One of the most commonly used methods for EOR in recent years is the water-alternating-gas (WAG) method, WAG injection is an oil recovery method aiming to improve displacement ratio, sweep efficiency and adjust the alignment of displacement in different layers to improve oil recovery and pressure maintenance. The main mechanism of it is 1) bettering the mobility control, 2) improvement of sweep efficiency (comparing to gas methods) and 3) the displacement efficiency (comparing to waterflooding). Many studies have been done in the past, but due to the increasing hard-to-recover field and facing difficulties during the production, the traditional WAG is facing problems that need to be coupled with. Implementation of new combinational methods and changes in the injection process to meet the needs have been developed during the last two decades. In this study, a simulation investigation has been done to compare proposed changes in the injection process to find the optimal injection scheme for the high heterogeneity - low permeability field. After analyzing the output of the simulation, the results show that each of the technologies has its advantages and disadvantages, and need to be applied according to the field constraints and requirement. Keywords: water alternating gas (WAG); enhanced oil recovery; reservoir simulation; injection scheme; heterogeneity; permeability.
{"title":"Research and simulation study of different technological processes of miscible CO2 water alternating gas injection","authors":"M. М. Irani","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100822","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most commonly used methods for EOR in recent years is the water-alternating-gas (WAG) method, WAG injection is an oil recovery method aiming to improve displacement ratio, sweep efficiency and adjust the alignment of displacement in different layers to improve oil recovery and pressure maintenance. The main mechanism of it is 1) bettering the mobility control, 2) improvement of sweep efficiency (comparing to gas methods) and 3) the displacement efficiency (comparing to waterflooding). Many studies have been done in the past, but due to the increasing hard-to-recover field and facing difficulties during the production, the traditional WAG is facing problems that need to be coupled with. Implementation of new combinational methods and changes in the injection process to meet the needs have been developed during the last two decades. In this study, a simulation investigation has been done to compare proposed changes in the injection process to find the optimal injection scheme for the high heterogeneity - low permeability field. After analyzing the output of the simulation, the results show that each of the technologies has its advantages and disadvantages, and need to be applied according to the field constraints and requirement. Keywords: water alternating gas (WAG); enhanced oil recovery; reservoir simulation; injection scheme; heterogeneity; permeability.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the gas release in the process of drilling wells from jack-up drilling rigs. The article attempts to analyze the nature of the change in pressure at the blowout of the preventer after its closure due to gas releases on jack-up drilling rigs. Numerous observations in drilling rigs have shown that the pressure value increases rapidly to a maximum, then gradually decreases and stabilizes at a certain value. There are cases when the value of pressure increases rapidly. Then, without decreasing, it stabilizes. It is proposed that the phenomenon of gas segregation in a well, leading to an increase in pressure, has theoretical and practical significance. In addition, in a real well, a change in bottom hole pressure can occur under various conditions, if the rate of pressure growth due to gas segregation in the riser pipes is greater than the pressure rate due to the work of the formation, while part of the fluid from the well must be squeezed out into the formation. Keywords: well drilling; gas release; complications; open fountain; drilling fluid; preventer; gas segregation; oil and gas.
{"title":"Study of gas and liquid separation in a closed drilling well with self-propelled drilling rigs","authors":"Р. S. Ibrahimov","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100867","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the gas release in the process of drilling wells from jack-up drilling rigs. The article attempts to analyze the nature of the change in pressure at the blowout of the preventer after its closure due to gas releases on jack-up drilling rigs. Numerous observations in drilling rigs have shown that the pressure value increases rapidly to a maximum, then gradually decreases and stabilizes at a certain value. There are cases when the value of pressure increases rapidly. Then, without decreasing, it stabilizes. It is proposed that the phenomenon of gas segregation in a well, leading to an increase in pressure, has theoretical and practical significance. In addition, in a real well, a change in bottom hole pressure can occur under various conditions, if the rate of pressure growth due to gas segregation in the riser pipes is greater than the pressure rate due to the work of the formation, while part of the fluid from the well must be squeezed out into the formation. Keywords: well drilling; gas release; complications; open fountain; drilling fluid; preventer; gas segregation; oil and gas.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method is proposed for developing an oil deposit based on low-temperature oil oxidation as a result of initiating an exothermic reaction and subsequent injection of oxygen-containing gas into the reservoir. In the proposed method, which includes successive injection of aqueous solutions of potassium salt and sulfuric acid into the well, light oil or gas condensate is injected into the deposit before injection of the aqueous acid solution. Further, after injection of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid into the formation, air is pumped with further pushing with water. In the method, a 16% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate is used as an aqueous solution of potassium salt. The application of the proposed technology led to an increase in the temperature in the reservoir above 200 °C and an increase in the displacement efficiency up to 19.7%. Keywords: thermal chemical treatment; production stimulation; low-temperature reservoir; enhanced oil recovery; low temperature oxidation; oil displacement.
