Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672923
Rui Yang, G. Hug-Glanzmann
FACTS devices provide the opportunity to improve the utilization of the existing transmission capacity and to enhance system security by enabling power flow control. In this paper, corrective power flow control enabled by FACTS devices is used to minimize a risk-based formulation for system security. For the determination of the optimal device settings, a two-stage regression-based approach is developed which allows adjusting the device settings using only the information received from a few key measurements in the system. Simulations for the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) illustrate the performance of this regression-based approach.
{"title":"Regression-based corrective power flow control for system risk minimization","authors":"Rui Yang, G. Hug-Glanzmann","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672923","url":null,"abstract":"FACTS devices provide the opportunity to improve the utilization of the existing transmission capacity and to enhance system security by enabling power flow control. In this paper, corrective power flow control enabled by FACTS devices is used to minimize a risk-based formulation for system security. For the determination of the optimal device settings, a two-stage regression-based approach is developed which allows adjusting the device settings using only the information received from a few key measurements in the system. Simulations for the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) illustrate the performance of this regression-based approach.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128520595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672317
S. Mazumder, A. Ghosh, Firuz Zare
Single phase distributed energy resources (DERs) can cause voltage rise along distribution feeder and power imbalance among the phases. Usually transformer tap setting are used to mitigate voltage drop along feeders. However this can aggravate the voltage rise problem when DERs are connected. Moreover if the power generation in a phase is more than its load demand, the excess power in that phase will be fed back to the transmission network. In this paper, a unified power quality compensator (UPQC) has been utilized to alleviate the voltage quality excess power circulation problems. Through analysis and simulation results, the mode of operation of UPQC is highlighted. The proposals are validated through extensive digital computer simulation studies using PSCAD and MATLAB.
{"title":"Voltage quality improvement in distribution networks containing DERs using UPQC","authors":"S. Mazumder, A. Ghosh, Firuz Zare","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672317","url":null,"abstract":"Single phase distributed energy resources (DERs) can cause voltage rise along distribution feeder and power imbalance among the phases. Usually transformer tap setting are used to mitigate voltage drop along feeders. However this can aggravate the voltage rise problem when DERs are connected. Moreover if the power generation in a phase is more than its load demand, the excess power in that phase will be fed back to the transmission network. In this paper, a unified power quality compensator (UPQC) has been utilized to alleviate the voltage quality excess power circulation problems. Through analysis and simulation results, the mode of operation of UPQC is highlighted. The proposals are validated through extensive digital computer simulation studies using PSCAD and MATLAB.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128610208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672486
Yang Gu, Zheng Zhou, R. Bo, Lynn Hecker, Jie Yan, James Okullo
This paper presents a methodology to quantify the economic benefits of having centralized energy market and ancillary services market. A long-term production cost simulation model, which performs security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) and security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED), is employed to simulate the operating conditions of the system with and without the energy and ancillary services market. The proposed methodology is used in the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. (MISO)'s Value Proposition study, which looks into the value provided by MISO to its market participants and their customers.
{"title":"Quantifying the benefits of energy and ancillary services market","authors":"Yang Gu, Zheng Zhou, R. Bo, Lynn Hecker, Jie Yan, James Okullo","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672486","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology to quantify the economic benefits of having centralized energy market and ancillary services market. A long-term production cost simulation model, which performs security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) and security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED), is employed to simulate the operating conditions of the system with and without the energy and ancillary services market. The proposed methodology is used in the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. (MISO)'s Value Proposition study, which looks into the value provided by MISO to its market participants and their customers.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129239062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672446
Hansong Su, Ravi Mutukutti, David Apps
In the absence of rotor speed as a measured variable with acceptable resolution and accuracy, exciter manufacturers drive speed from other measurements. A common method used in the dual input PSS2A and PSS2B stabilizers is to derive the speed deviation Δω input by using generator internal voltage behind quadrature reactance Xq. The Xq of a synchronous machine deviates from the synchronous value when rotor speed oscillates during a disturbance, which is not always considered or analyzed in adequate depth in the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) time domain simulations during PSS planning, tuning and validation with respect to local mode and inter-area mode oscillations. Inappropriate Xq setting without considering its variations may result in underperformance of the PSS. This paper discusses the impact of the variable Xq on the PSS performance at local mode and inter-area mode. An appropriate Xq setting with emphasis in damping inter-area mode oscillations and a set of ramp tracking filter settings with low gain at local mode were recommended in a case study to ensure satisfactory PSS performance in both local mode and inter-area mode.
