Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672743
Mancheol Shin, F. Therrien, J. Jatskevich
This paper presents the modeling and transient simulation studies of smart building power networks (BPNs) using PSCAD. A typical BPN is modeled based on the real load characteristics of a medium-sized office building, and a UPS with multiple static transfer switches is included to protect the system while uninterruptedly feeding critical loads. It is envisioned that in future smart buildings the critical loads will be selected and protected in real time using the flexibility inherent to the UPS and the static transfer switches. The simulation of an outage is carried out and the subsequent transient phenomena are analyzed. The simulation results show that the given BPN can remain stable during the outage and the effects of the distribution automation on the grid is outlined. This paper will contribute to the studies of more complex BPN distribution automation schemes.
{"title":"Modeling and transient simulation studies of smart buildings power networks with UPS and distribution automation","authors":"Mancheol Shin, F. Therrien, J. Jatskevich","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672743","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the modeling and transient simulation studies of smart building power networks (BPNs) using PSCAD. A typical BPN is modeled based on the real load characteristics of a medium-sized office building, and a UPS with multiple static transfer switches is included to protect the system while uninterruptedly feeding critical loads. It is envisioned that in future smart buildings the critical loads will be selected and protected in real time using the flexibility inherent to the UPS and the static transfer switches. The simulation of an outage is carried out and the subsequent transient phenomena are analyzed. The simulation results show that the given BPN can remain stable during the outage and the effects of the distribution automation on the grid is outlined. This paper will contribute to the studies of more complex BPN distribution automation schemes.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672924
Zhaoxi Liu, Qiuwei Wu, A. Nielsen, J. Ostergaard, Yi Ding
This paper presents the heat pump (HP) demand profile with high HP penetration in the Nordic area in order to achieve the carbon neutrality power system. The calculation method in the European Standard EN14825 was used to estimate the HP electricity demand profile. The study results show there will be high power demand from HPs and the selection of supplemental heating for heat pumps has a big impact on the peak electrical power load of heating. The study in this paper gives an estimate of the scale of the electricity demand with high penetration of heat pumps in the Nordic area.
{"title":"Electricity demand profile with high penetration of heat pumps in Nordic area","authors":"Zhaoxi Liu, Qiuwei Wu, A. Nielsen, J. Ostergaard, Yi Ding","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672924","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the heat pump (HP) demand profile with high HP penetration in the Nordic area in order to achieve the carbon neutrality power system. The calculation method in the European Standard EN14825 was used to estimate the HP electricity demand profile. The study results show there will be high power demand from HPs and the selection of supplemental heating for heat pumps has a big impact on the peak electrical power load of heating. The study in this paper gives an estimate of the scale of the electricity demand with high penetration of heat pumps in the Nordic area.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115371661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672266
Xu Yang, B. Zeng, Jianhua Zhang
This paper proposes an improved self-adaptive harmony search algorithm (ISHSA) for distribution system planning (DSP). Harmony search algorithm (HSA) is an intelligent swarm algorithm based on a mimic of musical improvisation process inspired by the musicians try to find a better harmony through repeatedly exercise, which has been applied in various electrical engineering problems. However, it suffers from searching efficacy tardiness when applied in large-scale nonlinear mixed integer programming (NMIP) problem, such as DSP. In this work, a novel encoding methodology is proposed to increase search efficiency as well as handle non-radial structure problem particularly in DSP. In addition, a self-adaptive expedition strategy is also developed so as to make the algorithm less sensitive to initial parameters setting. A 10kV electrical distribution system feeding an urban area with 25-node is presented for a real case application. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed ISHSA in search efficiency on comparison with the standard HAS, as well as simulated annealing algorithm.
