Background: Global acute malnutrition is one of the major contributors to the death of young children. It accounts for about 35% to 55% of all childhood deaths in low- and middle-income countries. However, there have been limited studies examining the relationship between global acute malnutrition and women ’ s involvement in decision-making, and nutrition-related knowledge in the locality. Patients and Methods: A case – control study was conducted from March to April 2018. The sample size was determined using Epi Info statistical software, and a total of 234 children with their parents involved in the study. Childs ’ height was measured using a stadiometer, and a digital weight scale was used to measure child weight. Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) was computed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro Software. Women ’ s involvement in household decision-making was assessed using the household decision-making index. Socio-demographic and maternal nutrition-related knowledge were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data entry and statistical analysis were done using EpiData 3.1 and Statistical Package for Social Science 24.0 (SPSS). Statistically, a signi fi cant association was declared by adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% con fi dence interval (CI), and P -value less than or equal to 0.05. Results: About three- fi fths of mothers whose children were cases had poor nutrition-related knowledge regarding optimal child feeding. The study found poor maternal nutrition-related knowledge (AOR 5.16, 95% CI (1.9, 13.96)), not attending formal education (AOR 4.98, 95% CI (2.09, 11.82)), lack of maternal involvement in household decision-making (AOR 4.68, 95% CI (1.99, 10.97)), and lowest wealth index (AOR 3.76, 95% CI (1.24, 11.38)) as independent predictors. Conclusion and Recommendation: Maternal nutrition-related knowledge, maternal educational status, and involvement in household decision-making were found to be independent predictors of child global acute malnutrition. Emphasis needs to be given in strengthening girls ’ education, nutrition education, household economic strengthening activities, and women empowerment in decision-making. http://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S252342
{"title":"Women’s Involvement in Household Decision-Making and Nutrition Related-Knowledge as Predictors of Child Global Acute Malnutrition in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study","authors":"S. Girma, Arefayne Alenko","doi":"10.2147/nds.s252342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s252342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Global acute malnutrition is one of the major contributors to the death of young children. It accounts for about 35% to 55% of all childhood deaths in low- and middle-income countries. However, there have been limited studies examining the relationship between global acute malnutrition and women ’ s involvement in decision-making, and nutrition-related knowledge in the locality. Patients and Methods: A case – control study was conducted from March to April 2018. The sample size was determined using Epi Info statistical software, and a total of 234 children with their parents involved in the study. Childs ’ height was measured using a stadiometer, and a digital weight scale was used to measure child weight. Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) was computed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro Software. Women ’ s involvement in household decision-making was assessed using the household decision-making index. Socio-demographic and maternal nutrition-related knowledge were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data entry and statistical analysis were done using EpiData 3.1 and Statistical Package for Social Science 24.0 (SPSS). Statistically, a signi fi cant association was declared by adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% con fi dence interval (CI), and P -value less than or equal to 0.05. Results: About three- fi fths of mothers whose children were cases had poor nutrition-related knowledge regarding optimal child feeding. The study found poor maternal nutrition-related knowledge (AOR 5.16, 95% CI (1.9, 13.96)), not attending formal education (AOR 4.98, 95% CI (2.09, 11.82)), lack of maternal involvement in household decision-making (AOR 4.68, 95% CI (1.99, 10.97)), and lowest wealth index (AOR 3.76, 95% CI (1.24, 11.38)) as independent predictors. Conclusion and Recommendation: Maternal nutrition-related knowledge, maternal educational status, and involvement in household decision-making were found to be independent predictors of child global acute malnutrition. Emphasis needs to be given in strengthening girls ’ education, nutrition education, household economic strengthening activities, and women empowerment in decision-making. http://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S252342","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s252342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43535908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Radnitz, Jingwen Ni, Danielle Dennis, Brianna Cerrito
