Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601004
Xavier Villalba
Pragmatics has made a Copernican shift from Gricean intentional approaches to normative approaches based in commitments. This has been good news for assertions, and questions of several stripes, but we still don’t know whether the commitment approach can be extended to expressive speech acts in general, and exclamations in particular. In this article, I will show that an approach to exclamations based on commitments at different levels of meaning, namely, the descriptive and expressive level, can be devised and it can offer interesting answers to old issues, like the contribution of exclamations to discourse, or their at-issue status, while raising new theoretical and empirical questions on lying and deceiving and commitment strength.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601006
S. Wermelinger, Moritz M. Daum, Anja Gampe
In this paper, we review recent findings on the development of communicative behaviour of monolingual and bilingual toddlers and preschoolers. We describe how the unique experience of growing up with two (or more) languages affects children’s everyday experiences and the pragmatics of their communicative behaviour. Deriving from this literature, we introduce a novel perspective on children’s development of communicative behaviour (COMmmunicative-Experience, COME), discussing potential mechanisms behind this pragmatic behaviour. It assumes that children experience communicative situations of varying efficiency and that these experiences shape their communicative behaviour: The more experiences children have with non-effective communicative situations, the larger their communicative repertoire becomes and the more flexibly this repertoire can be applied in a given situation. Notably, the COME perspective is not limited to bilingual communicative development but can be applied to a variety of other pragmatic contexts. Therefore, we broaden the discussion by identifying open questions for future research.
{"title":"From everyday exposure to pragmatic mastery","authors":"S. Wermelinger, Moritz M. Daum, Anja Gampe","doi":"10.1163/18773109-01601006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01601006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we review recent findings on the development of communicative behaviour of monolingual and bilingual toddlers and preschoolers. We describe how the unique experience of growing up with two (or more) languages affects children’s everyday experiences and the pragmatics of their communicative behaviour. Deriving from this literature, we introduce a novel perspective on children’s development of communicative behaviour (COMmmunicative-Experience, COME), discussing potential mechanisms behind this pragmatic behaviour. It assumes that children experience communicative situations of varying efficiency and that these experiences shape their communicative behaviour: The more experiences children have with non-effective communicative situations, the larger their communicative repertoire becomes and the more flexibly this repertoire can be applied in a given situation. Notably, the COME perspective is not limited to bilingual communicative development but can be applied to a variety of other pragmatic contexts. Therefore, we broaden the discussion by identifying open questions for future research.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139803001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601001
Miguel A. Aijón Oliva
Spanish third-person reflexive clitic se allows for passive and impersonal uses that can sometimes be pragmatically interpreted as directive in spite of their declarative form, e.g. Eso no se hace ‘That is not done’. This paper explores the grammatical, semantic and referential factors that promote such an interpretation, using a corpus of oral and written Peninsular media discourse and adopting a qualitative approach. Deontic readings are shown to be connected with more general uses of reflexive constructions as evidential and/or modal markers. Agent defocusing and imperfective verbal aspect construct an objective viewpoint of discourse whereby the event is detached from particular communicative circumstances. At the same time, contextual elements acting as space builders counter such objectivity by guiding the interpretation of the utterance as primarily concerning the direct participants. The analysis suggests that the inherent meanings of grammatical constructions are at the basis of their pragmatic potential in specific contexts.
西班牙文第三人称反身动词 "se "允许被动和非个人使用，尽管其形式是陈述句，但有时在语用上可被解释为指令句，例如 "Eso no se hace""That is not done"。本文采用定性方法，使用半岛媒体口头和书面话语语料库，探讨了促进这种解释的语法、语义和指代因素。研究表明，"做了 "的解释与反身结构作为证据和/或情态标记的一般用法有关。代理人失焦和不完全动词方面构建了话语的客观视角，使事件脱离了特定的交际环境。与此同时，作为空间构建者的语境要素通过引导语篇解释为主要涉及直接参与者来反驳这种客观性。分析表明，语法结构的固有意义是其在特定语境中的语用潜力的基础。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601001
Miguel A. Aijón Oliva
Spanish third-person reflexive clitic se allows for passive and impersonal uses that can sometimes be pragmatically interpreted as directive in spite of their declarative form, e.g. Eso no se hace ‘That is not done’. This paper explores the grammatical, semantic and referential factors that promote such an interpretation, using a corpus of oral and written Peninsular media discourse and adopting a qualitative approach. Deontic readings are shown to be connected with more general uses of reflexive constructions as evidential and/or modal markers. Agent defocusing and imperfective verbal aspect construct an objective viewpoint of discourse whereby the event is detached from particular communicative circumstances. At the same time, contextual elements acting as space builders counter such objectivity by guiding the interpretation of the utterance as primarily concerning the direct participants. The analysis suggests that the inherent meanings of grammatical constructions are at the basis of their pragmatic potential in specific contexts.