{"title":"Impacts of variable quadrature reactance on power system stabilizer performance","authors":"Hansong Su, Ravi Mutukutti, David Apps","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672446","url":null,"abstract":"In the absence of rotor speed as a measured variable with acceptable resolution and accuracy, exciter manufacturers drive speed from other measurements. A common method used in the dual input PSS2A and PSS2B stabilizers is to derive the speed deviation Δω input by using generator internal voltage behind quadrature reactance Xq. The Xq of a synchronous machine deviates from the synchronous value when rotor speed oscillates during a disturbance, which is not always considered or analyzed in adequate depth in the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) time domain simulations during PSS planning, tuning and validation with respect to local mode and inter-area mode oscillations. Inappropriate Xq setting without considering its variations may result in underperformance of the PSS. This paper discusses the impact of the variable Xq on the PSS performance at local mode and inter-area mode. An appropriate Xq setting with emphasis in damping inter-area mode oscillations and a set of ramp tracking filter settings with low gain at local mode were recommended in a case study to ensure satisfactory PSS performance in both local mode and inter-area mode.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129336179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672982
D. Boteler, A. J. C. Lackey, L. Marti, S. Shelemy
Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) can pose a problem for power system operation. To assess the geomagnetic threat requires modelling of the GIC in the power system. However, as well as the characteristics of the system itself, GIC are affected by connections to neighbouring systems. This paper considers three choices of equivalent circuit for a neighbouring system. Model calculations are made for the Ontario system with equivalent circuits for the neighbouring Manitoba system, and vice versa. Values from these calculations are compared with the exact values determined from model calculations for the combined Ontario and Manitoba systems. The calculations with equivalent circuits produce errors in the GIC at substations that diminish with increasing distance of the substation from the connection to the neighbour. Comparison of the results showed that the best choice for an equivalent circuit comprises the induced voltage and resistance for the first transmission line into the neighbouring system.
{"title":"Equivalent circuits for modelling geomagnetically induced currents from a neighbouring network","authors":"D. Boteler, A. J. C. Lackey, L. Marti, S. Shelemy","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672982","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) can pose a problem for power system operation. To assess the geomagnetic threat requires modelling of the GIC in the power system. However, as well as the characteristics of the system itself, GIC are affected by connections to neighbouring systems. This paper considers three choices of equivalent circuit for a neighbouring system. Model calculations are made for the Ontario system with equivalent circuits for the neighbouring Manitoba system, and vice versa. Values from these calculations are compared with the exact values determined from model calculations for the combined Ontario and Manitoba systems. The calculations with equivalent circuits produce errors in the GIC at substations that diminish with increasing distance of the substation from the connection to the neighbour. Comparison of the results showed that the best choice for an equivalent circuit comprises the induced voltage and resistance for the first transmission line into the neighbouring system.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129338594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672095
Sarasij Das, T. Sidhu
Synchrophasors are increasingly used in the wide area monitoring applications. Computational window lengths of the practical synchrophasor estimation filters are often multiple fundamental cycles long to achieve robustness. In many situations, the window length of the synchrophasor estimation filter is greater than the fault clearing time. In this case, there are not enough fault samples within the window to compute a synchrophasor corresponding to the fault condition. So, transient state synchrophasors are only available for use in this case. A fault transient synchrophasor is computed over a window consisting of pre-fault and fault samples. Currently, these transient synchrophasors are discarded and generally not used in the applications. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to compute fault voltage/current synchrophasor from a fault transient synchrophasor value. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is that this algorithm can be used in a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). The proposed algorithm is simple, noniterative and performs satisfactorily in presence of noise. One possible application of the proposed algorithm is in the fault location on transmission lines where the fault clearing time is lower than the estimation filter window length.