: To assess the health bene fi ts of a vegan diet, observational studies of diabetes (non-insulindependent;NIDDM),cancer,mortality,gutmicrobiota,hypertension,lipids,andoverweight were examined. Utilizing PRISMA items to identify articles and assess their quality for inclusion, 44 studies were screened into the review. In two separate studies, vegans did not have a reduced risk of diagnosis of “ any ” cancer, nor of speci fi c cancers when the effects of BMI were adjusted. When datawereaggregated,therewasareducedriskofanycancer.Veganshadlowertotalcholesteroland LDL-C levels compared to omnivores, and in some cases other dietary groups. In the US, there was areduced riskofadiagnosisofNIDDMandinWesterncountries,veganshad lowerBMI.Research support for reduced risk of diagnosis of female cancers, improved mortality rates, lower blood pressure, lower triglycerides, and a healthier microbiome for vegans compared to omnivores was inconsistent. There was no evidence that reduced speci fi c cancer incidence rates were lower in vegans although inadequate sample sizes had hampered these analyses. In vegans, HDL-C levels were either lower or not signi fi cantly different from omnivores. Geographic location was a strong moderatorwiththemostcompellingevidenceforthehealthadvantagesofavegandietcomingfrom the US, whereas in Taiwan, India and Vietnam, there was much less evidence of its bene fi t. In some instances, sex moderated the association between adopting the diet and health outcomes. speci fi c the diet, dietary comparison groups utilized in studies may alsoaffectresults.Althoughavegandietisassociatedwithsomehealthbene fi ts,thelevelofsupport for the bene fi t varied according to the health outcome being measured, with evidence emerging that BMI is an important mediator and geography and to a lesser extent sex are important moderators.
{"title":"Health Benefits of a Vegan Diet: Current Insights","authors":"C. Radnitz, Jingwen Ni, Danielle Dennis, Brianna Cerrito","doi":"10.2147/nds.s191793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s191793","url":null,"abstract":": To assess the health bene fi ts of a vegan diet, observational studies of diabetes (non-insulindependent;NIDDM),cancer,mortality,gutmicrobiota,hypertension,lipids,andoverweight were examined. Utilizing PRISMA items to identify articles and assess their quality for inclusion, 44 studies were screened into the review. In two separate studies, vegans did not have a reduced risk of diagnosis of “ any ” cancer, nor of speci fi c cancers when the effects of BMI were adjusted. When datawereaggregated,therewasareducedriskofanycancer.Veganshadlowertotalcholesteroland LDL-C levels compared to omnivores, and in some cases other dietary groups. In the US, there was areduced riskofadiagnosisofNIDDMandinWesterncountries,veganshad lowerBMI.Research support for reduced risk of diagnosis of female cancers, improved mortality rates, lower blood pressure, lower triglycerides, and a healthier microbiome for vegans compared to omnivores was inconsistent. There was no evidence that reduced speci fi c cancer incidence rates were lower in vegans although inadequate sample sizes had hampered these analyses. In vegans, HDL-C levels were either lower or not signi fi cantly different from omnivores. Geographic location was a strong moderatorwiththemostcompellingevidenceforthehealthadvantagesofavegandietcomingfrom the US, whereas in Taiwan, India and Vietnam, there was much less evidence of its bene fi t. In some instances, sex moderated the association between adopting the diet and health outcomes. speci fi c the diet, dietary comparison groups utilized in studies may alsoaffectresults.Althoughavegandietisassociatedwithsomehealthbene fi ts,thelevelofsupport for the bene fi t varied according to the health outcome being measured, with evidence emerging that BMI is an important mediator and geography and to a lesser extent sex are important moderators.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s191793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Human milk provides optimal infant nutrition for early life development. However, there are situations in which human milk feeding is not the most viable option for infant nutrition. Some factors include maternal illness, lactation insuf fi ciency, storage complications, and time constraints. As a result, modern infant formula has become a substitute or alternative when breastfeeding is not possible or is inadequate for infants. In the optimal design of formula, many factors are considered in creating a product that is safe and provides a nutritional pro fi le either equivalent to human milk or in optimal alignment with infant needs. Human milk composition serves as a reference for infant formula formulation. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a synopsis of recent advances in infant formula research in the past 5 years (2014 – 2018). Speci fi cally, the breadth of bioactive components of human milk that are not yet available in infant formulas and dose optimization requirements in full-term infants are reviewed. The nutritional value of infant formulas has been improved by adding functional bioactive ingredients such as choline, strains of probiotics, and prebiotic oligosaccharides. There are considerable variations in the composition of available infant formulas between manufacturers and across different coun-tries. Formulas still generally lack important contents such as antibodies and exosomes that are present in human milk. Some of the adverse health outcomes associated with formula feeding as compared with human milk feeding are attributed to the different composition of the foods. This literature review summarizes the most recent research aimed at advancing infant formula composition to narrow the difference in health outcomes between human milk and formula-fed infants.