{"title":"An improved self-adaptive harmony search algorithm for distribution system planning","authors":"Xu Yang, B. Zeng, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672266","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an improved self-adaptive harmony search algorithm (ISHSA) for distribution system planning (DSP). Harmony search algorithm (HSA) is an intelligent swarm algorithm based on a mimic of musical improvisation process inspired by the musicians try to find a better harmony through repeatedly exercise, which has been applied in various electrical engineering problems. However, it suffers from searching efficacy tardiness when applied in large-scale nonlinear mixed integer programming (NMIP) problem, such as DSP. In this work, a novel encoding methodology is proposed to increase search efficiency as well as handle non-radial structure problem particularly in DSP. In addition, a self-adaptive expedition strategy is also developed so as to make the algorithm less sensitive to initial parameters setting. A 10kV electrical distribution system feeding an urban area with 25-node is presented for a real case application. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed ISHSA in search efficiency on comparison with the standard HAS, as well as simulated annealing algorithm.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121815517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672439
S. Ramos, J. Soares, Z. Vale, Sérgio Ramos
Load forecasting has gradually becoming a major field of research in electricity industry. Therefore, Load forecasting is extremely important for the electric sector under deregulated environment as it provides a useful support to the power system management. Accurate power load forecasting models are required to the operation and planning of a utility company, and they have received increasing attention from researches of this field study. Many mathematical methods have been developed for load forecasting. This work aims to develop and implement a load forecasting method for short-term load forecasting (STLF), based on Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and an artificial neural network (ANN). One of the main contributions of this paper is the application of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing approach to the forecasting problem and, as an evaluation of the past forecasting work, data mining techniques are also applied to short-term Load forecasting. Both ANN and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing approaches are compared and evaluated.
{"title":"Short-term load forecasting based on load profiling","authors":"S. Ramos, J. Soares, Z. Vale, Sérgio Ramos","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672439","url":null,"abstract":"Load forecasting has gradually becoming a major field of research in electricity industry. Therefore, Load forecasting is extremely important for the electric sector under deregulated environment as it provides a useful support to the power system management. Accurate power load forecasting models are required to the operation and planning of a utility company, and they have received increasing attention from researches of this field study. Many mathematical methods have been developed for load forecasting. This work aims to develop and implement a load forecasting method for short-term load forecasting (STLF), based on Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and an artificial neural network (ANN). One of the main contributions of this paper is the application of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing approach to the forecasting problem and, as an evaluation of the past forecasting work, data mining techniques are also applied to short-term Load forecasting. Both ANN and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing approaches are compared and evaluated.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116911374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672375
Li Wang, Chun-Jui Yeh, M. Hsieh, Cheng-Tai Wu, Chieh-Lung Lu
When a large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) is connected to a power system, the power quality of the connected power system can be significantly deteriorated under various operating conditions and employed parameters. This paper presents the analyzed results of voltage variations and short-circuit ratio (SCR) of Taiwan Power System connected with a large-scale OWF of 100 MW using a commercial power-system simulation software. Ten ultra-high-voltage bus of onshore substations that are close to the potential OWF are properly selected as the connection points. The voltage variations and SCR results at the connection points under different lengths of submarine cable are accomplished and analyzed when the OWF is connected to the selected buses. The simulated results can offer a reference for the development of OWFs in Taiwan in the near future.
{"title":"Analysis of voltage variations and short-circuit ratios of a large-scale offshore wind farm connected to a practical power system","authors":"Li Wang, Chun-Jui Yeh, M. Hsieh, Cheng-Tai Wu, Chieh-Lung Lu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672375","url":null,"abstract":"When a large-scale offshore wind farm (OWF) is connected to a power system, the power quality of the connected power system can be significantly deteriorated under various operating conditions and employed parameters. This paper presents the analyzed results of voltage variations and short-circuit ratio (SCR) of Taiwan Power System connected with a large-scale OWF of 100 MW using a commercial power-system simulation software. Ten ultra-high-voltage bus of onshore substations that are close to the potential OWF are properly selected as the connection points. The voltage variations and SCR results at the connection points under different lengths of submarine cable are accomplished and analyzed when the OWF is connected to the selected buses. The simulated results can offer a reference for the development of OWFs in Taiwan in the near future.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116985321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672750
Wenpeng Luan, D. Sharp, Stephen LaRoy
This paper examines an implemented practical utility AMI network, analyzes meter data size and data traffic volume in several key AMI system nodes such the smart meter, meter data collector, data center firewall, metering system head-end, and meter data repository. Acknowledging that AMI solutions are different from utility to utility and therefore the data traffic volume and pattern flow through each AMI network will be different depending on the metering system and its implementation, this study provides a practical reference and traffic benchmark for future AMI project planning and implementation.
