Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672910
A. Arabali, E. Chalko, M. Etezadi-Amoli, M. Fadali
Price forecasting has become an important tool in the planning and operation of restructured power systems. This paper develops a new short-term electricity price forecasting scheme based on a state space model of the power market. A Gauss-Markov process is used to represent the stochastic dynamics of the electricity market. Kalman and H∞ filters, two methods based on the state space model, are applied in order to estimate the electricity price and compare the quality of their state estimates. Our results show that performance measures for the H∞ filter are generally superior to those for the standard Kalman filter.
{"title":"Short-term electricity price forecasting","authors":"A. Arabali, E. Chalko, M. Etezadi-Amoli, M. Fadali","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672910","url":null,"abstract":"Price forecasting has become an important tool in the planning and operation of restructured power systems. This paper develops a new short-term electricity price forecasting scheme based on a state space model of the power market. A Gauss-Markov process is used to represent the stochastic dynamics of the electricity market. Kalman and H∞ filters, two methods based on the state space model, are applied in order to estimate the electricity price and compare the quality of their state estimates. Our results show that performance measures for the H∞ filter are generally superior to those for the standard Kalman filter.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129205429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672246
Shuhui Li, Dong Zhang
The development of the smart grid is driving an explosion of interest in demand response programs in the power and energy industry. The term “demand response” is usually used to describe programs that result in changes in electricity usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity over time. To do so, smart usage of major home appliances is necessary. This paper compares optimal and heuristic demand response (DR) algorithms through a computational experiment strategy. The optimal DR algorithm is obtained based on the objective of minimizing the cost for household electricity consumption. The heuristic DR algorithm is based on the dynamic price information during a day. The computational experiment approach combines building energy consumption simulation and dynamic electricity price together for different DR algorithm evaluation. The paper examines the characteristics of the two different DR strategies and how they are affected by dynamic price tariffs, seasons, and weathers.
{"title":"A comparison study of demand response using optimal and heuristic algorithms","authors":"Shuhui Li, Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672246","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the smart grid is driving an explosion of interest in demand response programs in the power and energy industry. The term “demand response” is usually used to describe programs that result in changes in electricity usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity over time. To do so, smart usage of major home appliances is necessary. This paper compares optimal and heuristic demand response (DR) algorithms through a computational experiment strategy. The optimal DR algorithm is obtained based on the objective of minimizing the cost for household electricity consumption. The heuristic DR algorithm is based on the dynamic price information during a day. The computational experiment approach combines building energy consumption simulation and dynamic electricity price together for different DR algorithm evaluation. The paper examines the characteristics of the two different DR strategies and how they are affected by dynamic price tariffs, seasons, and weathers.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124196420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672664
Hao Jiang, Jin Lin, Yonghua Song, Xiaoming Li, Jianxun Dong
Reducing fossil consumptions of aluminum smelting productions, which consumes around 8% electricity annually in China, is of significantly meaningful for China's energy section. One possible solution is by integrating wind power to supply for part of aluminum smelter loads. Based on this background, the paper studies an actual industrial case which is an isolated power system with as high as 30% wind penetration level integrated for aluminum production. After the integration of wind power, frequency stability issues become critical in such a system. This paper hence proposes a demand-side frequency control scheme, which uses self-saturable reactors to control load power of aluminum smelters responding to frequency deviations of this system. The scheme is designed based on the relationship between the input DC voltage of smelting loads and the commutation voltage drop which can be adjusted by self-saturable reactors. A numerical case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under the scenario considering with wind power outputs.
{"title":"Frequency control by aluminum smelter load response in an isolated wind power system: A study for an industrial case","authors":"Hao Jiang, Jin Lin, Yonghua Song, Xiaoming Li, Jianxun Dong","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672664","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing fossil consumptions of aluminum smelting productions, which consumes around 8% electricity annually in China, is of significantly meaningful for China's energy section. One possible solution is by integrating wind power to supply for part of aluminum smelter loads. Based on this background, the paper studies an actual industrial case which is an isolated power system with as high as 30% wind penetration level integrated for aluminum production. After the integration of wind power, frequency stability issues become critical in such a system. This paper hence proposes a demand-side frequency control scheme, which uses self-saturable reactors to control load power of aluminum smelters responding to frequency deviations of this system. The scheme is designed based on the relationship between the input DC voltage of smelting loads and the commutation voltage drop which can be adjusted by self-saturable reactors. A numerical case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme under the scenario considering with wind power outputs.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"9 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120855932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672933
Sen Li, Marco Brocanelli, Wei Zhang, Xiaorui Wang
The power consumption of a data center with a large number of computer servers can be controlled precisely on fast timescales, making data centers rather valuable assets to the electric grid. This paper explores the potential of using large-scale data centers to provide frequency regulation. In particular, Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is employed to adjust the power consumptions of individual computer servers. An aggregated power response model is developed for the entire data center. Service response time model is incorporated to ensure performance of the data center. A novel power management strategy is then proposed to control the CPU frequencies of individual servers to follow a given regulation signal while respecting desired response time requirement. Simulations based on real workload traces and real regulation signals are performed. The results indicate that the regulation signal can be tracked very accurately under the proposed control strategy, and a single data center can achieve about a half-million-dollar revenue by participating in the regulation market without affecting its service quality.