{"title":"Insights into Novel Infant Milk Formula Bioactives","authors":"J. Skolnick, C. Chou, J. Miklavcic","doi":"10.2147/nds.s192099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s192099","url":null,"abstract":": Human milk provides optimal infant nutrition for early life development. However, there are situations in which human milk feeding is not the most viable option for infant nutrition. Some factors include maternal illness, lactation insuf fi ciency, storage complications, and time constraints. As a result, modern infant formula has become a substitute or alternative when breastfeeding is not possible or is inadequate for infants. In the optimal design of formula, many factors are considered in creating a product that is safe and provides a nutritional pro fi le either equivalent to human milk or in optimal alignment with infant needs. Human milk composition serves as a reference for infant formula formulation. The purpose of this literature review is to provide a synopsis of recent advances in infant formula research in the past 5 years (2014 – 2018). Speci fi cally, the breadth of bioactive components of human milk that are not yet available in infant formulas and dose optimization requirements in full-term infants are reviewed. The nutritional value of infant formulas has been improved by adding functional bioactive ingredients such as choline, strains of probiotics, and prebiotic oligosaccharides. There are considerable variations in the composition of available infant formulas between manufacturers and across different coun-tries. Formulas still generally lack important contents such as antibodies and exosomes that are present in human milk. Some of the adverse health outcomes associated with formula feeding as compared with human milk feeding are attributed to the different composition of the foods. This literature review summarizes the most recent research aimed at advancing infant formula composition to narrow the difference in health outcomes between human milk and formula-fed infants.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s192099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Stunting Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Delanta District; North East Ethiopia","authors":"S. Tadesse, T. Mekonnen","doi":"10.2147/nds.s237407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s237407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s237407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pastoral system is undergoing rapid socioeconomic transformation and livelihood shifts that may facilitate dietary transitions. Understanding the feeding practices and dietary intake is vitally important for designing an intervention program that addresses the nutrition needs of children in pastoral areas where scarcity of dietary information exists. Methods: Community-based study of dietary intake and questionnaire survey was conducted in Borana pastoral system of southern Ethiopia. The study aimed at investigating the dietary intake of under- fi ve children (n=538) and to assess how well dietary diversity score (DDS), milk and meal frequencies estimate the adequacy of nutrient intake under pastoral context. Recipes and ingredients used to prepare the foods were recorded, and the portion size was estimated to calculate the nutrient contents per 100 grams of the food items. Then, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of a given nutrient and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated. Results: The study showed that children had a low level of DDS (2.7) and meal frequency (2.3), but had satisfactory milk frequency (4.3). About 31.2% of the children had met minimum meal frequency while only a few (11.7%) attained the minimum DDS. Dairy (99.8%) was the most consumed food item followed by cereals (83.6%) and legumes (53.5%). Thus, dairy contributed to a higher percentage (>85%) of calcium, vitamin A and Vitamin B2 requirements. Dairy marketing was found to have signi fi cant effects on dietary patterns i.e. has reduced milk frequency but associated with an increased number of meals per day. Overall, inadequate intakes (NAR < 66%) were observed for Vitamins A, B1, C, folic acid, and Iron. Assessment of dietary adequacy indicators showed that DDS had a greater ROC area (0.71) and better prediction of dietary quality than meal (0.62) and milk (0.50) frequencies, but did not differ from the average of milk and meal frequencies (0.64). Discussion: Diets of the study children were much below the WHO standards with dairy and cereals being the major component of child nutrition re fl ecting a typically low dietary diversity in pastoral areas. As a result, study subjects had insuf fi cient intakes of several nutrients, implying the need for supplementing critical micronutrients. As dairy is the main staple and local commodity its marketing was found to signi fi cantly in fl uence the dietary patterns of children. DDS was found to be the best indicator of dietary adequacy while the averaged frequencies of milk and meal also showed a promising result.
