. The statistical analysis tests whether observable decreases or increases between three annual data points constitute a statistically significant trend. The probability distribution of frequency response and contributing factors to it changes over the years are also examined. The statistical significance tests and studies have indicated a slowly increasing general trend for the North American Eastern Interconnection over time.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"833 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116422194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672468
Yichi Zhang, Weiqing Sun, Lingfeng Wang
The communication network of the smart grid needs to be secure as well as efficient. Trust nodes can be deployed in the communication network to provide the necessary security protection. However, the mechanism should support self-recovery in case that one or more trust nodes stop working. Moreover, the runtime recovery shall be time efficient so as to meet the time constraints in the communications between the components in the smart grid. This paper proposes the Primary-Secondary trust node placement algorithm (P-S algorithm) to identify the set of primary and secondary trust nodes to address the above issue. In case of faults, secondary trust nodes will be activated immediately to avoid the cost of identifying the alternative trust nodes during runtime. Comparisons between the original trust node placement and the proposed P-S algorithm are performed based on a network under different tolerant levels. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach is effective in providing the security of the smart grid system with the low overall cost.
{"title":"Placement of primary-secondary trust nodes in smart grid communication network","authors":"Yichi Zhang, Weiqing Sun, Lingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672468","url":null,"abstract":"The communication network of the smart grid needs to be secure as well as efficient. Trust nodes can be deployed in the communication network to provide the necessary security protection. However, the mechanism should support self-recovery in case that one or more trust nodes stop working. Moreover, the runtime recovery shall be time efficient so as to meet the time constraints in the communications between the components in the smart grid. This paper proposes the Primary-Secondary trust node placement algorithm (P-S algorithm) to identify the set of primary and secondary trust nodes to address the above issue. In case of faults, secondary trust nodes will be activated immediately to avoid the cost of identifying the alternative trust nodes during runtime. Comparisons between the original trust node placement and the proposed P-S algorithm are performed based on a network under different tolerant levels. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach is effective in providing the security of the smart grid system with the low overall cost.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117213111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672247
W. Traore, R. McCann
Power system oscillations arise from various sources. One contributor that is difficult to quantify during operation is the induced (air-gap) torque. This paper presents a new approach for measuring the instantaneous air-gap torque in real-time for synchronous generators. This is achieved through recent progress in nanowire giant magnetoresistive sensor (GMR) technology that now makes it possible to directly measure magnetic fields in the air-gap of operating electrical machinery. Results show that it is possible to compute the instantaneous air-gap induced electrical torque by evaluating a discretized form of the Maxwell stress tensor. This torque measurement can then be used to extract information on the operating condition of a synchronous generator in real-time. A prototype GMR sensor is evaluated. Analysis for generator diagnostics and detection of torsional oscillations is presented.
{"title":"Torque measurements in synchronous generators using giant magnetoresistive sensor arrays via the Maxwell stress tensor","authors":"W. Traore, R. McCann","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672247","url":null,"abstract":"Power system oscillations arise from various sources. One contributor that is difficult to quantify during operation is the induced (air-gap) torque. This paper presents a new approach for measuring the instantaneous air-gap torque in real-time for synchronous generators. This is achieved through recent progress in nanowire giant magnetoresistive sensor (GMR) technology that now makes it possible to directly measure magnetic fields in the air-gap of operating electrical machinery. Results show that it is possible to compute the instantaneous air-gap induced electrical torque by evaluating a discretized form of the Maxwell stress tensor. This torque measurement can then be used to extract information on the operating condition of a synchronous generator in real-time. A prototype GMR sensor is evaluated. Analysis for generator diagnostics and detection of torsional oscillations is presented.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123927539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672715
I. Lampropoulos, W. Kling, P. Ribeiro, J. van den Berg
The scope of this paper is to provide a review on the topic of demand side management. A historical overview provides a critical insight to applied cases, while the discovery of new evidence calls for reconsideration of the design of demand response control schemes. The developments at the demand side are analyzed, and philosophical considerations are made with respect to envisioned energy management systems. Finally, the authors classify demand response control schemes based on the formulation of the rate structures and the employed technology. This classification follows a historical order, and addresses both applied cases and research developments.
{"title":"History of demand side management and classification of demand response control schemes","authors":"I. Lampropoulos, W. Kling, P. Ribeiro, J. van den Berg","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672715","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of this paper is to provide a review on the topic of demand side management. A historical overview provides a critical insight to applied cases, while the discovery of new evidence calls for reconsideration of the design of demand response control schemes. The developments at the demand side are analyzed, and philosophical considerations are made with respect to envisioned energy management systems. Finally, the authors classify demand response control schemes based on the formulation of the rate structures and the employed technology. This classification follows a historical order, and addresses both applied cases and research developments.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672563
Cesar A. Silva-Monroy, J. Neely, R. Byrne, Ryan T. Elliott, D. Schoenwald
Inter-area oscillations are one of the factors that limit transmission capacity in large interconnected systems. In this paper we investigate the effects of increasing wind generation on inter-area modes and propose the use of additional control schemes for wind plants for mitigation of inter-area oscillations. Control schemes include droop control and inertial emulation, which are originally aimed at improving transient stability. The sensitivities of inter-area modes to droop control and inertial emulation gains are identified. Implementation of suggested controls schemes via collocated energy storage devices is also explored.
{"title":"Wind generation controls for damping of inter-area oscillations","authors":"Cesar A. Silva-Monroy, J. Neely, R. Byrne, Ryan T. Elliott, D. Schoenwald","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672563","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-area oscillations are one of the factors that limit transmission capacity in large interconnected systems. In this paper we investigate the effects of increasing wind generation on inter-area modes and propose the use of additional control schemes for wind plants for mitigation of inter-area oscillations. Control schemes include droop control and inertial emulation, which are originally aimed at improving transient stability. The sensitivities of inter-area modes to droop control and inertial emulation gains are identified. Implementation of suggested controls schemes via collocated energy storage devices is also explored.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"3 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125975326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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