{"title":"Data center power control for frequency regulation","authors":"Sen Li, Marco Brocanelli, Wei Zhang, Xiaorui Wang","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672933","url":null,"abstract":"The power consumption of a data center with a large number of computer servers can be controlled precisely on fast timescales, making data centers rather valuable assets to the electric grid. This paper explores the potential of using large-scale data centers to provide frequency regulation. In particular, Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is employed to adjust the power consumptions of individual computer servers. An aggregated power response model is developed for the entire data center. Service response time model is incorporated to ensure performance of the data center. A novel power management strategy is then proposed to control the CPU frequencies of individual servers to follow a given regulation signal while respecting desired response time requirement. Simulations based on real workload traces and real regulation signals are performed. The results indicate that the regulation signal can be tracked very accurately under the proposed control strategy, and a single data center can achieve about a half-million-dollar revenue by participating in the regulation market without affecting its service quality.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121341857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672088
D. Hiramatsu
Summary form only given. This paper presents a new method for estimation of rotor surface losses in small to medium capacity synchronous machines. In this study, the authors have proposed a method for estimating the slot ripple losses induced on the rotor surface. Also, we compared the damper systems using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and verified the results by the measured data.
{"title":"A study on rotor surface lossesa in small-to-medium cylindrical synchronous machine","authors":"D. Hiramatsu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672088","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This paper presents a new method for estimation of rotor surface losses in small to medium capacity synchronous machines. In this study, the authors have proposed a method for estimating the slot ripple losses induced on the rotor surface. Also, we compared the damper systems using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and verified the results by the measured data.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672465
Koon Wong, M. Negnevitsky
This paper presents an evaluation tool for demand side management of domestic hot water systems. The objective of the demand side management is to reduce peak residential demand via direct load control. The evaluation tool employs an energy flow and sectionalized temperature model of the domestic hot water tank and uses bottom-up approach to build an aggregated residential hot water load profile. The potential reduction of peak loads is investigated via simulations of various shutdown programs that control the power supply to the hot water tank. Issues such as the user comfort, load diversity and payback effect are addressed.
{"title":"Development of an evaluation tool for demand side management of domestic hot water load","authors":"Koon Wong, M. Negnevitsky","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672465","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an evaluation tool for demand side management of domestic hot water systems. The objective of the demand side management is to reduce peak residential demand via direct load control. The evaluation tool employs an energy flow and sectionalized temperature model of the domestic hot water tank and uses bottom-up approach to build an aggregated residential hot water load profile. The potential reduction of peak loads is investigated via simulations of various shutdown programs that control the power supply to the hot water tank. Issues such as the user comfort, load diversity and payback effect are addressed.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114085338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672493
Sang-Seung Lee, Y. Yoon, S. Moon, Jong-keun Park
This paper presents the generator's internal fault modeling and analysis based on the one-machine infinite-bus power system for the simulation of internal faults in a synchronous generator. The model applied is a low-order synchronous generator model, and is based on the so-called fourth-order representation with the mechanical mode from the second-order system and the electrical mode from the second-order system. The test cases for internal faults demonstrates the output waveforms for id, iq, vd, vq, ω, Efd, Vt, Te, ia, ib, ic, va, vb, and vc using the MATLAB tool. Furthermore, the fault perturbations for internal windings and for an exciter terminal are also carried out and are compared by the results of four cases of simulations.
{"title":"Gennerator internal fault modeling and analysis based on one-machine infinite-bus power system","authors":"Sang-Seung Lee, Y. Yoon, S. Moon, Jong-keun Park","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672493","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the generator's internal fault modeling and analysis based on the one-machine infinite-bus power system for the simulation of internal faults in a synchronous generator. The model applied is a low-order synchronous generator model, and is based on the so-called fourth-order representation with the mechanical mode from the second-order system and the electrical mode from the second-order system. The test cases for internal faults demonstrates the output waveforms for i<sub>d</sub>, i<sub>q</sub>, v<sub>d</sub>, v<sub>q</sub>, ω, E<sub>fd</sub>, V<sub>t</sub>, T<sub>e</sub>, i<sub>a</sub>, i<sub>b</sub>, i<sub>c</sub>, v<sub>a</sub>, v<sub>b</sub>, and v<sub>c</sub> using the MATLAB tool. Furthermore, the fault perturbations for internal windings and for an exciter terminal are also carried out and are compared by the results of four cases of simulations.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672574
F. Luo, Zhaoyang Dong, Y. Y. Chen, K. Meng, Guo Chen, Huiqiao Tian, K. Wong
In order to mitigate the high fluctuations of the wind power and stabilize the power output of the wind farm, a novel coordinated short-term dispatch scheme for the wind farm equipped with battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed. The proposed dispatch scheme uses three different wind power forecast scenarios to regularly fully charge and discharge the BESS within its operational SOC limits, so as to maximize the potential storage ability and utility of the BESS and prolong the life time of the BESS. Based on the lead-acid battery model provided by SIMSCAPE/Matlab 2011, two simulation cases are designed to observe the wind farm power out and the BESS charging and discharging behaviors.