{"title":"Dietary Intake of Infant and Young Children and Assessment of Dietary Adequacy Indicators in a Pastoral Setting, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Megersa","doi":"10.2147/NDS.S231591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S231591","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pastoral system is undergoing rapid socioeconomic transformation and livelihood shifts that may facilitate dietary transitions. Understanding the feeding practices and dietary intake is vitally important for designing an intervention program that addresses the nutrition needs of children in pastoral areas where scarcity of dietary information exists. Methods: Community-based study of dietary intake and questionnaire survey was conducted in Borana pastoral system of southern Ethiopia. The study aimed at investigating the dietary intake of under- fi ve children (n=538) and to assess how well dietary diversity score (DDS), milk and meal frequencies estimate the adequacy of nutrient intake under pastoral context. Recipes and ingredients used to prepare the foods were recorded, and the portion size was estimated to calculate the nutrient contents per 100 grams of the food items. Then, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of a given nutrient and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were calculated. Results: The study showed that children had a low level of DDS (2.7) and meal frequency (2.3), but had satisfactory milk frequency (4.3). About 31.2% of the children had met minimum meal frequency while only a few (11.7%) attained the minimum DDS. Dairy (99.8%) was the most consumed food item followed by cereals (83.6%) and legumes (53.5%). Thus, dairy contributed to a higher percentage (>85%) of calcium, vitamin A and Vitamin B2 requirements. Dairy marketing was found to have signi fi cant effects on dietary patterns i.e. has reduced milk frequency but associated with an increased number of meals per day. Overall, inadequate intakes (NAR < 66%) were observed for Vitamins A, B1, C, folic acid, and Iron. Assessment of dietary adequacy indicators showed that DDS had a greater ROC area (0.71) and better prediction of dietary quality than meal (0.62) and milk (0.50) frequencies, but did not differ from the average of milk and meal frequencies (0.64). Discussion: Diets of the study children were much below the WHO standards with dairy and cereals being the major component of child nutrition re fl ecting a typically low dietary diversity in pastoral areas. As a result, study subjects had insuf fi cient intakes of several nutrients, implying the need for supplementing critical micronutrients. As dairy is the main staple and local commodity its marketing was found to signi fi cantly in fl uence the dietary patterns of children. DDS was found to be the best indicator of dietary adequacy while the averaged frequencies of milk and meal also showed a promising result.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NDS.S231591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42094657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Degli Esposti, S. Saragoni, V. Perrone, S. Sella, M. Andretta, M. Rossini, S. Giannini
Background: Fractures represent the most important complication of osteoporosis, in terms of loss of independency, chronic pain, increased risk of mortality, but also high healthcare costs. Objective: To assess healthcare costs in an Italian cohort of osteoporotic patients with a fracture with and without speci fi c osteoporosis treatment and supplementation with calcium/vitamin D. Methods: This retrospective observational study used data from administrative databases of fi ve Local Health Units in Italy. Patients ≥ 50 years of age and hospitalized for vertebral or hip fracture occurring from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2015 were included. Patients were then classi fi ed as “ untreated ” and “ treated ” if they had been treated or not with drugs for fracture prevention after the index fracture. We also identi fi ed subjects that were only treated with drugs for fracture prevention, “ osteoporosis drug only ” group, compared to the “ osteoporosis drug plus calcium/vitamin D ” group, in which calcium and/or vitamin D were also in combination. Healthcare cost analysis included drug expenditure, hospitalization costs (excluding costs related to the hospitalization for the index fracture) and outpatient service costs. Results: Three thousand four hundred and seventy- fi ve patients were included in the present study, most of whom (58.5%) had received speci fi c osteoporosis treatment after index fracture. Among treated patients, the vast majority (83.6%) received supplementation with calcium/vitamin D. Mean annual healthcare cost per patient was € 9,289.85 in the untreated group and € 4,428.26 for treated subjects (p < 0.001); mean annual healthcare cost for the osteoporosis drug-only group was higher compared to the osteoporosis drug plus calcium/ vitamin D group ( € 5,976.88 vs € 4,124.74, respectively, p < 0.001). Hospitalization costs accounted for the majority of total costs in all groups of patients. Conclusion: Healthcare costs in patients with osteoporotic fractures were signi fi cantly lower in those receiving osteoporosis treatment compared to untreated patients with even lower costs observed in patients that were also receiving calcium/vitamin D supplements.
