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Social media users’ concerns regarding algorithmic news personalisation 社交媒体用户对算法新闻个性化的担忧
Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc2303435n
Danka Ninkovic-Slavnic, Snjezana Milivojevic
The paper asks if social media users are concerned regarding algorithmic news personalisation and how their concerns connect with other factors. We took the influential concepts of echo chambers and filter bubbles as a starting point to explore three dimensions of concern about news personalisation: missing important information, missing opposite opinions and jeopardizing privacy because of personalised news. The survey among social media news users (N=1481) shows that concern exists, but more than a third of users do not have an evident attitude regarding news personalisation. Additionally, the concern is connected with knowledge about the algorithmic selection process, the importance of social networks in users? media repertoire and, to a small extent, negative attitude towards the selection principle. The findings contribute to our understanding of users? perspectives on news personalisation which is particulary relevant considering the increasing use of personalised news and the fact that it is individual citizens? responsibility to be accurately and comprehensively informed in a media environment where the news content is fragmented.
该论文询问社交媒体用户是否担心算法新闻个性化,以及他们的担忧如何与其他因素联系起来。我们以“回音室”和“过滤气泡”这两个有影响力的概念为出发点,探讨了人们对新闻个性化关注的三个维度:重要信息缺失、相反观点缺失和个性化新闻对隐私的危害。对社交媒体新闻用户(N=1481)的调查显示,这种担忧是存在的,但超过三分之一的用户对新闻个性化没有明显的态度。此外,这种关注与算法选择过程的知识有关,社交网络对用户的重要性?媒体的曲目,在小程度上,消极态度的选择原则。这些发现有助于我们对用户的理解。考虑到个性化新闻的使用越来越多,以及它是个体公民的事实,对新闻个性化的看法特别相关?在新闻内容碎片化的媒体环境中,有责任准确、全面地获取信息。
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引用次数: 0
Some observations on the methodological approach to biography of the first female members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts 对塞尔维亚科学和艺术学院第一位女性成员传记的方法论方法的一些观察
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220904006t
S. Tomic
After almost three decades since the publication of the 17 volumes of the edition dedicated to Serbian male scientists, SANU has launched an edition of the collection of works on the female members of its institution. The aim of this article is to present the methodology and results of the first volume dedicated to female academics. Using the qualitative research method, the contents of the textual and visual material are analyzed, and using the comparative method, the similarities and differences with other similar efforts to shed light on the life and work of the first women in the highest scientific and artistic institution are examined. It is shown that the attention was primarily focused on the chronological presentation of the work of women academicians, and that there was mostly no consideration of the connections and relationships between the specificity of female gender identity and social norms. Although a gender-sensitive biographical model for prominent women in Serbian society was established in 1913 in the album Srpkinja, this model remained ignored in this collection. Recommendations for further research concern a more complete determination of the impact of gender differences and specificities from a historical and contemporary perspective, a critical examination of socio-political factors of gender discrimination, determination of professional and social ties of female academics. It is estimated that this article can improve the historiographical study of gender differences and specificities, and can be useful for the improvement of state policies of education and memory, work, employment and social policies.
自17卷塞尔维亚男性科学家专刊出版近30年后,塞尔维亚国立大学推出了一本关于该机构女性成员的作品集。本文的目的是介绍第一卷专门为女性学者的方法和结果。采用定性研究方法,对文本和视觉材料的内容进行分析,并使用比较方法,与其他类似努力的异同,以揭示最高科学和艺术机构中第一批女性的生活和工作。研究表明,人们的注意力主要集中在女性院士工作的时间顺序上,而基本没有考虑女性性别认同的特殊性与社会规范之间的联系和关系。虽然在1913年的《斯普金亚》(Srpkinja)专辑中建立了对塞尔维亚社会中杰出妇女的性别敏感的传记模式,但这一模式在本作品集中仍然被忽视。进一步研究的建议涉及从历史和当代的角度更全面地确定性别差异和特点的影响,对性别歧视的社会政治因素进行批判性审查,确定女性学者的专业和社会关系。据估计,本文可以改善对性别差异和特殊性的史学研究,并可以为改善国家的教育和记忆政策,工作,就业和社会政策提供有用的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Framing of poverty in TV reporting in Serbia 塞尔维亚电视报道中的贫困框架
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220824013d
Brankica Draskovic
The paper analyzes how poverty is presented in the television discourse in Serbia. The theoretical-methodological framework of research relies on quantitative-qualitative content analysis and the concept of media framing in which the usage of patterns of selection, emphasis and exclusion result in the interpretation and assessment of certain events. The sample for analysis consisted of 35 central news programs broadcasted on five television stations on seven cyclically selected days in the period from 10 th October to 27 th October 2021. The goal of the research was to determine the dominant frames of the representation of poverty and to examine whether and to what extent used frames differ in comparison to the previous research. The results show that television framing of poverty is consistent with the general pattern of problematic media polarization in Serbia. Two frames are dominantly represented: general economic poverty and propaganda-populist frame. In the case of the first one, poverty is presented as a background theme in analytic reports on the political and macroeconomic issues. It is reduced to an impersonal approach that does not have the strength to indicate the seriousness of the multidimensional problem of poverty. The second frame is characterized by a blurred picture of poverty. It is distributed through reports on the promotional activities of the president - the opening of factories and road infrastructure and explains the increasingly pronounced mutual connection between the ruling elite and journalists in the use of demagoga and propaganda matrices in conveying and setting frames as generally acceptable.