{"title":"Data traffic analysis of utility smart metering network","authors":"Wenpeng Luan, D. Sharp, Stephen LaRoy","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672750","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines an implemented practical utility AMI network, analyzes meter data size and data traffic volume in several key AMI system nodes such the smart meter, meter data collector, data center firewall, metering system head-end, and meter data repository. Acknowledging that AMI solutions are different from utility to utility and therefore the data traffic volume and pattern flow through each AMI network will be different depending on the metering system and its implementation, this study provides a practical reference and traffic benchmark for future AMI project planning and implementation.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117204169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672207
Xiangping Kong, Zhe Zhang, Fei Wang, Xianggen Yin
In order to solve the problems of traditional distance protection when it is used as back-up protection, a novel substation back-up protection scheme based on communication channel of pilot protection is proposed. According to comprehensive decision-making result of action states of protections in local substation and fault detection information transmitted by adjacent substations, the functions of proposed substation back-up protection are realized. Finally, a simulation model of IEEE 10-generator-39-node system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to test the performance of proposed substation back-up protection. Simulation results show the proposed substation back-up protection has excellent performance even in condition of fail-to trip of primary protection, DC power supply failure and heavy flow transfer. The proposed substation back-up protection can quicken the tripping of back-up protection and improve sensitivity.
{"title":"A novel substation back-up protection based on communication channel of pilot protection","authors":"Xiangping Kong, Zhe Zhang, Fei Wang, Xianggen Yin","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672207","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the problems of traditional distance protection when it is used as back-up protection, a novel substation back-up protection scheme based on communication channel of pilot protection is proposed. According to comprehensive decision-making result of action states of protections in local substation and fault detection information transmitted by adjacent substations, the functions of proposed substation back-up protection are realized. Finally, a simulation model of IEEE 10-generator-39-node system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to test the performance of proposed substation back-up protection. Simulation results show the proposed substation back-up protection has excellent performance even in condition of fail-to trip of primary protection, DC power supply failure and heavy flow transfer. The proposed substation back-up protection can quicken the tripping of back-up protection and improve sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127135902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672167
H. Farahmand, T. Aigner, G. Doorman, M. Korpås, D. H. Hernando
Summary form only given. Increased production flexibility will be needed for the operation of a future power system with more uncertainty due to an increased share of uncontrollable generation from renewable sources. Wind energy is expected to cover a large portion of the future renewable generation. In this paper, a comparison is carried out between two balancing market models, simulating a non- and fully-integrated northern European market in a future 2030 scenario. Wind power is modelled based on high resolution numerical weather prediction models and wind speed measurement for actual and forecasted wind power production. The day-ahead dispatch and balancing energy markets are settled separately. First, the day-ahead market is modelled with simultaneous reserve procurement for northern continental Europe. Available transmission capacity is taken into account in the reserve procurement phase. In a second step, the balancing energy market is modelled as a real-time power dispatch on the basis of the day-ahead market clearing results. The results show the benefit of balancing market integration for the handling of variable production. Cost savings are obtained from balancing market integration due to less activation of reserves resulting from imbalance netting and increased availability of cheaper balancing resources when integrating larger geographical areas.