{"title":"Economic Burden of Osteoporotic Patients with Fracture: Effect of Treatment With or Without Calcium/Vitamin D Supplements","authors":"L. Degli Esposti, S. Saragoni, V. Perrone, S. Sella, M. Andretta, M. Rossini, S. Giannini","doi":"10.2147/nds.s234911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s234911","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fractures represent the most important complication of osteoporosis, in terms of loss of independency, chronic pain, increased risk of mortality, but also high healthcare costs. Objective: To assess healthcare costs in an Italian cohort of osteoporotic patients with a fracture with and without speci fi c osteoporosis treatment and supplementation with calcium/vitamin D. Methods: This retrospective observational study used data from administrative databases of fi ve Local Health Units in Italy. Patients ≥ 50 years of age and hospitalized for vertebral or hip fracture occurring from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2015 were included. Patients were then classi fi ed as “ untreated ” and “ treated ” if they had been treated or not with drugs for fracture prevention after the index fracture. We also identi fi ed subjects that were only treated with drugs for fracture prevention, “ osteoporosis drug only ” group, compared to the “ osteoporosis drug plus calcium/vitamin D ” group, in which calcium and/or vitamin D were also in combination. Healthcare cost analysis included drug expenditure, hospitalization costs (excluding costs related to the hospitalization for the index fracture) and outpatient service costs. Results: Three thousand four hundred and seventy- fi ve patients were included in the present study, most of whom (58.5%) had received speci fi c osteoporosis treatment after index fracture. Among treated patients, the vast majority (83.6%) received supplementation with calcium/vitamin D. Mean annual healthcare cost per patient was € 9,289.85 in the untreated group and € 4,428.26 for treated subjects (p < 0.001); mean annual healthcare cost for the osteoporosis drug-only group was higher compared to the osteoporosis drug plus calcium/ vitamin D group ( € 5,976.88 vs € 4,124.74, respectively, p < 0.001). Hospitalization costs accounted for the majority of total costs in all groups of patients. Conclusion: Healthcare costs in patients with osteoporotic fractures were signi fi cantly lower in those receiving osteoporosis treatment compared to untreated patients with even lower costs observed in patients that were also receiving calcium/vitamin D supplements.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s234911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41733478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yohannes Kelifa Emiru, Y. Belay, Gizachew Kassahun Bizuneh, H. Tegegn
{"title":"Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Professional Practice Behaviors Towards Dietary Supplements: Results from Multi-Center Survey in Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannes Kelifa Emiru, Y. Belay, Gizachew Kassahun Bizuneh, H. Tegegn","doi":"10.2147/nds.s222114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s222114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s222114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: and nutritional problems among children in developing countries. There is limited evidence on the level of thinness, and dietary among school aged children in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thinness and adequate dietary diversity and their predictors among primary schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Meskan District of Southern Ethiopia, from October 11 to November 3, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 408 school age children. Data on sociodemographic, and anthropometric variables were collected using structured and trained interviewer administered questionnaires and anthropometrists, respectively. Body-mass-index-for-age z-scores for thinness were computed using WHO AnthroPlus, and dietary diversity score was generated using 24-hour recall dietary data. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with thinness and dietary diversity. A p -value <0.05 was used to declare the signi fi cance of association. Results: The prevalence of thinness was 10.1% (95% CI=7.1 – 13). Children who lived in urban areas were 65% less likely to be thin (AOR=0.35; 95% CI=0.13-0.93) compared to those who lived in rural areas after controlling for other variables. The proportion of children who met minimum dietary diversity was 27.5% (95% CI=23 – 32). Children living in households with rich wealth index Terciles (AOR=1.88; 95% CI=1.09 – 3.21) and children living in urban areas (AOR=2.38; 95% CI=1.28 – 4.39) were twice more likely to have adequate dietary diversity compared to their counter parts. Discussion: The prevalence of thinnessn is less common in the study area when compared to the prevalence reported by other studies in developing countries. Residence of children was associated with thinness. The practice of having diversi fi ed diet was low among children . Rich family wealth status and place of residence were signi fi cantly associated with adequate dietary diversity. Hence, targeted interventions that focus on rural children and household socioeconomic status are needed to improve dietary diversity and nutritional status.