本文分析了贫困是如何在塞尔维亚的电视话语中呈现的。研究的理论-方法框架依赖于定量-定性内容分析和媒体框架的概念,其中选择、强调和排除模式的使用导致对某些事件的解释和评估。用于分析的样本包括五个电视台在2021年10月10日至10月27日周期选择的7天播出的35个中央新闻节目。这项研究的目的是确定贫穷代表性的主要框架,并检查所使用的框架与以前的研究相比是否不同以及在多大程度上不同。结果表明,电视对贫困的描绘与塞尔维亚有问题的媒体两极分化的一般模式是一致的。主要有两种框架:普遍的经济贫困和宣传-民粹主义框架。在第一种情况下,贫穷是作为政治和宏观经济问题分析报告的背景主题提出的。它被简化为一种客观的方法,没有力量表明贫穷这个多方面问题的严重性。第二个框架的特点是贫穷的模糊画面。它是通过关于总统的宣传活动- -工厂和道路基础设施的开放- -的报告分发的,并解释了统治精英和记者之间日益明显的相互联系,即在传达和设定普遍可接受的框架时使用煽动和宣传矩阵。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of physical appearance and actual body figure of women in Serbia in the contemporary sociocultural environment 在当代社会文化环境中,塞尔维亚妇女的外表和实际身材的重要性
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220613011v
Branko Velov, Tatjana Jovanovic
In a social environment that emphasizes the importance of physical appearance and women is valued based on body appearance and sexuality, it raises the question of the relationship it establishes towards its own body. The work was intended to determine the attitude of respondents towards the importance attached to the physical appearance of the female body in the modern socio-cultural context and the degree of (dis)satisfaction with its own body. The questionnaire consists of a Scala attitude towards ?good? physical appearance (DFI scale), a seven-point Liqueur-type scale, and the Photography Figure Rating Scale (PFRS), which contains ten figures with different body mass index (BMI), from skinny to obese female bodies, filled out is by 462 respondents. The attitude towards physical appearance was not directly reflected in body dissatisfaction (there is no connection between these two constructs), but social ideals of beauty (thin ideal), which are transmitted through numerous sociocultural channels, are internalized. Respondents show a tendency to choose a figure (ideal) from BMI categories with insufficient weight. In general, the results show that the importance attached to the physical appearance of a woman's body is largely determined by the value and psychological component, and that respondents have internalized to some extent social standards that promote slender and thin bodies.
在一个强调外表重要性的社会环境中,女性的价值是基于外表和性,这就提出了一个问题,即它与自己的身体建立了什么关系。这项工作的目的是确定受访者对现代社会文化背景下女性身体外表的重要性的态度以及对自己身体的满意程度。问卷包括Scala对“好”的态度。462名受访者分别填写了外貌(DFI量表)、利口酒式7分量表和摄影身材评定量表(PFRS)。PFRS包含10个不同身体质量指数(BMI)的数字,从苗条的女性到肥胖的女性。对外表的态度并不直接反映在对身体的不满上(这两种构念之间没有联系),但社会对美的理想(瘦的理想)通过许多社会文化渠道传播,被内化了。受访者倾向于在体重不足的BMI类别中选择一个数字(理想)。总的来说,调查结果表明,女性对身体外表的重视程度在很大程度上取决于价值观和心理因素,受访者在一定程度上内化了提倡苗条身材的社会标准。
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引用次数: 0
Holocaust industry? The (American) debate on the instrumentalization of the Shoah at the turn of the century 大屠杀行业?(美国)在世纪之交对大屠杀工具化的辩论
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220622009m
Vera Mevorah, P. Krstić, Marija Velinov
In three books published at the turn of the millennium, the authors talk about the phenomenon of the pronounced presence and significance of the Holocaust in American society: Hilene Flanzbaum?s Americanization of the Holocaust (1999), Peter Novick?s Holocaust in American Life (1999) and Norman Finkelstein?s The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering (2000). These works describe (and criticize) the post-Holocaust memorial world which is characterized by the commodification, commercialization and instrumentalization of the culture of remembrance. Even though each of these authors invoked/understood the term differently, the effect of their works was the introduction of the term ?Holocaust industry? into the public discourse. Today, it has has become an umbrella metaphor for a whole range of practices that represent the instrumentalization, commercialization and commodification of Holocaust remembrance. The paper deals with the process of (political-economic) instrumentalization of the Holocaust, its normalization, naturalization, normativization and mechanization - in Western societies - and criticism of that process. The aim of the paper is to shed light on what is meant by the Holocaust industry and to open space for further reflection and problematization of the Holocaust discourse in the light of the warning that its current commodification and industrialization sends us.
