R. D. Murray, K. Kerr, C. Brunton, Jennifer Williams, Tiffany DeWitt, K. Wulf
Background: Childhood malnutrition remains far too common around the world today. In this paper, we discuss pediatric malnutrition in the context of protein-energy undernutrition and hidden hunger (single or multiple micronutrient deficiencies). Recent growth statistics show that nearly 150 million children under 5 years are stunted, and 50 million are wasted. At the same time, millions more children experience undernutrition of lesser severity but with negative effects on growth nonetheless. Beyond poor growth, such nutrient shortfalls can predispose children to impaired physical and mental development, which may have lifelong consequences. The World Health Organization recently set an aspirational goal “to end all forms of childhood malnutrition by 2030.” Plan of Action: Our paper proposes a stepwise strategy to raise awareness of childhood malnutrition risk and to work toward building a consensus on pediatric malnutrition screening as a pathway to ending childhood malnutrition. In a full plan for action, we propose to convene an expert Working Consensus Group on Pediatric Nutrition Screening (WCG-PNS). We propose that this group will work to (1) identify malnutrition screening tools specific for universal screening of children in hospital and community settings, (2) plan and lead healthcare professional training on how to screen for malnutrition risk, then take appropriate follow-up steps, (3) guide and advise quality improvement programs (QIPs) to facilitate incorporation of nutrition screening and interventions into everyday practice, and (4) measure and communicate potential findings in terms of health and financial outcomes. Conclusion: We recognize an urgent need for universal screening of infants and children for nutritional risk—around the world and across the continuum of care. Such screening is expected to promote early identification of children who can benefit from nutrition interventions, then ensure that these children get needed nutritional support. In this way, we aim to prevent growth impairment, which has also been associated with adverse effects on mental and physical development.
{"title":"A First Step Towards Eliminating Malnutrition: A Proposal for Universal Nutrition Screening in Pediatric Practice","authors":"R. D. Murray, K. Kerr, C. Brunton, Jennifer Williams, Tiffany DeWitt, K. Wulf","doi":"10.2147/NDS.S287981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S287981","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood malnutrition remains far too common around the world today. In this paper, we discuss pediatric malnutrition in the context of protein-energy undernutrition and hidden hunger (single or multiple micronutrient deficiencies). Recent growth statistics show that nearly 150 million children under 5 years are stunted, and 50 million are wasted. At the same time, millions more children experience undernutrition of lesser severity but with negative effects on growth nonetheless. Beyond poor growth, such nutrient shortfalls can predispose children to impaired physical and mental development, which may have lifelong consequences. The World Health Organization recently set an aspirational goal “to end all forms of childhood malnutrition by 2030.” Plan of Action: Our paper proposes a stepwise strategy to raise awareness of childhood malnutrition risk and to work toward building a consensus on pediatric malnutrition screening as a pathway to ending childhood malnutrition. In a full plan for action, we propose to convene an expert Working Consensus Group on Pediatric Nutrition Screening (WCG-PNS). We propose that this group will work to (1) identify malnutrition screening tools specific for universal screening of children in hospital and community settings, (2) plan and lead healthcare professional training on how to screen for malnutrition risk, then take appropriate follow-up steps, (3) guide and advise quality improvement programs (QIPs) to facilitate incorporation of nutrition screening and interventions into everyday practice, and (4) measure and communicate potential findings in terms of health and financial outcomes. Conclusion: We recognize an urgent need for universal screening of infants and children for nutritional risk—around the world and across the continuum of care. Such screening is expected to promote early identification of children who can benefit from nutrition interventions, then ensure that these children get needed nutritional support. In this way, we aim to prevent growth impairment, which has also been associated with adverse effects on mental and physical development.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46585032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Iodine deficiency disorders remain a major public health problem globally, and more than a quarter of the world’s population is affected by this micronutrient deficiency. The problem is even worse in developing countries including Ethiopia, and the government has been implementing globally recommended universal salt iodization as one strategy to control iodine deficiency disorders. The objective of this study was to assess iodine content of salt used in households, and associated factors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2017 in Gidami district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 470 household food caterers partici-pated in the study by using random sampling method. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire and rapid iodized salt test kit to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practices and iodine content of the salt. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of iodine level in the salt using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: Among the household salt samples, 83.6% were found to be iodized (>0ppm) while 29.8% (95% CI: 25.8, 33.9%) were found to be adequately iodized. Respondents who had formal education [AOR=1.82, 95% CI: (1.42, 3.53)], had an occupation [AOR=4.78, 95% CI: (1.55–14.73)], did not expose salt to sunlight [AOR=1.13, 95% CI: (1.10–1.27)] had good knowledge of iodized salt [AOR=1.184, 95% CI: (1.103, 1.328)], and had good practice regarding iodized salt [AOR=1.32, 95% CI: (1.717, 2.442)] were more likely to have adequately iodized salt at household level. Conclusion: According to this study, the availability of adequately iodized salt at household level was below global and national target of universal iodine utilization. This study suggested the importance of paying more attention to availability of iodine fortification and increasing awareness regarding the importance of iodized salt and potential factors such as utilization practice and handling of iodized salt.
{"title":"Iodine Level of Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Gidami District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Abulu Waga Dinka, Tadesse Kebebe, G. Nega","doi":"10.2147/NDS.S284944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S284944","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Iodine deficiency disorders remain a major public health problem globally, and more than a quarter of the world’s population is affected by this micronutrient deficiency. The problem is even worse in developing countries including Ethiopia, and the government has been implementing globally recommended universal salt iodization as one strategy to control iodine deficiency disorders. The objective of this study was to assess iodine content of salt used in households, and associated factors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2017 in Gidami district, Western Ethiopia. A total of 470 household food caterers partici-pated in the study by using random sampling method. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire and rapid iodized salt test kit to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, practices and iodine content of the salt. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of iodine level in the salt using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Results: Among the household salt samples, 83.6% were found to be iodized (>0ppm) while 29.8% (95% CI: 25.8, 33.9%) were found to be adequately iodized. Respondents who had formal education [AOR=1.82, 95% CI: (1.42, 3.53)], had an occupation [AOR=4.78, 95% CI: (1.55–14.73)], did not expose salt to sunlight [AOR=1.13, 95% CI: (1.10–1.27)] had good knowledge of iodized salt [AOR=1.184, 95% CI: (1.103, 1.328)], and had good practice regarding iodized salt [AOR=1.32, 95% CI: (1.717, 2.442)] were more likely to have adequately iodized salt at household level. Conclusion: According to this study, the availability of adequately iodized salt at household level was below global and national target of universal iodine utilization. This study suggested the importance of paying more attention to availability of iodine fortification and increasing awareness regarding the importance of iodized salt and potential factors such as utilization practice and handling of iodized salt.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Banchamlak Tegegne Berihun, Dagnachew Eyachew Amare, R. Raju, D. T. Ayele, H. Dagne
Background: The sources of edible vegetables in Gondar, Ethiopia, are mainly from irrigation farms grown on the banks of polluted rivers. The aim of the current study was to determine the metallic contamination level of vegetables (Ethiopian kale, cabbage, Swiss chard, lettuce, onion, tomato, and potato), the soil they are grown in, and the water used for irrigation. Methods: The concentrations of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A composite purposive sampling method was used to collect samples from the Keha river irrigation site of Gondar city, Ethiopia. Acid digestion was performed before the samples were analyzed. Microsoft Excel was used for descriptive statistical analysis, and ANOVA was employed to compare the mean difference. Results: In the vegetables samples, the mean concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb (0.23–6.25, 7.41–51.85, and 0–9.52 mg/kg, respectively) were found to be above the limits set by the joint WHO/FAO. Swiss chard and potato were found to contain the highest levels of Pb, while Ethiopian kale was highly contaminated with Cd and Cr. For the soil samples, the Pb (138.09–259.24), Ni (85.18–259.26), and Cd (4.63–20.37) mean concentrations (mg/kg) exceeded the recommended maximum limits set by the FAO. The mean concentrations (in mg/L) of Cr (0.5), Cd (0.046), and Cu (1.80) in the irrigated water samples were above the limit set by US EPA (2004). Conclusion: The vegetables were contaminated with heavy metals that could be unsafe for chronic human consumption. In particular, leafy vegetables showed higher heavy metals levels compared to non-leafy vegetables.