{"title":"Thermal-gas-chemical method for oil production intensification in low-temperature reservoirs","authors":"Khidir M. Ibrahimov","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100839","url":null,"abstract":"A method is proposed for developing an oil deposit based on low-temperature oil oxidation as a result of initiating an exothermic reaction and subsequent injection of oxygen-containing gas into the reservoir. In the proposed method, which includes successive injection of aqueous solutions of potassium salt and sulfuric acid into the well, light oil or gas condensate is injected into the deposit before injection of the aqueous acid solution. Further, after injection of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid into the formation, air is pumped with further pushing with water. In the method, a 16% aqueous solution of potassium dichromate is used as an aqueous solution of potassium salt. The application of the proposed technology led to an increase in the temperature in the reservoir above 200 °C and an increase in the displacement efficiency up to 19.7%. Keywords: thermal chemical treatment; production stimulation; low-temperature reservoir; enhanced oil recovery; low temperature oxidation; oil displacement.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of research on the influence of various technological factors on the reliability of machines and equipment operated in emergency situations and extreme conditions. The regularities obtained are discussed. Keywords: machines; equipment; technological factors; extreme conditions; reliability; emergency; working efficiency.
{"title":"Study of the influence of various technological factors on the reliability of machines and equipment operating in emergency situations and extreme conditions","authors":"A. M. Gafarov, P. G. Suleymanov","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100865","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the influence of various technological factors on the reliability of machines and equipment operated in emergency situations and extreme conditions. The regularities obtained are discussed. Keywords: machines; equipment; technological factors; extreme conditions; reliability; emergency; working efficiency.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the presented work, the effect of modified carbon nanotubes on various reagents used to increase the oil recovery factor (ORF) was studied. It was found that nanotubes contribute to the stabilization of the foam in the studied reagents, which had a positive effect on the increase in the recovery factor. Keywords: nanotechnologies; enhanced oil displacement, carbon nanotubes.
{"title":"Some aspects of the use of carbon nanotubes for enhanced oil recovery","authors":"V. Shamilov, E. Babayev","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100863","url":null,"abstract":"In the presented work, the effect of modified carbon nanotubes on various reagents used to increase the oil recovery factor (ORF) was studied. It was found that nanotubes contribute to the stabilization of the foam in the studied reagents, which had a positive effect on the increase in the recovery factor. Keywords: nanotechnologies; enhanced oil displacement, carbon nanotubes.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new concept of imitation-modeling of dynamic systems is being developed. The basic idea and terms of the concept, the principles of creating an imitation-modeling of a physical process based on interconnected objects are presented. The proposed concept is applied to modeling the process of developing a volatile oil reservoir operated by a well equipped with a submersible rodless pump in the «pumpwell-reservoir» system. Algorithms have been developed to optimize the pump suspension depth and the duration of the waiting and pumping periods in continuous and periodic modes. Keywords: integral modeling; computer simulation; imitation-modeling; volatile oil; submersible-pump; pump-well-reservoir system.