在世纪之交出版的三本书中,作者谈到了大屠杀在美国社会中明显存在的现象和意义:《大屠杀的美国化》(1999),彼得·诺维克?《美国生活中的大屠杀》(1999)和诺曼·芬克尔斯坦?《大屠杀工业:对犹太人苦难剥削的反思》(2000)。这些作品描述(和批评)大屠杀后的纪念世界,其特征是纪念文化的商品化、商业化和工具化。尽管这些作者对这个术语的理解不同,但他们的作品的影响是引入了“大屠杀工业”这个术语。进入公共话语。今天,它已成为一系列实践的总括性隐喻,这些实践代表了大屠杀纪念的工具化、商业化和商品化。本文论述了(政治-经济)将大屠杀工具化、在西方社会将其正常化、归化、正常化和机械化的过程,以及对这一过程的批评。本文的目的是阐明大屠杀产业的含义,并根据目前大屠杀商品化和工业化给我们带来的警告,为进一步反思和将大屠杀话语问题化开辟空间。
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引用次数: 0
Humor and social order: Towards the perspective of figurational sociology 幽默与社会秩序:以比喻社会学为视角
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220530001k
M. Kojic
The paper discusses the division of humor into ?positive? and ?negative?, and focuses also on ?negative? aspects, which allows a comprehensive sociological analysis of this phenomenon. In this sense, the central issue of sociological analysis is the function of humor related to the management of tensions in all types of social relations. The aim of the paper is to relate humor to the maintenance of social order, power relations, hierarchy and discipline. It is about conceiving humor as a regulatory mechanism of social control that is used to ridicule or embarrass actors who violate prevailing social norms. On the other hand ?rebellious? aspect of humor is analyzed, that is, humor conceived as resistance, i.e. ?weapons of the weak?. Given that it is possible to point out both disciplinary and ?rebellious? functions, the debate on the issue of the conservative or subversive nature of humor has not been resolved in the literature. The paper points out the developmental perspective of humor, i.e. the figurational explanation, that focuses on contextual and historical differences in which different functions of humor prevail, and humor is conceived as a kind of ?negotiation? within given social power relations and status relations between actors.
本文讨论了幽默分为积极幽默和消极幽默。和消极的?,也关注“消极”。方面,它允许对这一现象进行全面的社会学分析。从这个意义上说,社会学分析的中心问题是幽默在管理各种社会关系中的紧张关系方面的作用。本文的目的是将幽默与维护社会秩序、权力关系、等级和纪律联系起来。它将幽默视为一种社会控制的调节机制,用来嘲笑或使违反主流社会规范的演员感到尴尬。另一方面,叛逆?分析了幽默的一个方面,即将幽默视为一种反抗,即“弱者的武器”。既然有可能指出纪律和叛逆?功能上,关于幽默的保守性或颠覆性问题的争论在文学中一直没有得到解决。本文提出了幽默的发展视角,即比喻解释,它着眼于语境和历史差异,在语境和历史差异中,幽默的不同功能占主导地位,并将幽默视为一种“协商”。在一定的社会范围内,行动者之间的权力关系和地位关系。
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引用次数: 0
Types of stressors and their influence on human capital in the gaming industry 压力源类型及其对游戏产业人力资本的影响
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc230201016m
J. Marković, J. Jovic
Research indicates a clear need for society to improve the quality of human capital by reducing stress at the workplace in order to improve the well-being of employees, the organization and society. The daily stress of employees has increased on the global stage, therefore research examining different aspects of workplace stress is necessary. The goal of this research was to determine the types of stress among employees in the gaming industry through the analysis of the intensity of their negative emotional response to different sources of work related stress. 753 subjects (80.1% of women, average age 25.2 ? 3.21). The Stress Scale in Young-30 (SSM-30) was used (? = 0.904). The data were processed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural modeling. Research results show that there are four types of workplace stress in the gaming industry (Family stress, Job expectations, Deficits, Burden). The strongest stressor is heavy workload in the workplace. Reactions to different types of stressors are correlated. The most important correlation is expressed between negative emotional responses to high achievement demands and heavy workload showing that employees respond to demands for more engagement at work and the improvement of the work output in a similar way.