{"title":"Determination of the Level of Metallic Contamination in Irrigation Vegetables, the Soil, and the Water in Gondar City, Ethiopia","authors":"Banchamlak Tegegne Berihun, Dagnachew Eyachew Amare, R. Raju, D. T. Ayele, H. Dagne","doi":"10.2147/NDS.S283451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S283451","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The sources of edible vegetables in Gondar, Ethiopia, are mainly from irrigation farms grown on the banks of polluted rivers. The aim of the current study was to determine the metallic contamination level of vegetables (Ethiopian kale, cabbage, Swiss chard, lettuce, onion, tomato, and potato), the soil they are grown in, and the water used for irrigation. Methods: The concentrations of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A composite purposive sampling method was used to collect samples from the Keha river irrigation site of Gondar city, Ethiopia. Acid digestion was performed before the samples were analyzed. Microsoft Excel was used for descriptive statistical analysis, and ANOVA was employed to compare the mean difference. Results: In the vegetables samples, the mean concentrations of Cd, Ni, and Pb (0.23–6.25, 7.41–51.85, and 0–9.52 mg/kg, respectively) were found to be above the limits set by the joint WHO/FAO. Swiss chard and potato were found to contain the highest levels of Pb, while Ethiopian kale was highly contaminated with Cd and Cr. For the soil samples, the Pb (138.09–259.24), Ni (85.18–259.26), and Cd (4.63–20.37) mean concentrations (mg/kg) exceeded the recommended maximum limits set by the FAO. The mean concentrations (in mg/L) of Cr (0.5), Cd (0.046), and Cu (1.80) in the irrigated water samples were above the limit set by US EPA (2004). Conclusion: The vegetables were contaminated with heavy metals that could be unsafe for chronic human consumption. In particular, leafy vegetables showed higher heavy metals levels compared to non-leafy vegetables.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49009100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yordanos Mezemir, G. Egata, Demelash Geset, Abera Lambebo
Background: Nutritional status of the elderly is one of the important determinants of their health and quality of life. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly population in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the nutritional status and associated factors among the community-dwelling elderly population, in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among a random sample of 347 elderly people living in Debre Berhan town, North Shewa, Ethiopia from April 1–30, 2020. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to STATA14 for analysis. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were done after checking parallel line assumptions with the STATA command “ologit” and “gologit2” for POM and PPOM, respectively. And odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated by “ologit” and “or” . The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Results: A total of 341 elderly groups participated in this study with a response rate of 98.27%. Out of this, 21.1%, 95% CI: (16.4%, 25.2%) were malnourished and 49.3%, 95% CI: (43.9%, 55.3%) were at risk of malnutrition. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression, for being at risk of malnutrition and being malnourished, the following variables were significantly associated; being male, 2.03 (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.63), being aged above 75 years, 2.58 (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.99), living with others, 3 (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.05), not having a care giver, 2.21 (AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.27), lack of formal education, 2.06 (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.57), being in the low category of wealth index, 3.27 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.95, 5.5), having depression, 1.9 (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.94) and alcohol consumption, 1.77 (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.99) were significantly associated. Conclusion: One-fifth of the participants were malnourished and around half of the participants were at risk of malnutrition.
