Arnaldo Moreni Real, C. Cabrera, Pablo Cracco, M. Cadenazzi, Florencia Pirotti, E. Santos
Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees, from the nectars of plant flowers and honey dew. The components of honey vary depending on the geographical site and the existing flora. The objective of this work was to characterize Uruguayan honeys produced in different regions by composition of trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, I, Se), the antioxidant capacity, the total polyphenols, and the palynological profile. Sixty-six honey samples were obtained in two seasons, spring-summer and summer-autumn, from three regions of protected areas, and a fourth region associated with human activities. The results obtained show that the contents of Cu and Mn were significantly higher (P<0.05) in region C (1.785 ug/g and 4.668 ug/g). For Mo, the Q region presented 1.060 ug/g, being significantly different (P<0.05) from the other regions. The total polyphenol content from region C was significantly higher (P<0.05) (66.442 mg GAE/100g). Likewise, the antioxidant capacity presented significant differences (P<0.05) for region C in the spring-summerseason. Some species, genus or botanical families were only found in a particular region. This work allows us to affirm that honey can be differentiated by its micronutrient content associated with the total polyphenol content, and a higher antioxidant activity for certain regions, given by the floral species present in the region and the type of soil.
{"title":"Trace elements content and antioxidant capacity in honey from protected phytogeographical regions in Uruguay","authors":"Arnaldo Moreni Real, C. Cabrera, Pablo Cracco, M. Cadenazzi, Florencia Pirotti, E. Santos","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1121","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is a natural sweet substance produced by honey bees, from the nectars of plant flowers and honey dew. The components of honey vary depending on the geographical site and the existing flora. The objective of this work was to characterize Uruguayan honeys produced in different regions by composition of trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, I, Se), the antioxidant capacity, the total polyphenols, and the palynological profile. Sixty-six honey samples were obtained in two seasons, spring-summer and summer-autumn, from three regions of protected areas, and a fourth region associated with human activities. The results obtained show that the contents of Cu and Mn were significantly higher (P<0.05) in region C (1.785 ug/g and 4.668 ug/g). For Mo, the Q region presented 1.060 ug/g, being significantly different (P<0.05) from the other regions. The total polyphenol content from region C was significantly higher (P<0.05) (66.442 mg GAE/100g). Likewise, the antioxidant capacity presented significant differences (P<0.05) for region C in the spring-summerseason. Some species, genus or botanical families were only found in a particular region. This work allows us to affirm that honey can be differentiated by its micronutrient content associated with the total polyphenol content, and a higher antioxidant activity for certain regions, given by the floral species present in the region and the type of soil.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82577007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. T. Morales - Piñeyrúa, P. E. Bobadilla, I. Alcántara, Elena de Torres
Mastitis frequency could be affected by animal and environmental conditions such as dairy cow genetics and feeding strategies. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the probability of clinical mastitis and somatic cell count (SCC) for New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein-Friesian cows maintained on two different feeding strategies (pasture or mixed). A total of 120 cows from the experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (INIA, by its Spanish acronym) (Colonia, Uruguay) were grouped into four groups derived from the combination of two feeding strategies: Grass Maximum or Grass Fixed, and two Holstein strains: NZ or NA (n=30). Clinical mastitis and SCC were evaluated monthly during a whole lactation period. There was an interaction between the Holstein strains and parity for clinical mastitis (P=0.04). The NA primiparous cows were the least likely to suffer clinical mastitis (OR: 0.003), while NA multiparous cows were the most likely to show clinical mastitis (OR: 0.12). The NZ cows reported intermediate values of OR (primiparous: 0.082, multiparous: 0.066). Feeding strategies did not affect clinical mastitis or SCC. Similar SCC was found for NZ and NA strains. In conclusion, regardless of the feeding strategy, the probability of clinical mastitis differed by the genetic origin of the Holstein cows. However, this difference was influenced by parity. The SCC was not influenced by the Holstein strain or the feeding strategy.