{"title":"Predictors of thinness and improved dietary diversity among School Aged Children in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tsedeke Wolde, T. Belachew","doi":"10.2147/nds.s221739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s221739","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: and nutritional problems among children in developing countries. There is limited evidence on the level of thinness, and dietary among school aged children in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thinness and adequate dietary diversity and their predictors among primary schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Meskan District of Southern Ethiopia, from October 11 to November 3, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 408 school age children. Data on sociodemographic, and anthropometric variables were collected using structured and trained interviewer administered questionnaires and anthropometrists, respectively. Body-mass-index-for-age z-scores for thinness were computed using WHO AnthroPlus, and dietary diversity score was generated using 24-hour recall dietary data. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with thinness and dietary diversity. A p -value <0.05 was used to declare the signi fi cance of association. Results: The prevalence of thinness was 10.1% (95% CI=7.1 – 13). Children who lived in urban areas were 65% less likely to be thin (AOR=0.35; 95% CI=0.13-0.93) compared to those who lived in rural areas after controlling for other variables. The proportion of children who met minimum dietary diversity was 27.5% (95% CI=23 – 32). Children living in households with rich wealth index Terciles (AOR=1.88; 95% CI=1.09 – 3.21) and children living in urban areas (AOR=2.38; 95% CI=1.28 – 4.39) were twice more likely to have adequate dietary diversity compared to their counter parts. Discussion: The prevalence of thinnessn is less common in the study area when compared to the prevalence reported by other studies in developing countries. Residence of children was associated with thinness. The practice of having diversi fi ed diet was low among children . Rich family wealth status and place of residence were signi fi cantly associated with adequate dietary diversity. Hence, targeted interventions that focus on rural children and household socioeconomic status are needed to improve dietary diversity and nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s221739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49209155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derese Bekele Daba, T. Shaweno, Kefyalew Taye Belete, A. Workicho
Objective : This study assessed the prevalence of under-nutrition and its associated factors among adolescent street children at Jimma town from March 1-31, 2019. Results : A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 312 street children from March 1 st to 31 st . The study found 29.2% [95% C.I: 24%- 34.0%] and 30.4% [95% C.I; 24.6% - 35.3%] prevalence of thinness and stunting respectively. Being female [AOR: 2.55, 95%C.I: 1.16- 5.63], Ever skipped one or more daily meal per day [AOR: 6.56, 95%C.I: 2.25- 19.15], Inadequate dietary diversity score [AOR: 1.86, 95%C.I: 1.05- 3.27] and using unprotected water source [AOR: 1.78, 95%C.I: 1.03- 3.05] were statistically significant factors for thinness whereas being in age group15-18 [AOR: 5.78, 95%C.I: 3.20 -10.40] and ever used substance [AOR: 3.01, 95%C.I: 1.17 -7.77] were statistically significant factors for stunting. Interventions including nutritional support, lifestyle modification and personal and environmental hygiene shall be provided to these segments of the population to alleviate the problem. Key Words - Adolescent, street children, stunting, thinness, under nutrition.