{"title":"Balancing market integration in the Northern European continent: A 2030 case study","authors":"H. Farahmand, T. Aigner, G. Doorman, M. Korpås, D. H. Hernando","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672167","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Increased production flexibility will be needed for the operation of a future power system with more uncertainty due to an increased share of uncontrollable generation from renewable sources. Wind energy is expected to cover a large portion of the future renewable generation. In this paper, a comparison is carried out between two balancing market models, simulating a non- and fully-integrated northern European market in a future 2030 scenario. Wind power is modelled based on high resolution numerical weather prediction models and wind speed measurement for actual and forecasted wind power production. The day-ahead dispatch and balancing energy markets are settled separately. First, the day-ahead market is modelled with simultaneous reserve procurement for northern continental Europe. Available transmission capacity is taken into account in the reserve procurement phase. In a second step, the balancing energy market is modelled as a real-time power dispatch on the basis of the day-ahead market clearing results. The results show the benefit of balancing market integration for the handling of variable production. Cost savings are obtained from balancing market integration due to less activation of reserves resulting from imbalance netting and increased availability of cheaper balancing resources when integrating larger geographical areas.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127238506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672713
Yufei Tang, Haibo He, J. Wen
In this paper, a particle swarm optimization with ε-greedy (ePSO) algorithm and group search optimizer (GSO) algorithm are compared with the classic PSO algorithm for the optimal control of DFIG wind generation based on small signal stability analysis (SSSA). In the modified ePSO algorithm, the cooperative learning principle among particles has been introduced, namely, particles not only adjust its own flying speed according to itself and the best individual of the swarm but also learn from other best particles according to certain probability. The proposed ePSO algorithm has been tested on benchmark functions and demonstrated its effectiveness in high-dimension multi-modal optimization. Then ePSO is employed to tune the controller parameters of DFIG based wind generation. Results obtained by ePSO are compared with classic PSO and GSO, demonstrating the improved performance of the proposed ePSO algorithm.
{"title":"Optimized control of DFIG based wind generation using swarm intelligence","authors":"Yufei Tang, Haibo He, J. Wen","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672713","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a particle swarm optimization with ε-greedy (ePSO) algorithm and group search optimizer (GSO) algorithm are compared with the classic PSO algorithm for the optimal control of DFIG wind generation based on small signal stability analysis (SSSA). In the modified ePSO algorithm, the cooperative learning principle among particles has been introduced, namely, particles not only adjust its own flying speed according to itself and the best individual of the swarm but also learn from other best particles according to certain probability. The proposed ePSO algorithm has been tested on benchmark functions and demonstrated its effectiveness in high-dimension multi-modal optimization. Then ePSO is employed to tune the controller parameters of DFIG based wind generation. Results obtained by ePSO are compared with classic PSO and GSO, demonstrating the improved performance of the proposed ePSO algorithm.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127279495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672085
C. H. Dharmakeerthi, N. Mithulananthan, T. Saha
The Electric Vehicle (EV) has become the sustainable alternative to fossil fuel driven automobiles. As a result, a new type of load is being seen on power systems. Hence, provision of an EV charging infrastructure has become a new challenge for power system engineers worldwide. It has been identified that the voltage dependent nature of EV load may lead to voltage instabilities in the system. Furthermore, significant load integration into the distribution system may overload the system components, increase power system losses and may violate system constraints. Despite these factors EV consumers should be provided with convenient and reliable charging facilities. Hence, the identification of a charging infrastructure which satisfies requirements of both the EV customer and the power system is of primary importance. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based approach is considered here for planning of EV charging infrastructure.
{"title":"Planning of electric vehicle charging infrastructure","authors":"C. H. Dharmakeerthi, N. Mithulananthan, T. Saha","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672085","url":null,"abstract":"The Electric Vehicle (EV) has become the sustainable alternative to fossil fuel driven automobiles. As a result, a new type of load is being seen on power systems. Hence, provision of an EV charging infrastructure has become a new challenge for power system engineers worldwide. It has been identified that the voltage dependent nature of EV load may lead to voltage instabilities in the system. Furthermore, significant load integration into the distribution system may overload the system components, increase power system losses and may violate system constraints. Despite these factors EV consumers should be provided with convenient and reliable charging facilities. Hence, the identification of a charging infrastructure which satisfies requirements of both the EV customer and the power system is of primary importance. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) based approach is considered here for planning of EV charging infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124800137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：