Pub Date : 2017-01-30DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00901004
Roberta Colonna Dahlman
The protagonist projection hypothesis was formulated by Holton (1997) in order to account for cases where the speaker seems to utter contradictory statements. Holton argues that in these cases the speaker projects herself into the mind of someone else. Three different sentence-types have been classified as examples of protagonist projection: (i) sentences with factive verbs (tell+wh, know), (ii) sentences that realize free indirect discourse, and (iii) sentences that do not realize free indirect discourse, but are still assumed to be instances of speaking from someone else's perspective. Regarding the sentences in (i), I argue, following Tsohatzidis (1993, 1997, 2012), that neither tell+wh nor know must be considered as factive predicates. As for the sentences of type (ii), I conclude that free indirect discourse is an instance of protagonist projection. Finally, the sentences of type (iii) are accounted for as cases of utterances whose syntax is partially unpronounced. (Less)
{"title":"The protagonist projection hypothesis: Do we need it?","authors":"Roberta Colonna Dahlman","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00901004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00901004","url":null,"abstract":"The protagonist projection hypothesis was formulated by Holton (1997) in order to account for cases where the speaker seems to utter contradictory statements. Holton argues that in these cases the speaker projects herself into the mind of someone else. Three different sentence-types have been classified as examples of protagonist projection: (i) sentences with factive verbs (tell+wh, know), (ii) sentences that realize free indirect discourse, and (iii) sentences that do not realize free indirect discourse, but are still assumed to be instances of speaking from someone else's perspective. Regarding the sentences in (i), I argue, following Tsohatzidis (1993, 1997, 2012), that neither tell+wh nor know must be considered as factive predicates. As for the sentences of type (ii), I conclude that free indirect discourse is an instance of protagonist projection. Finally, the sentences of type (iii) are accounted for as cases of utterances whose syntax is partially unpronounced. (Less)","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"134-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00901004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45942626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-30DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00901003
Elly Ifantidou
Pragmatic transfer traces back to Thomas’ (1983, 1984) definition of “pragmatic failure” as a violation of sociolinguistic rules which result in misinterpretation (for a historical overview, see Bou Franch, 2012). As a result, negative transfer has received a great deal of attention for being a cause of miscommunication in L2 and a domain where corrective strategies towards native-like performance were much in need (see Kasper, 1992). In this study, positive transfer is triggered by a cognitive procedure rather than a sociolinguistic skill and is examined in terms of learners’ acquired ability to infer pragmatic meanings in L1 and L2. Using the relevance-theoretic distinction of conceptual-procedural meaning (Wilson, 2011), the study seeks to unveil facilitating effects of L1, L2 and interventions on participants’ ability to interpret newspaper editorials while using procedural expressions as evidence for pragmatic inferences drawn.
{"title":"Pragmatic transfer, relevance and procedural meaning in L2","authors":"Elly Ifantidou","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00901003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00901003","url":null,"abstract":"Pragmatic transfer traces back to Thomas’ (1983, 1984) definition of “pragmatic failure” as a violation of sociolinguistic rules which result in misinterpretation (for a historical overview, see Bou Franch, 2012). As a result, negative transfer has received a great deal of attention for being a cause of miscommunication in L2 and a domain where corrective strategies towards native-like performance were much in need (see Kasper, 1992). In this study, positive transfer is triggered by a cognitive procedure rather than a sociolinguistic skill and is examined in terms of learners’ acquired ability to infer pragmatic meanings in L1 and L2. Using the relevance-theoretic distinction of conceptual-procedural meaning (Wilson, 2011), the study seeks to unveil facilitating effects of L1, L2 and interventions on participants’ ability to interpret newspaper editorials while using procedural expressions as evidence for pragmatic inferences drawn.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"82-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00901003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00000003
Beáta Gyuris
The aim of this paper is to provide new insights for the analysis of bias in polar questions by showing that the distinction proposed by Sudo (2013) between evidential and epistemic biases leads to an integrated picture of the Hungarian system of polar interrogatives. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of this system is given here and it is shown how the contributions of certain formal features, such as the interrogative and the negative particles, can be captured independently. This perspective helps to explain restrictions on the occurrences of the different forms of polar interrogatives in Hungarian with respect to a large number of question uses. The paper derives the biases associated with the individual constituents from different sources and makes some proposals on how their impact could be incorporated into a formal model of dialogue.
{"title":"New perspectives on bias in polar questions: A study of Hungarian -e","authors":"Beáta Gyuris","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00000003","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to provide new insights for the analysis of bias in polar questions by showing that the distinction proposed by Sudo (2013) between evidential and epistemic biases leads to an integrated picture of the Hungarian system of polar interrogatives. For the first time, a comprehensive analysis of this system is given here and it is shown how the contributions of certain formal features, such as the interrogative and the negative particles, can be captured independently. This perspective helps to explain restrictions on the occurrences of the different forms of polar interrogatives in Hungarian with respect to a large number of question uses. The paper derives the biases associated with the individual constituents from different sources and makes some proposals on how their impact could be incorporated into a formal model of dialogue.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00000003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00901006
Gerard O’Grady
Simon-Vandenbergen (2000: 61) concluded her study of I think in political discourse by noting the importance of further study of its prosodic realisation. Consequently, I investigate the prosodic realisations of I think in political debates. At the same time, I examine the lexico-grammatical form of the construction, and its surrounding co-text. My exploration confirmed that I think is frequent in political speech, and revealed that it projected four types of meanings. Three of the meanings occurred irrespective of the intonational choices, though prosody influenced the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular meaning. There was a greater likelihood of the speaker expressing a tentative statement if think was prominent/tonic. Intonational prominence on I explicitly warranted the source of the evaluation. When the construction did not contain an intonational prominence it tended to signal commitment to a proposition, or if followed by a filled pause or rhythmic disjunction a hesitation marker.