{"title":"Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Yordanos Mezemir, G. Egata, Demelash Geset, Abera Lambebo","doi":"10.2147/nds.s280589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s280589","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutritional status of the elderly is one of the important determinants of their health and quality of life. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly population in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the nutritional status and associated factors among the community-dwelling elderly population, in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among a random sample of 347 elderly people living in Debre Berhan town, North Shewa, Ethiopia from April 1–30, 2020. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to STATA14 for analysis. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were done after checking parallel line assumptions with the STATA command “ologit” and “gologit2” for POM and PPOM, respectively. And odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated by “ologit” and “or” . The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Results: A total of 341 elderly groups participated in this study with a response rate of 98.27%. Out of this, 21.1%, 95% CI: (16.4%, 25.2%) were malnourished and 49.3%, 95% CI: (43.9%, 55.3%) were at risk of malnutrition. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression, for being at risk of malnutrition and being malnourished, the following variables were significantly associated; being male, 2.03 (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.63), being aged above 75 years, 2.58 (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.99), living with others, 3 (AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.05), not having a care giver, 2.21 (AOR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.27), lack of formal education, 2.06 (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.57), being in the low category of wealth index, 3.27 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.95, 5.5), having depression, 1.9 (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.94) and alcohol consumption, 1.77 (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.99) were significantly associated. Conclusion: One-fifth of the participants were malnourished and around half of the participants were at risk of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48740722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: For the general population, the intestinal microbiota and its environment, including its metabolites, are important not only for disease prevention but also for overall quality of life. A convenient method to monitor the intestinal environment is to measure levels of urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS). This approach has been used for several years. This study aims to clarify the efficacy of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dietary supplement combined with multi-strain LAB-fermented soy milk (LEX) extract in healthy, adult women with high urinary 3-IS levels. Materials and Methods: Japanese women aged 30–50 years with high urinary 3-IS levels and a tendency toward constipation were enrolled in this study. Each of them received 10 mL of a LEX-containing dietary supplement daily for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in urinary 3-IS levels, and the secondary ones included the amount of defecation and more subjective symptoms of their physical condition, such as the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Results: Thirty participants were enrolled, and all completed the study. Every participant showed a statistically significant improvement in their level of urinary 3-IS after ingesting the test article for 4 weeks. Any changes in urinary 3-IS also showed a high correlation to initial 3-IS levels. Moreover, CAS scores and other subjective symptoms improved after ingestion of the LEX-containing dietary supplement. The level of urinary 3-IS showed a modest degree of correlation with the score of overall physical condition, including CAS (Pearson’s r = 0.21; p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that orally ingested LEX improves urinary 3-IS levels as an index of the health of the intestinal environment and that monitoring urinary 3-IS levels is effective in assessing changes in the intestinal environment and overall physical condition.
