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Marine deposits of the Chuy Formation (Late Pleistocene) and isostatic readjustments in the area of Laguna de Rocha (Uruguay) 乌拉圭拉古纳德罗查地区Chuy组海相沉积(晚更新世)与均衡调整
Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.799
Eduardo Castiglioni, C. Gaucher, G. Perillo, A. Sial
The Chuy Formation is characterized by up to 135 m of an alternation of green pelites and fine to coarse sandstones with sparse invertebrate fossils. The marine deposits are interbedded with continental, loessic deposits of the Libertad Formation and overlain by the Dolores Formation, made up of mudstones with calcareous concretions. The results of the radiocarbon dating showed calibrated ages of 13.9±0.2, 41.5±1.9 and 50±3 ka BP on bioclasts of marine fossils at an elevation (above sea level, asl) of -2.8, -6.13 and -8 m respectively. Such ages and elevations are in disagreement with the sea-level evolution inferred for the Late Pleistocene. Two possible explanations are: (a) the ages represent minimum ages and deposition took place during the last interglacial at 115-130 ka (Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5e), or (b) they represent depositional ages but the area experimented large isostatic readjustments during and after the last glaciation. Several lines of evidence suggest a Late Pleistocene age for the upper Chuy Formation, including the d18O curve obtained from invertebrate shells, which shows large secular variations consistent with MIS 1 to 7. The proposed scenario envisages significant subsidence between 50-20 ka due to the far-field effects of glacial load in the Andes/Patagonia. At 20 ka the eustatic regression outpaced subsidence, leading to continentalization of the Laguna de Rocha area. Marine conditions returned at 15 ka and into the Holocene, except for continental deposits (Dolores Formation) at ca. 11-10 ka (Younger Dryas). An uplift of 115 m took place between 15 and 9 ka in the area, which is interpreted as post-glacial rebound. In the Holocene, moderate subsidence was further recorded. A regional trend is observed, with uplift of marine deposits increasing towards the W-SW, which is consistent with an explanation as post-glacial isostatic rebound.
Chuy组的特点是长达135米的绿色泥岩与细砂岩和粗砂岩的交替,并有稀疏的无脊椎动物化石。海相沉积与陆相、利伯塔德组的黄土沉积互层,上覆由泥岩和钙质结核组成的多洛雷斯组。放射性碳定年结果表明,在海拔-2.8、-6.13和-8 m的海洋化石生物碎屑的校准年龄分别为13.9±0.2、41.5±1.9和50±3 ka BP。这样的年龄和海拔高度与推断出的晚更新世海平面演化不一致。两种可能的解释是:(a)年龄代表最小年龄,沉积发生在末次间冰期115-130 ka(海洋同位素阶段MIS 5e),或(b)它们代表沉积年龄,但该地区在末次冰期期间和之后经历了大的均衡调整。几条证据线表明上丘组的年龄为晚更新世,包括从无脊椎动物壳中获得的d18O曲线,显示出与MIS 1至7一致的大的长期变化。所提出的设想是,由于安第斯山脉/巴塔哥尼亚冰川负荷的远场影响,在50-20 ka之间出现明显的下沉。在20 ka时,上升回归超过沉降,导致拉古纳德罗查地区大陆化。海洋条件在15ka恢复到全新世,除了大陆沉积(多洛雷斯组)在大约11-10 ka(新仙女木期)。该地区在15 ~ 9 ka之间发生了115 m的隆升,这被解释为冰期后的反弹。在全新世,进一步记录了中度沉降。海相沉积物有向西-西南方向抬升的区域趋势,这与冰川后均衡反弹的解释相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Baseline of the outcropping Guarani Aquifer System in Rivera and Tacuarembó, Uruguay: Piezometry and Vulnerability 乌拉圭里维拉和Tacuarembó露头瓜拉尼含水层系统基线:压力测量和脆弱性
Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.507
Paula Collazo
The piezometric, water table and vulnerability baseline of the outcropping Guaraní Aquifer System (GAS) in the departments of Rivera and Tacuarembó (Uruguay) is presented. The flow network and chemical composition are essential to understanding underground dynamics and identifying recharge and discharge zones, preferential flow directions, and determining hydraulic gradients. It is essential to analyze its evolution in time and space from the baseline, for the management and protection of the resource. Vulnerability was determined by applying the GOD and EKv methods, obtaining similar results, with areas of high and moderate vulnerability in most of the studied area. The risk of groundwater contamination was determined using the method of Foster & Hirata(34), obtaining high risk for potentially polluting loads from lack of sanitation, solid household waste, irregular settlements, and gas stations, in areas of moderate and high vulnerability. Industrial and mining activity and a cemetery represent a moderate risk in most cases. Having maps of vulnerability and risk of groundwater contamination is essential to identify the most vulnerable areas and implement detailed study, control, and protection tools aimed at conserving and mitigating impacts on GAS.