西班牙文第三人称反身动词 "se "允许被动和非个人使用，尽管其形式是陈述句，但有时在语用上可被解释为指令句，例如 "Eso no se hace""That is not done"。本文采用定性方法，使用半岛媒体口头和书面话语语料库，探讨了促进这种解释的语法、语义和指代因素。研究表明，"做了 "的解释与反身结构作为证据和/或情态标记的一般用法有关。代理人失焦和不完全动词方面构建了话语的客观视角，使事件脱离了特定的交际环境。与此同时，作为空间构建者的语境要素通过引导语篇解释为主要涉及直接参与者来反驳这种客观性。分析表明，语法结构的固有意义是其在特定语境中的语用潜力的基础。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601003
Patrick Duffley, P. Larrivée
The purpose of this study is to assess from a corpus-based discourse-pragmatic perspective certain claims made in the literature concerning English wh- concessive conditional constructions (e.g. Whoever/No matter who comes to the party, it will be fun), namely that these utterance-types correlate with interrogative semantics, scalarity and potential modality. By means of an extensive investigation of corpus data these claims are shown to be largely unsupported by attested usage. Based on Dancygier and Sweetser’s classification of conditional constructions, it is found that potential modality is paradigmatic only of content-level concessive conditionals, and not of the epistemic, speech-act or metalinguistic varieties. Contrary to claims in the literature, scalarity is demonstrated to not be typical of wh- concessive conditionals. The lack of scalarity in most wh- concessive conditionals is argued to cast into doubt the category label “concessive conditional” applied to these constructions in a substantial part of the literature and to favour an alternative designation such as “irrelevance conditional.” The empirical data further reveals that wh- concessive conditionals practically never involve pure ignorance, and this is argued to be problematic on the discourse-pragmatic level for the claim that they have interrogative semantics.
本研究的目的是从基于语料库的话语语用角度来评估文献中关于英语wh-让步条件结构（如Whoever/No matter who comes to the party, it will be fun）的某些说法，即这些语篇类型与疑问语义、标度和潜在模态相关。通过对语料库数据的广泛调查，我们发现这些说法在很大程度上并没有得到有据可查的用法的支持。根据 Dancygier 和 Sweetser 对条件结构的分类，我们发现潜在模态仅是内容层面让步条件句的范式，而不是认识论、言语行为或金属语言学的范式。与文献中的说法相反，标度性并不是wh-让步条件句的典型特征。大多数wh-让步条件式都缺乏标度性，这就使相当一部分文献对这些结构所使用的 "让步条件式 "类别标签产生了怀疑，并倾向于使用 "无关性条件式 "这样的替代名称。实证数据进一步揭示了wh-让步条件句实际上从不涉及纯粹的无知，并认为这在话语语用层面上对它们具有询问语义的说法是有问题的。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601005
Nobuhiko Yamanaka
This paper discusses a subtype of the speech act of confessing, namely, telling something which the speaker assumes to be unknown to the hearer and damaging to him/herself. Based on Coleman and Kay (1981), a prototype of that subtype is hypothesised and cases lacking in any of its elements are illustrated. Further, the prototypical scenario proposed in Lakoff (1987) is applied to the speech act of confessing to describe all the processes and effects of confessing. The data consist of confessional scenes played by characters in literary works either written in or translated into English.
{"title":"Prototype-based pragmatics of confessing","authors":"Nobuhiko Yamanaka","doi":"10.1163/18773109-01601005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01601005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper discusses a subtype of the speech act of confessing, namely, telling something which the speaker assumes to be unknown to the hearer and damaging to him/herself. Based on Coleman and Kay (1981), a prototype of that subtype is hypothesised and cases lacking in any of its elements are illustrated. Further, the prototypical scenario proposed in Lakoff (1987) is applied to the speech act of confessing to describe all the processes and effects of confessing. The data consist of confessional scenes played by characters in literary works either written in or translated into English.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601002
Ali Basarati, Fateme Zohrabi
The paper aims at studying how the discourse of the Iranian Supreme Leader communicates threat and how it presents the reality of Iran’s future in light of policy options. Our data comes from 50 speeches of the Iranian Supreme Leader, delivered between 2005–2020. Adopting the Proximisation Theory, we indicate that spatial and axiological threats are conceptualised in the SL’s discourse as encroaching upon the present and future to impact the Islamic Republic of Iran. But, at the same time, the SL’s discourse depicts the impact consequences as relatively remote from Iran’s present and possible to materialise in the future space provided that certain preliminary circumstances are fulfilled. In this regard, aiming to neutralise the construed threats, the SL’s discourse depicts the privileged vision of the future space involving hortatory preemptive policies. We indicate that the SL’s discourse employs the construal of threats to necessitate and justify taking up future-building preemptive policies.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601003
Patrick Duffley, P. Larrivée
The purpose of this study is to assess from a corpus-based discourse-pragmatic perspective certain claims made in the literature concerning English wh- concessive conditional constructions (e.g. Whoever/No matter who comes to the party, it will be fun), namely that these utterance-types correlate with interrogative semantics, scalarity and potential modality. By means of an extensive investigation of corpus data these claims are shown to be largely unsupported by attested usage. Based on Dancygier and Sweetser’s classification of conditional constructions, it is found that potential modality is paradigmatic only of content-level concessive conditionals, and not of the epistemic, speech-act or metalinguistic varieties. Contrary to claims in the literature, scalarity is demonstrated to not be typical of wh- concessive conditionals. The lack of scalarity in most wh- concessive conditionals is argued to cast into doubt the category label “concessive conditional” applied to these constructions in a substantial part of the literature and to favour an alternative designation such as “irrelevance conditional.” The empirical data further reveals that wh- concessive conditionals practically never involve pure ignorance, and this is argued to be problematic on the discourse-pragmatic level for the claim that they have interrogative semantics.