{"title":"A new algorithm to compute fault synchrophasor from transient state synchrophasor in PDC","authors":"Sarasij Das, T. Sidhu","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672095","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrophasors are increasingly used in the wide area monitoring applications. Computational window lengths of the practical synchrophasor estimation filters are often multiple fundamental cycles long to achieve robustness. In many situations, the window length of the synchrophasor estimation filter is greater than the fault clearing time. In this case, there are not enough fault samples within the window to compute a synchrophasor corresponding to the fault condition. So, transient state synchrophasors are only available for use in this case. A fault transient synchrophasor is computed over a window consisting of pre-fault and fault samples. Currently, these transient synchrophasors are discarded and generally not used in the applications. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to compute fault voltage/current synchrophasor from a fault transient synchrophasor value. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is that this algorithm can be used in a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). The proposed algorithm is simple, noniterative and performs satisfactorily in presence of noise. One possible application of the proposed algorithm is in the fault location on transmission lines where the fault clearing time is lower than the estimation filter window length.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130294976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673033
Quan Zhou, Bolin Zheng, Caisheng Wang, Junhui Zhao, Yang Wang
Fault location has been an important and challenging task in distribution network management. The issue has become more complicated when more distributed generation (DG) are added to distribution networks. This paper presents a fault location method by developing a new switch function to process the ON/OFF information of circuit breakers/switches for distribution networks with multiple DG sources. The proposed detection method is based on a binary hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), which targets for solving “premature convergence” issues. It is a two-population evolution scheme with information exchange mechanism. The algorithm can adaptively accommodate the changes caused by multiple DGs. The proposed method is used to locate multiple fault sections in multi-source distribution networks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can identify either single or multiple faults accurately and efficiently with the tolerance capability of error messages.
{"title":"Fault location for distribution networks with distributed generation sources using a hybrid DE/PSO algorithm","authors":"Quan Zhou, Bolin Zheng, Caisheng Wang, Junhui Zhao, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673033","url":null,"abstract":"Fault location has been an important and challenging task in distribution network management. The issue has become more complicated when more distributed generation (DG) are added to distribution networks. This paper presents a fault location method by developing a new switch function to process the ON/OFF information of circuit breakers/switches for distribution networks with multiple DG sources. The proposed detection method is based on a binary hybrid algorithm of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE), which targets for solving “premature convergence” issues. It is a two-population evolution scheme with information exchange mechanism. The algorithm can adaptively accommodate the changes caused by multiple DGs. The proposed method is used to locate multiple fault sections in multi-source distribution networks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can identify either single or multiple faults accurately and efficiently with the tolerance capability of error messages.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130400734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672413
Sang-Seung Lee, Y. Yoon, S. Moon, Jong-keun Park
This paper presents a power system operation optimization algorithm including VSC-HVDC (Voltage Source Converter - High-Voltage Direct Current) lines using PD-IP (primal-dual interior point) Newton-type OPF (optimal power flow). The VSC-HVDC links have the ability to exert instantaneous power control in neighboring AC systems. Moreover, the VSC-HVDC technology is fit for meeting the growing needs of the DER (distributed energy resource) connection, such as with wind power generation in power systems. The output results for the voltage and the angle are shown by the simulation for the insertion of VSC-HVDC line in the IEEE 30-bus power system. Simulations are executed by the MATPOWER (MATLAB power system simulation) tool for the optimal power flow.