{"title":"Magnitude of Under Nutrition and Associated Factors Among Adolescent Street Children at Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Derese Bekele Daba, T. Shaweno, Kefyalew Taye Belete, A. Workicho","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.13547/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.13547/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objective : This study assessed the prevalence of under-nutrition and its associated factors among adolescent street children at Jimma town from March 1-31, 2019.\u0000Results : A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 312 street children from March 1 st to 31 st . The study found 29.2% [95% C.I: 24%- 34.0%] and 30.4% [95% C.I; 24.6% - 35.3%] prevalence of thinness and stunting respectively. Being female [AOR: 2.55, 95%C.I: 1.16- 5.63], Ever skipped one or more daily meal per day [AOR: 6.56, 95%C.I: 2.25- 19.15], Inadequate dietary diversity score [AOR: 1.86, 95%C.I: 1.05- 3.27] and using unprotected water source [AOR: 1.78, 95%C.I: 1.03- 3.05] were statistically significant factors for thinness whereas being in age group15-18 [AOR: 5.78, 95%C.I: 3.20 -10.40] and ever used substance [AOR: 3.01, 95%C.I: 1.17 -7.77] were statistically significant factors for stunting. Interventions including nutritional support, lifestyle modification and personal and environmental hygiene shall be provided to these segments of the population to alleviate the problem.\u0000Key Words - Adolescent, street children, stunting, thinness, under nutrition.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43759095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whey is one of the high-quality sources of protein with a higher proportion of indispensable amino acids compared to other sources. Its high leucine concentration makes whey an optimal protein source to maximize muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and to attenuate muscle protein breakdown at rest and following exercise. This review describes the main characteristics of the currently commercialized whey protein products and summarizes the available scientific evidence on the use of whey protein supplementation to maximize muscle mass gain in young adults without considering the impact on strength performance. Results of studies conducted on humans to date indicate that the integration of whey protein in the diet of resistance-trained individuals is effective in order to maximize muscle mass accession. Nonetheless, the observed improvements are minimized when the total daily protein intake reaches a minimum of ≥1.6 g/kg. Under resting conditions, a single serving of ∼0.24 g/kg body mass seems to be enough for stimulating a maximal postprandial response of MPS. Although this amount is effective to significantly promote an anabolic response after exercise, higher single doses of protein >0.40 g/kg after high volume workouts, involving large muscle mass, along with a minimum daily protein intake of >1.6 g/kg have been proposed as optimal to maximally stimulate MPS. Additionally, it seems that consuming whey protein as a part of a multi-ingredient admixture composed of carbohydrate, other protein sources and creatine monohydrate is more beneficial in order to maximize muscle mass gain in young resistance-trained individuals. These recommendations need to be confirmed by studies analyzing the MPS response to different workout configurations using a variety of intensities, training volumes (low, moderate or high) and the amount of the exercised muscle mass.
{"title":"Whey protein supplementation and muscle mass: current perspectives","authors":"F. Naclerio, Marcos Seijo","doi":"10.2147/nds.s166195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s166195","url":null,"abstract":"Whey is one of the high-quality sources of protein with a higher proportion of indispensable amino acids compared to other sources. Its high leucine concentration makes whey an optimal protein source to maximize muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and to attenuate muscle protein breakdown at rest and following exercise. This review describes the main characteristics of the currently commercialized whey protein products and summarizes the available scientific evidence on the use of whey protein supplementation to maximize muscle mass gain in young adults without considering the impact on strength performance. Results of studies conducted on humans to date indicate that the integration of whey protein in the diet of resistance-trained individuals is effective in order to maximize muscle mass accession. Nonetheless, the observed improvements are minimized when the total daily protein intake reaches a minimum of ≥1.6 g/kg. Under resting conditions, a single serving of ∼0.24 g/kg body mass seems to be enough for stimulating a maximal postprandial response of MPS. Although this amount is effective to significantly promote an anabolic response after exercise, higher single doses of protein >0.40 g/kg after high volume workouts, involving large muscle mass, along with a minimum daily protein intake of >1.6 g/kg have been proposed as optimal to maximally stimulate MPS. Additionally, it seems that consuming whey protein as a part of a multi-ingredient admixture composed of carbohydrate, other protein sources and creatine monohydrate is more beneficial in order to maximize muscle mass gain in young resistance-trained individuals. These recommendations need to be confirmed by studies analyzing the MPS response to different workout configurations using a variety of intensities, training volumes (low, moderate or high) and the amount of the exercised muscle mass.","PeriodicalId":43423,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/nds.s166195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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