研究表明,社会明显需要通过减少工作场所的压力来提高人力资本的质量,以改善员工、组织和社会的福祉。在全球范围内,员工的日常压力有所增加,因此研究工作场所压力的不同方面是必要的。本研究的目的是通过分析游戏行业员工对不同工作压力源的负面情绪反应强度,来确定他们的压力类型。753名受试者(80.1%为女性,平均年龄25.2 ?3.21)。采用Young-30压力量表(SSM-30) (?= 0.904)。采用验证性因子分析和结构模型对数据进行处理。研究结果表明,游戏行业存在四种类型的工作压力(家庭压力,工作期望,赤字,负担)。最大的压力源是工作场所繁重的工作量。对不同类型的压力源的反应是相关的。最重要的相关性表现在对高成就要求和繁重工作量的负面情绪反应之间,这表明员工对更多投入工作的要求和提高工作产出的要求的反应方式相似。
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引用次数: 0
Computational thinking in education - epistemology, pedagogy and politics 教育中的计算思维——认识论、教育学和政治学
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220401005s
Milos Sumonja
The paper discusses computational thinking (CT) in education, as a new curricular content, and as a technosolutionist project to reshape educational practice. Proponents of CT argue that all students should learn to ?think like computer scientists?, because that is a universal mental skill for solving problems. However, practical difficulties in teaching and assessing this skill show that CT is contextually specific to computer programming, which means that its educational universalisation unjustifiably marginalizes other forms of knowledge. At the same time, especially during the pandemic, CT is increasingly permeating education through machine learning softwares, with the pedagogical argument that, like on YouTube or Netfix, algorithmic processing of data on student activities on educational platforms will achieve the progressive ideal of personalized user experience - of learning in an adaptive environment. Thus, however, algorithms shape the curriculum, not institutions. Proponents of digitalization actually confirm that these algorithms are not politically neutral, and that personalization means further privatization of education, when they demand that traditional schools be gradually replaced by educational platforms, while advocating the neoliberal view of education as acquisition of ?human capital?, or skills needed by the digital economy. Hence, ?thinking like a computer scientist? really does not only mean programming, but also creating digital content and data, which is capital for large IT companies.
本文讨论了计算思维在教育中的应用,作为一种新的课程内容,作为一种技术解决方案来重塑教育实践。CT的支持者认为所有的学生都应该学会像计算机科学家一样思考。,因为这是解决问题的普遍心理技能。然而,教学和评估这一技能的实际困难表明,计算机编程是特定于计算机编程的,这意味着它的教育普及不合理地边缘化了其他形式的知识。与此同时,特别是在疫情期间,CT正越来越多地通过机器学习软件渗透到教育中,教学观点认为,就像在YouTube或Netfix上一样,对教育平台上学生活动数据的算法处理将实现个性化用户体验的进步理想-在自适应环境中学习。因此,是算法塑造了课程,而不是制度。数字化的支持者实际上证实了这些算法在政治上不是中立的,个性化意味着教育的进一步私有化,他们要求传统学校逐渐被教育平台所取代,同时提倡新自由主义的教育观,即教育是“人力资本”的获取。或者数字经济所需的技能。因此,像计算机科学家一样思考?它不仅意味着编程,还意味着创造数字内容和数据,这是大型IT公司的资本。
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引用次数: 0
Common good, public interest and the commons: Historical perspective on conceptual delineations and contemporary dilemmas 共同利益、公共利益和公地:概念界定和当代困境的历史视角
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc221116015r
B. Radovanović, Srdjan Prodanovic
The paper endeavours to offer a closer definition of the concepts of common good, public interest and the commons, analysing their usage in a contemporary and historical perspective. The common good has been one of the key subjects of moral and political philosophy since ancient times. Today, the term public interest is often used as a synonym for the term common good. However, we will try to show that they carry a somewhat different meaning. A recent significant echo of the long-standing debate on the common good can be recognized in the discussions surrounding the concept of commons, which refers to cultural, material and intellectual resources to which all members of a community claim the right to use. All three notions contribute to a deeper understanding of community well-being and the way to realize that well-being. However, authors that are studied in the paper emphasize differently the importance of the collectivity and the individual in that process. The concept of the common good, especially for pre-modern thinkers, refers to the good of the community from which follows the good of its members, while the appealing to the interests of individuals is considered immoral. Later, with the development of the concept of public interest, the individual is placed in the centre of consideration, and the well-being of the community is brought into relation with what is in the interest of its members. Ultimately, the notion of the commons brings the collectivity back to focus, and ?togetherness? becomes a key term in addressing the issues of degradation and sustainability of a wide range of goods.