{"title":"Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria-Fermented Soy Milk Extract (LEX) on Urinary 3-Indoxyl Sulfate in Japanese Healthy Adult Women: An Open-Label Pilot Study","authors":"Minako Fukuchi, Takanori Yasutake, Miho Matsumoto, Ryohei Mizuno, Koichiro Fujita, Yasuhiro Sasuga","doi":"10.2147/nds.s281180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s281180","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: For the general population, the intestinal microbiota and its environment, including its metabolites, are important not only for disease prevention but also for overall quality of life. A convenient method to monitor the intestinal environment is to measure levels of urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS). This approach has been used for several years. This study aims to clarify the efficacy of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) dietary supplement combined with multi-strain LAB-fermented soy milk (LEX) extract in healthy, adult women with high urinary 3-IS levels. Materials and Methods: Japanese women aged 30–50 years with high urinary 3-IS levels and a tendency toward constipation were enrolled in this study. Each of them received 10 mL of a LEX-containing dietary supplement daily for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in urinary 3-IS levels, and the secondary ones included the amount of defecation and more subjective symptoms of their physical condition, such as the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Results: Thirty participants were enrolled, and all completed the study. Every participant showed a statistically significant improvement in their level of urinary 3-IS after ingesting the test article for 4 weeks. Any changes in urinary 3-IS also showed a high correlation to initial 3-IS levels. Moreover, CAS scores and other subjective symptoms improved after ingestion of the LEX-containing dietary supplement. The level of urinary 3-IS showed a modest degree of correlation with the score of overall physical condition, including CAS (Pearson’s r = 0.21; p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that orally ingested LEX improves urinary 3-IS levels as an index of the health of the intestinal environment and that monitoring urinary 3-IS levels is effective in assessing changes in the intestinal environment and overall physical condition.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42809679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study is therefore designed to assess dietary practices and its determinant among pregnant women in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed at Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia from May to June 2018 among 351 study participants. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. Pregnant women were identified by health extension workers. A lottery method was used to select each pregnant woman. Sample was drawn proportionally based on the number of pregnant women in each selected kebele (small administrative unit). The dietary practice of pregnant women was determined by using ten items. Knowledge of pregnant women about dietary consumption was assessed by using 8 questions. Attitude towards dietary practice was assessed by asking 9 attitude questions. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and cleaned and analyzed by using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with dietary practices. Results: In this study, 113 (32.2%) of study participants had good dietary practices. The mean (standard deviation) age of study participants was 29±5.9years. Over one-third (76.9%) of mothers were housewives. Regarding knowledge and attitude, 45.6% and 42.8% of respondents had good dietary knowledge and a positive attitude, respectively. Educational status (adjusted odds ratio 2.72; 95% CI; 1.46–5.07), monthly income (AOR; 3.01, 95% CI; 1.19–7.63), antenatal follow-up (AOR; 0.46, 95% CI; 0.23–0.94), knowledge (AOR; 2.32, 95% CI; 1.23–4.37) and attitude (AOR; 1.9, 95%C; 1.03–3.52) were determinants of dietary practices. Conclusion: Less than one-third of pregnant women (32.2%) presented good dietary practices. Educational status of the mother, monthly income, ANC visit, knowledge, and attitude were the factors that affect the dietary practices of pregnant women. Since dietary practices of pregnant women are relatively low in the current study, community-based nutrition education specifically on intake of both micro- and macronutrients during pregnancy should be considered by the federal and regional governments of Ethiopia.
{"title":"Dietary Practices and Their Determinants Among Pregnant Women in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Mahlet Yalewdeg, Mahlet Birhane, Yohannes Adissu","doi":"10.2147/nds.s267453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s267453","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study is therefore designed to assess dietary practices and its determinant among pregnant women in Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed at Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia from May to June 2018 among 351 study participants. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula. Pregnant women were identified by health extension workers. A lottery method was used to select each pregnant woman. Sample was drawn proportionally based on the number of pregnant women in each selected kebele (small administrative unit). The dietary practice of pregnant women was determined by using ten items. Knowledge of pregnant women about dietary consumption was assessed by using 8 questions. Attitude towards dietary practice was assessed by asking 9 attitude questions. Data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and cleaned and analyzed by using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with dietary practices. Results: In this study, 113 (32.2%) of study participants had good dietary practices. The mean (standard deviation) age of study participants was 29±5.9years. Over one-third (76.9%) of mothers were housewives. Regarding knowledge and attitude, 45.6% and 42.8% of respondents had good dietary knowledge and a positive attitude, respectively. Educational status (adjusted odds ratio 2.72; 95% CI; 1.46–5.07), monthly income (AOR; 3.01, 95% CI; 1.19–7.63), antenatal follow-up (AOR; 0.46, 95% CI; 0.23–0.94), knowledge (AOR; 2.32, 95% CI; 1.23–4.37) and attitude (AOR; 1.9, 95%C; 1.03–3.52) were determinants of dietary practices. Conclusion: Less than one-third of pregnant women (32.2%) presented good dietary practices. Educational status of the mother, monthly income, ANC visit, knowledge, and attitude were the factors that affect the dietary practices of pregnant women. Since dietary practices of pregnant women are relatively low in the current study, community-based nutrition education specifically on intake of both micro- and macronutrients during pregnancy should be considered by the federal and regional governments of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Point Purpose: The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effect of Afghan Chehelghoza as a constituent of diet on behavioral parameters, especially learning and memory of male rats. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: control group, diazepam group as the positive control, and 2, 6, 12 and 25% chehelghoza-treated groups, which received chehelghoza combined with their food for 28 days. After treatment, the rat’s behavior was evaluated by Y-maze, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze and radial arm maze. In addition, their brain was extracted and weighed. The body weight of rats was also measured during the study. Results: The results showed that the time spent in target quadrant and brain weight were increased in 12 and 25% chehelghoza-treated groups significantly (P<0.05). Also, the difference between the percentage of spontaneous alternation and the number of crossing, percentage of time spent in and the number of entries into open arms of only 25% chehelghoza-treated and the control groups was significant. Besides, on day 28, the body weight of all chehelghoza-treated groups was diminished as compared with the control group. Conclusion: We can conclude that chehelghoza combination with food in high doses can improve the spatial working memory and reference memory, increase the brain weight, as well as reduction in anxiety behavior.
{"title":"Afghan Chehelghoza (Pinus gerardiana L.) Pine Nut Diet Enhances the Learning and Memory in Male Rats","authors":"Kawsar Alami, Sayed Yousof Mousavi","doi":"10.2147/nds.s278350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s278350","url":null,"abstract":"Point Purpose: The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effect of Afghan Chehelghoza as a constituent of diet on behavioral parameters, especially learning and memory of male rats. Methods: Rats were divided into six groups: control group, diazepam group as the positive control, and 2, 6, 12 and 25% chehelghoza-treated groups, which received chehelghoza combined with their food for 28 days. After treatment, the rat’s behavior was evaluated by Y-maze, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze and radial arm maze. In addition, their brain was extracted and weighed. The body weight of rats was also measured during the study. Results: The results showed that the time spent in target quadrant and brain weight were increased in 12 and 25% chehelghoza-treated groups significantly (P<0.05). Also, the difference between the percentage of spontaneous alternation and the number of crossing, percentage of time spent in and the number of entries into open arms of only 25% chehelghoza-treated and the control groups was significant. Besides, on day 28, the body weight of all chehelghoza-treated groups was diminished as compared with the control group. Conclusion: We can conclude that chehelghoza combination with food in high doses can improve the spatial working memory and reference memory, increase the brain weight, as well as reduction in anxiety behavior.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44164884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muluken Walle Birhanie, A. Adekunle, A. Arowojolu, T. T. Dugul, Akiloge Lake Mebiratie
: Micronutrients are vitamins, minerals and trace elements that are used in minute doses as cofactors, antioxidants and modulators of gene transcription homeostasis. MMNs may have a role in averting or treating adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal complications. In 2016, WHO suggested the use of iron-folic acid (IFA) rather than multiple micronutrients (MMNs) during pregnancy owing to some feared adverse outcomes like perinatal mortalities. However, this effect is debatable as such complications could be also due to genetic or environmental factors. Therefore, this appraisal should provide appropriate infor-mation and guidance to health workers, scholars and policymakers. This review includes large sample-sized studies with a special focus on developing countries like Ethiopia. The articles were selected using systematic searching with Boolean operators, advanced search techniques, snowballing and search limits. Mendeley was used as a reference management tool where the source of databases and references were PubMed, AJOL, Google Scholar, IRIS, Summon, DOAJ, Cochrane Library, Oxford Medicine Online, WHO reproductive health libraries majorly from the Hinari program. Articles from BMC, American Society for Nutrition, Lancet, Elsevier, John Wiley and Sons LTD, PLoS One, Springer and Nature Publishing Groups were also used. The results showed that there are no variations in adverse effects between MMNs and IFA. Moreover, MMNs are valuable in anemic pregnant women with lower preconception weight as it increases maternal weight and reduces low birth weight and anemia more than IFA. Therefore, MMNs may have greater health benefits than IFA for the offspring by minimizing fetal complications and the cost of their treatment, resulting from the MMN deficiency state.