{"title":"VSC-HVDC model-based power system optimal power flow algorithm and analysis","authors":"Sang-Seung Lee, Y. Yoon, S. Moon, Jong-keun Park","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a power system operation optimization algorithm including VSC-HVDC (Voltage Source Converter - High-Voltage Direct Current) lines using PD-IP (primal-dual interior point) Newton-type OPF (optimal power flow). The VSC-HVDC links have the ability to exert instantaneous power control in neighboring AC systems. Moreover, the VSC-HVDC technology is fit for meeting the growing needs of the DER (distributed energy resource) connection, such as with wind power generation in power systems. The output results for the voltage and the angle are shown by the simulation for the insertion of VSC-HVDC line in the IEEE 30-bus power system. Simulations are executed by the MATPOWER (MATLAB power system simulation) tool for the optimal power flow.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130498001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672705
K. Martin
Synchrophasor measurement has evolved from a concept in the 1980's to a significant enabler of transmission and grid integration. It is a key ingredient to wide area monitoring, enabling operators to observe the increasing complexity brought about by increased integration of systems and high penetration of renewables. The IEEE has kept pace by sponsoring development of standards and guides for synchrophasor technology to assure smooth integration of equipment. This paper outlines four recently developed or updated standards and guides sponsored by the Power System Relaying Committee. The first standard was the IEEE Standard 1344, published in 1995. This has evolved into the current standards: C37.118.1-2011 for performance of synchrophasor measurements and C37.118.2-2011 for transfer of synchrophasor data. In addition we now have C37.242-2012 a guide for timing, and testing synchrophasor systems and C37.242-2012 a guide for phasor data concentrators (PDC).
{"title":"Synchrophasor standards and guides for the smart grid","authors":"K. Martin","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6672705","url":null,"abstract":"Synchrophasor measurement has evolved from a concept in the 1980's to a significant enabler of transmission and grid integration. It is a key ingredient to wide area monitoring, enabling operators to observe the increasing complexity brought about by increased integration of systems and high penetration of renewables. The IEEE has kept pace by sponsoring development of standards and guides for synchrophasor technology to assure smooth integration of equipment. This paper outlines four recently developed or updated standards and guides sponsored by the Power System Relaying Committee. The first standard was the IEEE Standard 1344, published in 1995. This has evolved into the current standards: C37.118.1-2011 for performance of synchrophasor measurements and C37.118.2-2011 for transfer of synchrophasor data. In addition we now have C37.242-2012 a guide for timing, and testing synchrophasor systems and C37.242-2012 a guide for phasor data concentrators (PDC).","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126857659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-21DOI: 10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673027
Saranga Menike, P. Yahampath, A. Rajapakse, A. Alfa
We presents a queuing theoretic approach to model a packet-oriented data network which links a set of phasor measurement units (PMU) to a phasor data concentrator (PDC) in a wide area monitoring, protection and control system (WAMPaCS). The PMU-PDC communication network is approximated as a cyclic polling system and the associated Markov chain is set up. Based on this model, closed-form expressions are derived for important reliability measures such as the packet loss probability and the communication delay. We then demonstrate how the proposed model can be used to predict the impact of the number of data sources on the network, as well as the buffer capacity of the network switches on the overall reliability of the communication link. An important property of the proposed model is that it's computational complexity is only linear in the number of data sources connected, making it suitable for the study of large systems.
{"title":"Queuing-theoretic modeling of a PMU communication network","authors":"Saranga Menike, P. Yahampath, A. Rajapakse, A. Alfa","doi":"10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESMG.2013.6673027","url":null,"abstract":"We presents a queuing theoretic approach to model a packet-oriented data network which links a set of phasor measurement units (PMU) to a phasor data concentrator (PDC) in a wide area monitoring, protection and control system (WAMPaCS). The PMU-PDC communication network is approximated as a cyclic polling system and the associated Markov chain is set up. Based on this model, closed-form expressions are derived for important reliability measures such as the packet loss probability and the communication delay. We then demonstrate how the proposed model can be used to predict the impact of the number of data sources on the network, as well as the buffer capacity of the network switches on the overall reliability of the communication link. An important property of the proposed model is that it's computational complexity is only linear in the number of data sources connected, making it suitable for the study of large systems.","PeriodicalId":433870,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126954670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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