本文试图对共同利益、公共利益和公地的概念给出一个更紧密的定义,并从当代和历史的角度分析了它们的用法。自古以来,公共利益一直是道德和政治哲学的重要主题之一。今天,“公共利益”一词经常被用作“共同利益”一词的同义词。然而,我们将试图表明它们具有不同的含义。在围绕公地概念的讨论中,最近可以认识到关于共同利益的长期辩论的重要回响,公地概念指的是一个社区的所有成员都声称有权使用的文化、物质和智力资源。所有这三个概念都有助于更深入地理解社区福祉以及实现这种福祉的方式。然而,本文所研究的作者在这一过程中对集体和个人的重要性强调不同。公共利益的概念,特别是对前现代思想家来说,指的是共同体的利益,而共同体成员的利益紧随其后,而诉诸个人利益被认为是不道德的。后来,随着公共利益概念的发展,个人被置于考虑的中心,社会的福祉被与社会成员的利益联系起来。最终,公地的概念将集体带回焦点,而“团结”?成为解决各种商品的退化和可持续性问题的关键术语。
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引用次数: 0
The invisible participants of the 1990s wars: A view from the perspective of the millennials from the Hungarian national community in Vojvodina 20世纪90年代战争的隐形参与者:伏伊伏丁那匈牙利民族社区千禧一代的视角
IF 0.3 Q4 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/soc220517003l
Karolina Lendák-Kabók
Although a considerable amount of research was conducted on the topic of the 1990s Yugoslav wars, the affect the war had on Vojvodinian minorities (in this case the Hungarian ethnic minority) received scant attention in the wider academic community. Millennials, born in the 1980s might be the group most adversely affected by the Yugoslav wars. They did not experience anything from the ?old Yugoslavia? which was idolized by many, and which did serve as a welfare state for the generations who were born in the middle of the century. Millennials had to face the diminishment of the big country on the micro level, i.e. in their families as their fathers were receiving military conscription and anxiety was brought in and on the macro level, i.e. in the society being faced with open nationalism, alienation, and the prospect of being side-lined. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of the Yugoslav wars on the ethnic minority millennials childhood and adult life through their narratives about the traumatic experiences caused by the war. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with millennials born in homogenous Hungarian marriage or in a Serbian-Hungarian intermarriage of their parents. The findings show that all the respondents, on a micro level, endured fear and anxiety because of their fathers either went to war or went to live abroad, leaving their family for many years to avoid military conscription. On a macro level, the respondents encountered nationalism-fueled incidents during their schooling or in the street that inevitably became embedded into their identities.
虽然对1990年代南斯拉夫战争的主题进行了大量的研究,但战争对伏伊伏丁岛少数民族(在这种情况下是匈牙利少数民族)的影响在更广泛的学术界很少受到关注。上世纪80年代出生的千禧一代可能是受南斯拉夫战争影响最大的群体。他们没有经历过来自前南斯拉夫的任何事情。它被许多人奉为偶像,它确实为本世纪中叶出生的几代人提供了福利国家。千禧一代在微观层面上面临着大国的式微,即父亲被征召入伍带来的家庭焦虑,在宏观层面上面临着公开的民族主义、异化和被边缘化的社会前景。本文旨在探讨南斯拉夫战争对少数民族千禧一代童年和成年生活的影响,通过他们对战争造成的创伤经历的叙述。这项分析是基于对出生于匈牙利同质婚姻或父母是塞尔维亚-匈牙利异族婚姻的千禧一代进行的半结构化访谈。调查结果显示,在微观层面上,所有受访者都忍受着恐惧和焦虑,因为他们的父亲要么参加了战争,要么去了国外生活,离开家人多年,以避免服兵役。在宏观层面上,受访者在上学期间或在街头遇到了民族主义引发的事件,这些事件不可避免地融入了他们的身份。
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