微量营养素是指维生素、矿物质和微量元素，以微量剂量用作辅助因子、抗氧化剂和基因转录稳态调节剂。MMNs可能在避免或治疗不良妊娠结局和产妇并发症方面发挥作用。2016年，由于担心围产期死亡等不良后果，世卫组织建议在怀孕期间使用叶酸铁(IFA)而不是多种微量营养素(MMNs)。然而，这种影响是有争议的，因为这些并发症也可能是由于遗传或环境因素造成的。因此，这种评价应该为卫生工作者、学者和决策者提供适当的信息和指导。这篇综述包括大样本研究，特别关注埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家。采用布尔运算符、高级搜索技术、滚雪球和搜索限制等方法进行系统搜索。Mendeley被用作参考文献管理工具，其中数据库和参考文献的来源是PubMed、AJOL、b谷歌Scholar、IRIS、Summon、DOAJ、Cochrane Library、Oxford Medicine Online、WHO生殖健康图书馆，主要来自Hinari计划。来自BMC、美国营养学会、柳叶刀、爱思唯尔、John Wiley and Sons LTD、PLoS One、b施普林格和自然出版集团的文章也被使用。结果显示MMNs和IFA之间的不良反应没有变化。此外，MMNs对孕前体重较低的贫血孕妇有价值，因为它比IFA更能增加母亲体重，减少低出生体重和贫血。因此，MMN可能比IFA对后代有更大的健康益处，因为MMN缺乏状态可以最大限度地减少胎儿并发症和治疗费用。
{"title":"Micronutrients Deficiency and Their Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review","authors":"Muluken Walle Birhanie, A. Adekunle, A. Arowojolu, T. T. Dugul, Akiloge Lake Mebiratie","doi":"10.2147/nds.s274646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s274646","url":null,"abstract":": Micronutrients are vitamins, minerals and trace elements that are used in minute doses as cofactors, antioxidants and modulators of gene transcription homeostasis. MMNs may have a role in averting or treating adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal complications. In 2016, WHO suggested the use of iron-folic acid (IFA) rather than multiple micronutrients (MMNs) during pregnancy owing to some feared adverse outcomes like perinatal mortalities. However, this effect is debatable as such complications could be also due to genetic or environmental factors. Therefore, this appraisal should provide appropriate infor-mation and guidance to health workers, scholars and policymakers. This review includes large sample-sized studies with a special focus on developing countries like Ethiopia. The articles were selected using systematic searching with Boolean operators, advanced search techniques, snowballing and search limits. Mendeley was used as a reference management tool where the source of databases and references were PubMed, AJOL, Google Scholar, IRIS, Summon, DOAJ, Cochrane Library, Oxford Medicine Online, WHO reproductive health libraries majorly from the Hinari program. Articles from BMC, American Society for Nutrition, Lancet, Elsevier, John Wiley and Sons LTD, PLoS One, Springer and Nature Publishing Groups were also used. The results showed that there are no variations in adverse effects between MMNs and IFA. Moreover, MMNs are valuable in anemic pregnant women with lower preconception weight as it increases maternal weight and reduces low birth weight and anemia more than IFA. Therefore, MMNs may have greater health benefits than IFA for the offspring by minimizing fetal complications and the cost of their treatment, resulting from the MMN deficiency state.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41308956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Barengolts, Michael Salim, Arfana Akbar, F. Salim
Purpose: Obesity is a chronic disease that is acquiring pandemic proportions. Emerging research suggests that probiotics can be a valuable yet still an underutilized modality for obesity treatment. This review aims to analyze and summarize recent data focusing on published meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to help understand the role of probiotics in fighting obesity. Materials and Methods: Meta-analyses were sought and reviewed from PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for body weight and/or BMI changes (two main outcomes of interest). Results: The literature review identified 14 meta-analyses. On average, the meta-analyses dedicated to probiotics included 4–15 trials with 154–994 participants, whereas more inclusive probiotics and/or synbiotics analyses included 15–68 trials with 895–4015 participants. Eleven out of 14 meta-analyses showed that probiotic use in RCTs resulted in reduced body weight and/or BMI compared to placebo. An average weight loss was 0.6 kg, and the most substantial loss was 4.8 kg corresponding to 0.7% and 5.9% reductions in body weight, respectively. Probiotics’ use was associated with improved health