介绍了里维拉省和乌拉圭Tacuarembó省露头Guaraní含水层系统(GAS)的测压、地下水位和脆弱性基线。流动网络和化学成分是了解地下动力学、确定补给和排泄区、优先流动方向和确定水力梯度的关键。从基线上分析其时空演变,对资源的管理和保护至关重要。采用GOD法和EKv法确定脆弱性,结果相似,大部分研究区存在高脆弱性和中等脆弱性。采用Foster & Hirata(34)的方法确定了地下水污染的风险,在中度和高度脆弱性地区,由于缺乏卫生设施、固体家庭废物、不规范的定居点和加油站,潜在污染荷载的风险很高。在大多数情况下,工业和采矿活动以及墓地构成中等风险。拥有地下水污染的脆弱性和风险地图对于确定最脆弱的地区和实施详细的研究、控制和保护工具至关重要,这些工具旨在保护和减轻对天然气的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Basalts of the Arapey Group and their potential use as a source of agrominerals (stonemeal) Arapey群的玄武岩及其作为农用矿物(石料)来源的潜在用途
Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.505
Leticia Chiglino, Johana Ballestero, A. Celio, Verónica Perdomo, Andrea Borca
The technique known as rochagem, stonemeal or rocks of crops consists of the addition of rock dust to increase the fertility conditions of the soil. In this paper, preliminary geochemical studies of the basalts of Los Catalanes Formation (Grupo Arapey) of three slag heaps are presented as a result of the disposal of mining activity in the Department of Artigas, and compared with successful use experiences of lithologies correlative to the region, specifically in the basalts of the Serra Geral Formation in the southern part of Brazil. The results obtained show SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 as the principal oxides, and in a smaller proportion, they are followed by CaO, MgO Na2O, TiO2, K2O and P2O5. The most noticeable differences are in the content of minor and trace elements such as Mn, Cr, As, Cd, Ba, Sr, V, Pb, Ti, Zn and Zr, possibly due to geochemical differences between streams. This study should be addressed in more detail in future works. In addition, the potential use of Los Catalanes Formation as an agromineral source and the development of the stonemeal technique in Uruguay are discussed. The possibility of using alternative inputs brings two productive activities, such as mining and agriculture, into dialogue, contributing to the sustainable development thereof.
这种技术被称为rochagem,石粉或农作物的岩石,包括添加岩石粉尘来增加土壤的肥力条件。本文介绍了在阿蒂加斯省处置采矿活动的结果,对三个矿渣堆的Los Catalanes组(Grupo Arapey)的玄武岩进行了初步的地球化学研究,并与该地区相关岩性,特别是巴西南部Serra Geral组玄武岩的成功利用经验进行了比较。结果表明,SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3是主要的氧化物,其次是CaO、MgO、Na2O、TiO2、K2O和P2O5,所占比例较小。其中,微量元素Mn、Cr、as、Cd、Ba、Sr、V、Pb、Ti、Zn、Zr的含量差异最为显著,这可能是由于河流间地球化学差异所致。本研究应在今后的工作中进行更详细的阐述。此外,还讨论了Los Catalanes地层作为农矿资源的潜在用途以及乌拉圭石石技术的发展。利用替代投入的可能性使采矿和农业等两种生产活动进行对话,从而促进其可持续发展。
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引用次数: 1
Verificación de exploración radicular profunda de Eucalyptus grandis hasta rocas sedimentarias pérmicas del noreste uruguayo 乌拉圭东北部大桉树至二叠纪沉积岩深层根勘探的验证
Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.508
Sebastián Mármol, Luis Bentancor, M. Francia, A. Hirigoyen, Mario Pérez Bidegain, G. Blanco, Martín Marcelo Pérez
Estudios han demostrado que las plantaciones de Eucalyptus spp. desarrollan un rápido y profundo sistema radicular, alcanzando relaciones casi simétricas con la parte aérea de los árboles. En el presente trabajo se relevó información preliminar sobre el desarrollo radicular profundo de E. grandis y su interacción con suelos, saprolitos y rocas en el noroeste de Uruguay. Partiendo de una base geológica, se realizaron tres calicatas profundas, que se clasificaron según una nueva propuesta de saprolitos. Se realizaron análisis químicos y físicos de los perfiles, descripciones macroscópicas de las raíces in situ y observaciones microscópicas (lupa, microscopia electrónica y cortes anatómicos) de raíces, saprolitos y rocas. El desarrollo radicular profundo fue corroborado, mostrando variadas y adaptadas raíces que alcanzan hasta las rocas, observándose indicios de comportamientos radiculares diferentes según las diferentes partes del perfil (suelo, saprolita o roca). Finalmente se discute cómo enfocar el estudio a futuro del sistema radicular profundo de E. grandis., la caracterización del saprolito y la roca en función de este cultivo, y los posibles efectos en el manejo productivo y en el ambiente.