{"title":"A new concept of the dynamic systems imitation-modeling: theory and application","authors":"M. Jamalbayov, N. Valiyev","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100830","url":null,"abstract":"A new concept of imitation-modeling of dynamic systems is being developed. The basic idea and terms of the concept, the principles of creating an imitation-modeling of a physical process based on interconnected objects are presented. The proposed concept is applied to modeling the process of developing a volatile oil reservoir operated by a well equipped with a submersible rodless pump in the «pumpwell-reservoir» system. Algorithms have been developed to optimize the pump suspension depth and the duration of the waiting and pumping periods in continuous and periodic modes. Keywords: integral modeling; computer simulation; imitation-modeling; volatile oil; submersible-pump; pump-well-reservoir system.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the development of an intelligent System for the operational maintenance of the level of oil and gas production as part of the implementation of the Strategy for the development of information technologies for data management and the Program for the development of digitalization of fields of JSC «NC Kazmunaigas». The advantage of the system is multitasking and using almost all the data coming from production facilities in real time. The main task of the system is to manage a group of wells taking into account their mutual influence to maximize oil production and reduce the negative impact of uncoordinated well operation without damaging the rational system of field development. A significant feature of the developed system is the creation of complex algorithms for predicting the main development indicators using artificial neural networks based on a combination of CRM (capacity resistance model), FFNN (neural network with direct communication), MBM (material balance model) and BFGS (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm) methods. During the pilot test on 10 wells, the modes were adjusted according to the recommendations issued by the system and the system confirmed its operability and effectiveness of application. Keywords: virtual flow meter; labor productivity; return distribution; machine learning; rational development system; neural networks.
{"title":"Development of intelligent system operational maintenance of the level of oil and gas production and waterflooding management","authors":"B. A. Shilanbayev, S. V. Ishangaliyev","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100824","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the development of an intelligent System for the operational maintenance of the level of oil and gas production as part of the implementation of the Strategy for the development of information technologies for data management and the Program for the development of digitalization of fields of JSC «NC Kazmunaigas». The advantage of the system is multitasking and using almost all the data coming from production facilities in real time. The main task of the system is to manage a group of wells taking into account their mutual influence to maximize oil production and reduce the negative impact of uncoordinated well operation without damaging the rational system of field development. A significant feature of the developed system is the creation of complex algorithms for predicting the main development indicators using artificial neural networks based on a combination of CRM (capacity resistance model), FFNN (neural network with direct communication), MBM (material balance model) and BFGS (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm) methods. During the pilot test on 10 wells, the modes were adjusted according to the recommendations issued by the system and the system confirmed its operability and effectiveness of application. Keywords: virtual flow meter; labor productivity; return distribution; machine learning; rational development system; neural networks.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article are presented the results of stress-strain state and the bearing capacity of compression pipe-concrete elements studies. The studies were carried by using a fractional-rational diagram of relationship between stress and strain proposed in the Eurocode for a compressed concrete core inside a pipe and a symmetrical two-line diagram with limited area of fluidity for any values of an arbitrary flexibility of element and eccentricity of compressive force. On the carried research basis has been developed an effective numerical technique for determining the stress-strain state and the bearing capacity of compressed pipe-concrete elements. In calculation technique constructing, the task solution is reduced to system of nonlinear algebraic equations solving, relative to the deformation level in the most stressed section of the compressed concrete core section and the position of the neutral axis in this section. The efficiency of the proposed calculation method has been verified by numerous numerical experiments. It is shown that depending on the element's flexibility and the compressive force's eccentricity, at the moment of bearing capacity loss, the operation of the steel pipe can be both elastic and elasticplastic, and this is determined only by calculations using the proposed general method. Keywords: concrete; steel pipe; «load-deflection» graph; deformation; stress; deflection; stress-strain state; bearing capacity; eccentricity.