本研究的目的是从基于语料库的话语语用角度来评估文献中关于英语wh-让步条件结构（如Whoever/No matter who comes to the party, it will be fun）的某些说法，即这些语篇类型与疑问语义、标度和潜在模态相关。通过对语料库数据的广泛调查，我们发现这些说法在很大程度上并没有得到有据可查的用法的支持。根据 Dancygier 和 Sweetser 对条件结构的分类，我们发现潜在模态仅是内容层面让步条件句的范式，而不是认识论、言语行为或金属语言学的范式。与文献中的说法相反，标度性并不是wh-让步条件句的典型特征。大多数wh-让步条件式都缺乏标度性，这就使相当一部分文献对这些结构所使用的 "让步条件式 "类别标签产生了怀疑，并倾向于使用 "无关性条件式 "这样的替代名称。实证数据进一步揭示了wh-让步条件句实际上从不涉及纯粹的无知，并认为这在话语语用层面上对它们具有询问语义的说法是有问题的。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01601004
Xavier Villalba
Pragmatics has made a Copernican shift from Gricean intentional approaches to normative approaches based in commitments. This has been good news for assertions, and questions of several stripes, but we still don’t know whether the commitment approach can be extended to expressive speech acts in general, and exclamations in particular. In this article, I will show that an approach to exclamations based on commitments at different levels of meaning, namely, the descriptive and expressive level, can be devised and it can offer interesting answers to old issues, like the contribution of exclamations to discourse, or their at-issue status, while raising new theoretical and empirical questions on lying and deceiving and commitment strength.
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Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.1163/18773109-01502003
Winping Kuo
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought considerable challenges to public health, but also diffusions of fake news on social media platforms, taking on the moniker of “infodemic”. To have a better understanding of the infodemic, this research takes 580 pandemic-related fake news stories from two Taiwanese fact-checking platforms and 180,000 real news articles from four major newspapers in Taiwan spanning from January 2020 to August 2021. The paper presents lexical usages and discourses of fake news from the perspective of corpus-assisted discourse study. Keyword comparison and collocational network analysis are adopted as the major analytic framework to identify keyness keywords and to uncover the discourses embedded in COVID-19 fake news. Results suggest that pandemic-related fake news tend to emphasize the themes of virus, vaccine, and immunity regarding the content keywords. Personal pronouns that differentiate us and them, conjunctions used to construct causal explanations, time-frames that denote a confirmed social fact in false stories are also prominent lexical usages in COVID-19 fake news. Notably, verbs related to promoting action and expressions of polite requests are often fabricated in fake news messages. Collocational network reveals five main themes in pandemic-related fake news: virus, vaccine and vaccination, symptom, food and drink, caution and warning and mask wearing. This paper concludes that more than simply differentiating between true and false, fake news involve miscellaneous discursive constructions of existing political, social, and cultural dimensions within alternative and unverified reality.
{"title":"Infodemic in the era of the pandemic","authors":"Winping Kuo","doi":"10.1163/18773109-01502003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01502003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought considerable challenges to public health, but also diffusions of fake news on social media platforms, taking on the moniker of “infodemic”. To have a better understanding of the infodemic, this research takes 580 pandemic-related fake news stories from two Taiwanese fact-checking platforms and 180,000 real news articles from four major newspapers in Taiwan spanning from January 2020 to August 2021. The paper presents lexical usages and discourses of fake news from the perspective of corpus-assisted discourse study. Keyword comparison and collocational network analysis are adopted as the major analytic framework to identify keyness keywords and to uncover the discourses embedded in COVID-19 fake news. Results suggest that pandemic-related fake news tend to emphasize the themes of virus, vaccine, and immunity regarding the content keywords. Personal pronouns that differentiate us and them, conjunctions used to construct causal explanations, time-frames that denote a confirmed social fact in false stories are also prominent lexical usages in COVID-19 fake news. Notably, verbs related to promoting action and expressions of polite requests are often fabricated in fake news messages. Collocational network reveals five main themes in pandemic-related fake news: virus, vaccine and vaccination, symptom, food and drink, caution and warning and mask wearing. This paper concludes that more than simply differentiating between true and false, fake news involve miscellaneous discursive constructions of existing political, social, and cultural dimensions within alternative and unverified reality.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41329326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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