研究表明,桉树种植园发展出快速而深的根系,与树木的地上部分达到几乎对称的关系。本研究的目的是评估大叶藻的根系发育和与土壤、腐殖质和岩石的相互作用。从地质基础出发,制作了3个深层calicata,并根据腐生岩的新建议进行了分类。对根、腐殖质和岩石进行了化学和物理分析、原位宏观描述和微观观察(放大镜、电子显微镜和解剖切片)。在土壤剖面的不同部分(土壤、腐殖质或岩石)观察到不同的根系行为迹象,证实了深层根系发育。最后,我们讨论了如何将大叶菊深根系的研究重点放在未来。腐殖质和岩石的特征取决于这种栽培,以及对生产管理和环境可能产生的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Número especial en homenaje al Prof. Jorge Bossi (1934-2020)
Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.1057
Mario Pérez-Bidegain, Antonella Celio, C. Gaucher
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引用次数: 0
Guaraní Aquifer System sedimentary petrography of outcropping formations and hydrogeologic implications Guaraní含水层系统露头地层沉积岩石学及水文地质意义
Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.506
Paula Collazo, Karina Pamoukaglhian, Leticia Chiglino
Petrographic analyses are presented for the Rivera, Tacuarembó and Cuchilla Ombú formations, which constitute the outcropping Guaraní Aquifer System in the Rivera and Tacuarembó departments, Uruguay. Sedimentary petrography studies were carried out with the objective of qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the porosity of sedimentary rocks. To determine the porosity in sandstones, the method of impregnation of petrographic thin sections followed by point-counting of total pore area and interconnected pore area was used. Clast and matrix composition was determined using both optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS) The study shows average values of total porosity of 17% and effective porosity of 14% for the Rivera and Cuchilla Ombú aquifer units and average value of total porosity of 15% and effective porosity of 9% for the Tacuarembó unit. There are compositional differences between sandstones of the Rivera and Tacuarembó formations, the former being essentially quartz-arenites and the latter predominantly subarkoses and sublithic arenites.
本文介绍了乌拉圭里维拉和Tacuarembó地区组成露头Guaraní含水层系统的Rivera、Tacuarembó和Cuchilla Ombú组的岩石学分析。开展沉积岩石学研究,目的是对沉积岩的孔隙度进行定性和定量评价。为了确定砂岩的孔隙度,采用了岩石薄片浸渍法,然后对总孔隙面积和连通孔隙面积进行点计数。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱x射线分析仪(EDS)对碎屑和基质组成进行了测定。研究表明,Rivera和Cuchilla Ombú含水层单元的总孔隙度平均值为17%,有效孔隙度平均值为14%,Tacuarembó含水层单元的总孔隙度平均值为15%,有效孔隙度平均值为9%。Rivera组砂岩与Tacuarembó组砂岩成分存在差异,前者主要为石英砂质,后者主要为亚岩屑砂质。
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引用次数: 0
Consumer perception of purple-fleshed sweet potatoes hedonic, sensory, and emotional expectations 消费者对紫肉红薯的享乐、感官和情感期望
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.990
J. Lado, E. Vicente, Gustavo Rodríguez, G. Ares
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引用次数: 0
Storage temperatures for Bowdichia virgilioides seeds an endangered species 濒危物种黄包菜种子的贮藏温度
Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.678
Esteves, S. Filho
Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth is a tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado that has been listed as an endangered species due to its overexploitation in the last decades. Given its slow and difficult propagation in natural environments, propagation in plant nurseries appears as an interesting strategy to preserve this endangered species. Therefore, in this study we employed a wide range of temperatures (i.e. from -25°C to -196°C) to store seeds of B. virgilioides in the short-term, and evaluated its efficiency by assessing seed germination rate, speed index, time and synchrony, as well as seedling growth and quality. Germination percentage was only slightly negatively affected by storage time (up to 32 weeks) at 25°C. Despite that, after 32 weeks of storage, all storage temperatures resulted in similar seed germination parameters and seedling growth and quality. Overall, our results highlight that the seeds of this species can be stored in the short-term at a wide range of temperatures, facilitating large-scale propagation in plant nurseries.
Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth是一种原产于巴西塞拉多的树种,由于过去几十年的过度开发,已被列为濒危物种。鉴于其在自然环境中繁殖缓慢且困难,在植物苗圃中繁殖似乎是保护这种濒危物种的一种有趣的策略。因此,本研究采用-25℃~ -196℃的较宽温度范围内短期保存维菊种子,并从种子发芽率、速度指数、时间和同步性、幼苗生长和质量等方面评价其存贮效率。在25°C条件下,贮藏时间(最长32周)对发芽率只有轻微的负面影响。尽管如此,贮藏32周后,所有贮藏温度对种子萌发参数、幼苗生长和质量的影响相似。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,该物种的种子可以在很宽的温度范围内短期储存,便于在植物苗圃中大规模繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
High performance of growing lambs grazing Paspalum notatum INIA Sepé with energy-protein supplement including sorghum-DDGS 饲用含高粱- ddgs的能量蛋白补充雀稗提高生长羔羊生产性能
Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.549
Tafernaberry, Van Lier, R. Reyno, De Barbieri
Sorghum dried distillers’ grain with soluble (S-DDGS) has not been utilized as supplement in lamb growing and finishing diets under grazing conditions in summer. The hypothesis was that the performance of post-weaning lambs grazing Paspalum notatum (PN) INIA Sepé supplemented with an energy-protein diet (whole sorghum grain [SG], and soybean meal [SM]) is not reduced by the inclusion of 40% S-DDGS. During 82 days, in summer, 42 Merino Dohne male lambs (130 ± 7.6 days of age, 32 ± 2.4 kg of body weight [BW], and 2.2 ± 0.2 body condition score [BCS]) were evaluated, in a completely random experimental design with three treatments and two replicates each (n = 14 each one). All lambs grazed PN INIA Sepé and in two treatments they were daily supplemented (1.7% BW) with different components. The treatments were: PN (control group, no supplementation), SGSM (70% SG, 30% SM) and DDGS (45% SG, 40% S-DDGS, and 15% SM). Supplemented lambs had higher (P<0.0001) body weight gain (BWG), final BW and wool growth (140 and 126 g/a/d, 43.5 and 42.4 kg; 1814 and 1892 μg/cm2/d for DDGS and SGSM, respectively) than control lambs (40 g/a/d; 35.5 kg; 1353 μg/cm2/d) (P<0.0001), without differences between supplemented groups. Gastrointestinal nematodes infestation (GIN) was affected by the treatments on day 69, where supplemented animals showed lower infestation levels than control lambs (P=0.0024). The inclusion of S-DDGS in the supplement did not reduce the productive performance of the lambs when the concentration of crude protein and energy remained constant.
夏季放牧条件下,未在羔羊生长肥育饲粮中添加可溶性高粱干酒糟(S-DDGS)。本研究假设,饲粮中添加40% S-DDGS不会降低断奶后羔羊在饲粮中添加能量蛋白饲粮(全高粱粒[SG]和豆粕[SM])的生产性能。采用完全随机试验设计,采用3个处理,每个重复2个,每个重复n = 14,对42只美利奴多纳公羔(130±7.6日龄,32±2.4 kg体重[BW], 2.2±0.2体况评分[BCS])进行试验评价。所有羔羊均饲喂PN - INIA分离饲料,在两个处理中每天添加不同成分(1.7%体重)。治疗方法为:PN(对照组,不添加饲料)、SGSM (70% SG, 30% SM)和DDGS (45% SG, 40% S-DDGS, 15% SM)。羔羊的增重、末重和毛长分别高于对照组(P<0.0001)(140和126 g/a/d、43.5和42.4 kg);DDGS和SGSM分别为1814和1892 μg/cm2/d),低于对照羔羊(40 g/a/d;35.5公斤;1353 μg/cm2/d) (P<0.0001),各组间差异无统计学意义。第69天,饲粮添加组对胃肠道线虫感染(GIN)有影响,其感染水平低于对照组(P=0.0024)。在粗蛋白质和能量浓度保持不变的情况下,添加S-DDGS不会降低羔羊的生产性能。
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引用次数: 0
Soil sampling depth and phosphorus extraction method for phosphorus in leguminous pastures 豆科牧草土壤取样深度及磷提取方法
Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.31285/agro.26.954
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引用次数: 1
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