{"title":"A novel short-term dispatch scheme for wind farm with battery energy storage system","authors":"F. Luo, Zhaoyang Dong, Y. Y. Chen, K. Meng, Guo Chen, Huiqiao Tian, K. Wong","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672574","url":null,"abstract":"In order to mitigate the high fluctuations of the wind power and stabilize the power output of the wind farm, a novel coordinated short-term dispatch scheme for the wind farm equipped with battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed. The proposed dispatch scheme uses three different wind power forecast scenarios to regularly fully charge and discharge the BESS within its operational SOC limits, so as to maximize the potential storage ability and utility of the BESS and prolong the life time of the BESS. Based on the lead-acid battery model provided by SIMSCAPE/Matlab 2011, two simulation cases are designed to observe the wind farm power out and the BESS charging and discharging behaviors.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672714
Tsz-Kin Au, M. Ortega-Vazquez
Electric vehicles' (EVs) penetration is expected to grow rapidly in the near future due to their low operating costs and low emissions as compared to conventional, fossil-fuel-powered vehicles. It is therefore essential for utilities to be equipped with the necessary tools to investigate the impact of these devices in their system well in advance. Since the operation, plug-in timing and energy consumption of the EVs is subject to uncertainty; probabilistic tools must be used in order to assess the impacts of these devices on the grid. A natural way to investigate the impact of these devices on distribution networks is by means of Monte Carlo simulations, as it is proposed in this paper. Since it is of paramount importance to set up realistic scenarios, a data set of real driving behavior for 34,000 drivers from the Chicago area is used. This work considers two different types of distribution loads, commercial and residential; and it also considers two different charging scenarios, charge-at-home-only and charge-at-work-and-home.
{"title":"Assessment of plug-in electric vehicles charging on distribution networks","authors":"Tsz-Kin Au, M. Ortega-Vazquez","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672714","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles' (EVs) penetration is expected to grow rapidly in the near future due to their low operating costs and low emissions as compared to conventional, fossil-fuel-powered vehicles. It is therefore essential for utilities to be equipped with the necessary tools to investigate the impact of these devices in their system well in advance. Since the operation, plug-in timing and energy consumption of the EVs is subject to uncertainty; probabilistic tools must be used in order to assess the impacts of these devices on the grid. A natural way to investigate the impact of these devices on distribution networks is by means of Monte Carlo simulations, as it is proposed in this paper. Since it is of paramount importance to set up realistic scenarios, a data set of real driving behavior for 34,000 drivers from the Chicago area is used. This work considers two different types of distribution loads, commercial and residential; and it also considers two different charging scenarios, charge-at-home-only and charge-at-work-and-home.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672340
G. Karady, Andrew Rogers, Varun Iyengar
The paper presents the construction and implementation of an accurate PSCAD model of the pilot protection system designed for use in the next generation FREEDM distribution system. This pilot system features a central microcontroller which uses an algorithm to process data that is communicated from current transformers connected to sampling devices. The indicated system is based on differential relay protection concepts. Using the proposed algorithm the system is capable of recognizing the existence of a fault much faster than traditional protection schemes. The model's control logic and behavior are matched to the hardware prototype. The completed model is integrated into the IEEE 34-bus test feeder and multiple simulation experiments are conducted to test the feasibility of the pilot system in a large scale, multi-load, radial distribution system with distributed energy generation.
{"title":"Feasibility of fast pilot protection for multi-load distribution systems","authors":"G. Karady, Andrew Rogers, Varun Iyengar","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672340","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the construction and implementation of an accurate PSCAD model of the pilot protection system designed for use in the next generation FREEDM distribution system. This pilot system features a central microcontroller which uses an algorithm to process data that is communicated from current transformers connected to sampling devices. The indicated system is based on differential relay protection concepts. Using the proposed algorithm the system is capable of recognizing the existence of a fault much faster than traditional protection schemes. The model's control logic and behavior are matched to the hardware prototype. The completed model is integrated into the IEEE 34-bus test feeder and multiple simulation experiments are conducted to test the feasibility of the pilot system in a large scale, multi-load, radial distribution system with distributed energy generation.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124310783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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