{"title":"Stress-strain state and load ability of compressed pipe-concrete elements","authors":"М. А. Gadjiyev, I. G. Guseynov, U. М. Gadjiyeva","doi":"10.5510/ogp2023si100836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2023si100836","url":null,"abstract":"In the article are presented the results of stress-strain state and the bearing capacity of compression pipe-concrete elements studies. The studies were carried by using a fractional-rational diagram of relationship between stress and strain proposed in the Eurocode for a compressed concrete core inside a pipe and a symmetrical two-line diagram with limited area of fluidity for any values of an arbitrary flexibility of element and eccentricity of compressive force. On the carried research basis has been developed an effective numerical technique for determining the stress-strain state and the bearing capacity of compressed pipe-concrete elements. In calculation technique constructing, the task solution is reduced to system of nonlinear algebraic equations solving, relative to the deformation level in the most stressed section of the compressed concrete core section and the position of the neutral axis in this section. The efficiency of the proposed calculation method has been verified by numerous numerical experiments. It is shown that depending on the element's flexibility and the compressive force's eccentricity, at the moment of bearing capacity loss, the operation of the steel pipe can be both elastic and elasticplastic, and this is determined only by calculations using the proposed general method. Keywords: concrete; steel pipe; «load-deflection» graph; deformation; stress; deflection; stress-strain state; bearing capacity; eccentricity.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of this work, a numerical finite element model of the near-wellbore zone was developed, including its main structural elements and an area with no cement stone. On the example of the achimov deposits of one of the oil fields of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region, multivariate modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone under conditions of poor-quality cementing was performed. It was revealed that the angular component of stresses has the maximum values in the casing. It is shown that the most probable destruction of the production casing is possible when pressure is not applied in the area of the zone with absence of cement. It is determined that the fracture zones of the column occur for the angle of the area with absence of cement from 25° to 110°, while these areas are characterized by maximum, both tensile and compressive stresses. Keywords: casing; cement stone; elastic-strength properties; near-wellbore zone; numerical model; finite element method; stress-strain state.
{"title":"Geomechanical modeling and the casing stability analysis in conditions of cement stone partial absence","authors":"S. Popov","doi":"10.5510/ogp2022si200726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2022si200726","url":null,"abstract":"As part of this work, a numerical finite element model of the near-wellbore zone was developed, including its main structural elements and an area with no cement stone. On the example of the achimov deposits of one of the oil fields of the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region, multivariate modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone under conditions of poor-quality cementing was performed. It was revealed that the angular component of stresses has the maximum values in the casing. It is shown that the most probable destruction of the production casing is possible when pressure is not applied in the area of the zone with absence of cement. It is determined that the fracture zones of the column occur for the angle of the area with absence of cement from 25° to 110°, while these areas are characterized by maximum, both tensile and compressive stresses. Keywords: casing; cement stone; elastic-strength properties; near-wellbore zone; numerical model; finite element method; stress-strain state.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79856821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparison of the stress-strain state of a drill-string section for two cases of its position in the well interval with a cavern is aim of the article. The drill pipe body is placed in the middle of a cavern in a first case and the drill pipe tool joint is placed in the middle of a cavern in a second case. The method of finite elements that is realized in the engineering simulation software is used for research. The precise geometrical parameters of the drill pipes including a upset part and a screw joint; the character of the contact between a drill string and a well side; the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock; acting of the weight, the axial force, the bending moment and the torque are considered in to account during the calculation. The results of the calculation show that difference between the magnitudes of the normal stress on the drill pipe surface for mentioned above two cases is 45%; the difference between maximal bending is 65%. Totally, our research shows that position of the drill string relatively to a well side with a cavern acts on its stress-strain state with another changeless conditions. It means that proposed in this article calculations are recommended for the dangerous well intervals. Keywords: drill string; stress; strain; cavern.
{"title":"Application of fuzzy logic for risk assessment of investment projects","authors":"R. Rachkevych, I. Chudyk, I. Rachkevych","doi":"10.5510/ogp2022si200756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5510/ogp2022si200756","url":null,"abstract":"Comparison of the stress-strain state of a drill-string section for two cases of its position in the well interval with a cavern is aim of the article. The drill pipe body is placed in the middle of a cavern in a first case and the drill pipe tool joint is placed in the middle of a cavern in a second case. The method of finite elements that is realized in the engineering simulation software is used for research. The precise geometrical parameters of the drill pipes including a upset part and a screw joint; the character of the contact between a drill string and a well side; the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock; acting of the weight, the axial force, the bending moment and the torque are considered in to account during the calculation. The results of the calculation show that difference between the magnitudes of the normal stress on the drill pipe surface for mentioned above two cases is 45%; the difference between maximal bending is 65%. Totally, our research shows that position of the drill string relatively to a well side with a cavern acts on its stress-strain state with another changeless conditions. It means that proposed in this article calculations are recommended for the dangerous well intervals. Keywords: drill string; stress; strain; cavern.","PeriodicalId":43516,"journal":{"name":"SOCAR Proceedings","volume":"517 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76570094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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