outcomes in addition to weight loss and was safe. The subgroup analyses showed that the probiotic forms (supple-ments vs food) and the dosages (lower vs higher than 10 10 CFU/day) did not substantially influence weight loss. The single species particularly helpful for weight loss appeared to be casei, L. delbrueckii, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus , a combination of L. curvatus and L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium longum. Bacillus subtilis and Akkermansia muciniphila also had a potential as anti-obesity probiotics. Conclusion: Probiotics, despite small effects, could be a valuable addition to the armamentarium of obesity management. Further basic and translational research and clinical trials are required to elucidate mechanisms and specific probiotic and patients’ types for the best achievable precision medicine approach to the obesity epidemic. A combination of the following
{"title":"Probiotics for Prosperity: Is There a Role for Probiotics in the Fight Against Obesity? Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"E. Barengolts, Michael Salim, Arfana Akbar, F. Salim","doi":"10.2147/nds.s243097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s243097","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Obesity is a chronic disease that is acquiring pandemic proportions. Emerging research suggests that probiotics can be a valuable yet still an underutilized modality for obesity treatment. This review aims to analyze and summarize recent data focusing on published meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to help understand the role of probiotics in fighting obesity. Materials and Methods: Meta-analyses were sought and reviewed from PubMed, Cochrane Central Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for body weight and/or BMI changes (two main outcomes of interest). Results: The literature review identified 14 meta-analyses. On average, the meta-analyses dedicated to probiotics included 4–15 trials with 154–994 participants, whereas more inclusive probiotics and/or synbiotics analyses included 15–68 trials with 895–4015 participants. Eleven out of 14 meta-analyses showed that probiotic use in RCTs resulted in reduced body weight and/or BMI compared to placebo. An average weight loss was 0.6 kg, and the most substantial loss was 4.8 kg corresponding to 0.7% and 5.9% reductions in body weight, respectively. Probiotics’ use was associated with improved health outcomes in addition to weight loss and was safe. The subgroup analyses showed that the probiotic forms (supple-ments vs food) and the dosages (lower vs higher than 10 10 CFU/day) did not substantially influence weight loss. The single species particularly helpful for weight loss appeared to be casei, L. delbrueckii, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus , a combination of L. curvatus and L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium longum. Bacillus subtilis and Akkermansia muciniphila also had a potential as anti-obesity probiotics. Conclusion: Probiotics, despite small effects, could be a valuable addition to the armamentarium of obesity management. Further basic and translational research and clinical trials are required to elucidate mechanisms and specific probiotic and patients’ types for the best achievable precision medicine approach to the obesity epidemic. A combination of the following","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Falaho Sani Kalil, Teshome Kabeta, Habtemu Jarso, M. Hasen, J. Ahmed, Shukuri Kabeta
{"title":"Determinants of Undernutrition Among Adult People on Antiretroviral Therapy in Goba Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study","authors":"Falaho Sani Kalil, Teshome Kabeta, Habtemu Jarso, M. Hasen, J. Ahmed, Shukuri Kabeta","doi":"10.2147/nds.s276311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s276311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s276311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47921346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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