{"title":"Relationship between strains of Holstein cows, feeding strategies and udder health","authors":"J. T. Morales - Piñeyrúa, P. E. Bobadilla, I. Alcántara, Elena de Torres","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1150","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis frequency could be affected by animal and environmental conditions such as dairy cow genetics and feeding strategies. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the probability of clinical mastitis and somatic cell count (SCC) for New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein-Friesian cows maintained on two different feeding strategies (pasture or mixed). A total of 120 cows from the experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (INIA, by its Spanish acronym) (Colonia, Uruguay) were grouped into four groups derived from the combination of two feeding strategies: Grass Maximum or Grass Fixed, and two Holstein strains: NZ or NA (n=30). Clinical mastitis and SCC were evaluated monthly during a whole lactation period. There was an interaction between the Holstein strains and parity for clinical mastitis (P=0.04). The NA primiparous cows were the least likely to suffer clinical mastitis (OR: 0.003), while NA multiparous cows were the most likely to show clinical mastitis (OR: 0.12). The NZ cows reported intermediate values of OR (primiparous: 0.082, multiparous: 0.066). Feeding strategies did not affect clinical mastitis or SCC. Similar SCC was found for NZ and NA strains. In conclusion, regardless of the feeding strategy, the probability of clinical mastitis differed by the genetic origin of the Holstein cows. However, this difference was influenced by parity. The SCC was not influenced by the Holstein strain or the feeding strategy.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84515920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplementary irrigation in grazing: towards sustainable intensification in productive systems with grazing","authors":"L. Puppo, R. Hayashi","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83447187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fostering more resilient systems to face climate change challenge: the South Regional Center (CRS) message at the Expo Melilla agricultural exhibition","authors":"P. Colnago, G. Galván","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75145769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a perennial legume with high productive potential of excellent nutritional quality, persistent with good management, and with the ability to tolerate dry periods due to the characteristics of its root. The high soluble protein content and the low level of effective fiber produce a fast digestive transit, with high digestibility that finally translates into better levels of food intake and productive performance of the animal. The costs of establishing the crop, the high crude protein content, which leads to an energy cost in the cow due to urinary nitrogen excretion, and the higher incidence of frothy bloat are linked to alfalfa management difficulties(1).
{"title":"Health aspects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grazing management","authors":"S. Lara, Luis Albornoz","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1208","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a perennial legume with high productive potential of excellent nutritional quality, persistent with good management, and with the ability to tolerate dry periods due to the characteristics of its root. The high soluble protein content and the low level of effective fiber produce a fast digestive transit, with high digestibility that finally translates into better levels of food intake and productive performance of the animal. The costs of establishing the crop, the high crude protein content, which leads to an energy cost in the cow due to urinary nitrogen excretion, and the higher incidence of frothy bloat are linked to alfalfa management difficulties(1).","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84885387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
short, medium, and long-term objectives and select indicators that allow us to monitor changes according to the objectives set to make better decisions. There is a need to move towards more sustainable systems, and agroecology is a viable alternative. How and where to initiate the change process will depend on each situation. However, we must transcend the idea of exchanging one input for another and embark on a global rethinking of systems, taking short and medium-term actions framed within a long-term strategy. This transition in how we produce cannot occur in isolation or independently; it also implies changes in the link with the market, what we do as consumers, and how we generate knowledge or train professionals. In this context, collective strategies are crucial, and public policies and institutions are responsible for enabling (or not) these processes.
{"title":"Strategies and tools for the transition to agroecological-based vegetable production systems","authors":"Mariana Scarlato, Paula Colnago","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1207","url":null,"abstract":"short, medium, and long-term objectives and select indicators that allow us to monitor changes according to the objectives set to make better decisions. There is a need to move towards more sustainable systems, and agroecology is a viable alternative. How and where to initiate the change process will depend on each situation. However, we must transcend the idea of exchanging one input for another and embark on a global rethinking of systems, taking short and medium-term actions framed within a long-term strategy. This transition in how we produce cannot occur in isolation or independently; it also implies changes in the link with the market, what we do as consumers, and how we generate knowledge or train professionals. In this context, collective strategies are crucial, and public policies and institutions are responsible for enabling (or not) these processes.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87469368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
these events. Vit-iculturists may need to implement irrigation and soil management practices to mitigate the impact of drought conditions. Likewise, being able to predict the oenological potential of the grapes at harvest allows winemakers to plan and adapt the criteria of harvest and winemaking techniques to mitigate the effect of high temperatures and drought on the composition of grapes and wines. Overall, the results of the study's findings under-score the importance of ongoing research and management strategies to address the environmental challenges facing Uruguay's grape production, and maintain the quality and availability of wines.
{"title":"What grapes and wines to expect with the drought?","authors":"Mercedes Fourment, D. Piccardo","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1206","url":null,"abstract":"these events. Vit-iculturists may need to implement irrigation and soil management practices to mitigate the impact of drought conditions. Likewise, being able to predict the oenological potential of the grapes at harvest allows winemakers to plan and adapt the criteria of harvest and winemaking techniques to mitigate the effect of high temperatures and drought on the composition of grapes and wines. Overall, the results of the study's findings under-score the importance of ongoing research and management strategies to address the environmental challenges facing Uruguay's grape production, and maintain the quality and availability of wines.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77463799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inés Ferreira Rivaben, Virginia Rossi, M. Figari, E. Chia
Agroecology represents one of the main alternatives to production models generated by the green revolution, both in Uruguay and other countries. It appears as a response to climate change, biodiversity management, nature resource restoration, and, more recently, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. In Uruguay, agroecology is marginal despite the existence of a law for a National Plan to Encourage Production with Agroecological Bases since 2018. Moreover, research on agroecological transition processes is very incipient. This study aims to identify agroecological practices and possible transition paths towards agroecology of family livestock farmers in northern Uruguay. The methodology used focuses the study on technical, social and organizational practices, allowing access to the operation scheme and understanding the decision-making processes in family-type production systems. The socio-productive practices revealed in the research allowed the elaboration of a typology that represents possible ways for these livestock farmers to move towards agroecological production and management of their farms. The results of this study can be used to strengthen processes of conception or co-conception by selecting and disseminating innovation with actions and public policies closer to farmers.
{"title":"Identifying agroecological transition pathways based on the Global Approach to Agricultural Systems: the case of family livestock farmers in northern Uruguay","authors":"Inés Ferreira Rivaben, Virginia Rossi, M. Figari, E. Chia","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1069","url":null,"abstract":"Agroecology represents one of the main alternatives to production models generated by the green revolution, both in Uruguay and other countries. It appears as a response to climate change, biodiversity management, nature resource restoration, and, more recently, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. In Uruguay, agroecology is marginal despite the existence of a law for a National Plan to Encourage Production with Agroecological Bases since 2018. Moreover, research on agroecological transition processes is very incipient. This study aims to identify agroecological practices and possible transition paths towards agroecology of family livestock farmers in northern Uruguay. The methodology used focuses the study on technical, social and organizational practices, allowing access to the operation scheme and understanding the decision-making processes in family-type production systems. The socio-productive practices revealed in the research allowed the elaboration of a typology that represents possible ways for these livestock farmers to move towards agroecological production and management of their farms. The results of this study can be used to strengthen processes of conception or co-conception by selecting and disseminating innovation with actions and public policies closer to farmers.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72696803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Legacy of Charles Darwin","authors":"Betina Tassino, I. Tomasco","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78395556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides have become an essential input for agriculture in the last decades. However, the growing concern about the potential impact produced by such dependency on human health and the environmental level has led to strong questionings about the use of pesticides worldwide. This paper aims to analyze the use of pesticides in Uruguay's agriculture and their potential risks with an emphasis on ecotoxicological risks. For such purposes, data on imports and use of pesticides in Uruguay and some other agricultural regions corresponding to the last two decades (2000-2020) were collected. In addition, information on the risks associated with the use of different pesticides compiled in the Pesticide Properties Database of the University of Hertfordshire was reviewed, as well as information generated by related national and international research. The information collected indicates high intensity usage of pesticides in Uruguayan agriculture and uncertainties in relation to environmental risks that may arise from the current forms of use.
{"title":"Pesticide dependence and associated risks in Uruguayan agriculture: limitations in its approach","authors":"Cintia Palladino, I. García, G. Fernández","doi":"10.31285/agro.27.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31285/agro.27.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides have become an essential input for agriculture in the last decades. However, the growing concern about the potential impact produced by such dependency on human health and the environmental level has led to strong questionings about the use of pesticides worldwide. This paper aims to analyze the use of pesticides in Uruguay's agriculture and their potential risks with an emphasis on ecotoxicological risks. For such purposes, data on imports and use of pesticides in Uruguay and some other agricultural regions corresponding to the last two decades (2000-2020) were collected. In addition, information on the risks associated with the use of different pesticides compiled in the Pesticide Properties Database of the University of Hertfordshire was reviewed, as well as information generated by related national and international research. The information collected indicates high intensity usage of pesticides in Uruguayan agriculture and uncertainties in relation to environmental risks that may arise from the current forms of use.","PeriodicalId":43474,"journal":{"name":"Agrociencia-Uruguay","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76661298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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