{"title":"\"I think\" in televised political debate","authors":"Gerard O’Grady","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00901006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00901006","url":null,"abstract":"Simon-Vandenbergen (2000: 61) concluded her study of I think in political discourse by noting the importance of further study of its prosodic realisation. Consequently, I investigate the prosodic realisations of I think in political debates. At the same time, I examine the lexico-grammatical form of the construction, and its surrounding co-text. My exploration confirmed that I think is frequent in political speech, and revealed that it projected four types of meanings. Three of the meanings occurred irrespective of the intonational choices, though prosody influenced the likelihood of the occurrence of a particular meaning. There was a greater likelihood of the speaker expressing a tentative statement if think was prominent/tonic. Intonational prominence on I explicitly warranted the source of the evaluation. When the construction did not contain an intonational prominence it tended to signal commitment to a proposition, or if followed by a filled pause or rhythmic disjunction a hesitation marker.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"21 1","pages":"269-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00901006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00901009
Ariel Vázquez Carranza
Using the methodology of Conversation Analysis, the present investigation studies the particle ‘no’ in Mexican Spanish naturally occurring interactions. ‘No’ is analysed in two sequential contexts: assessment sequences (i.e., two assessments, each produced by different speakers, one after the other) and activity transition (i.e., when speakers go from one activity/topic to another). In the first sequential context ‘no’ appears prefacing an upgraded version of the assessment produced adjacently before (i.e., in second position of the sequence). In this context, ‘no’ works to show primacy of epistemic rights, it marks the previous assessment as an understatement, ‘no’ agrees with the previous assessment’s valence but not with its strength. A multiple saying of ‘no’ prefaces an assessment and makes it more emphatic. In the second sequential context, ‘no’ appears to work as a marker of transition between conversational activities, i.e, speakers use ‘no’ to transit from one activity/topic to another.
{"title":"Some uses of ‘no’ in Spanish talk-in-interactions","authors":"Ariel Vázquez Carranza","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00901009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00901009","url":null,"abstract":"Using the methodology of Conversation Analysis, the present investigation studies the particle ‘no’ in Mexican Spanish naturally occurring interactions. ‘No’ is analysed in two sequential contexts: assessment sequences (i.e., two assessments, each produced by different speakers, one after the other) and activity transition (i.e., when speakers go from one activity/topic to another). In the first sequential context ‘no’ appears prefacing an upgraded version of the assessment produced adjacently before (i.e., in second position of the sequence). In this context, ‘no’ works to show primacy of epistemic rights, it marks the previous assessment as an understatement, ‘no’ agrees with the previous assessment’s valence but not with its strength. A multiple saying of ‘no’ prefaces an assessment and makes it more emphatic. In the second sequential context, ‘no’ appears to work as a marker of transition between conversational activities, i.e, speakers use ‘no’ to transit from one activity/topic to another.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"224-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00901009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00901005
Julie Matsubara, Michael Blasingame, E. Smith
This paper reports on the first detailed experimental investigation of the perception of the felicity of evidential markers in context. We investigated the Japanese evidentials -rashii, -sooda, and -yooda in various discourse environments by manipulating two key variables: (a) whether there was any conjecture required, and (b) whether the information source was accessible firsthand to the speaker. This work provides a baseline against which future studies of other discourse variables can be measured, and our results present some challenges to established conceptions. For example, -rashii was found to be compatible with reportative utterances, building on its traditional categorization as a conjectural evidential. We situate our findings with respect to the typological literature and contemplate how the results may inform semantico-pragmatic theories of evidentiality. We further propose a slight modification to McCready and Ogata (2007) to account for the felicity of bare propositions with indirect information sources.
{"title":"An empirical investigation of the felicity conditions for the Japanese evidentials -rashii, -sooda, and -yooda","authors":"Julie Matsubara, Michael Blasingame, E. Smith","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00901005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00901005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the first detailed experimental investigation of the perception of the felicity of evidential markers in context. We investigated the Japanese evidentials -rashii, -sooda, and -yooda in various discourse environments by manipulating two key variables: (a) whether there was any conjecture required, and (b) whether the information source was accessible firsthand to the speaker. This work provides a baseline against which future studies of other discourse variables can be measured, and our results present some challenges to established conceptions. For example, -rashii was found to be compatible with reportative utterances, building on its traditional categorization as a conjectural evidential. We situate our findings with respect to the typological literature and contemplate how the results may inform semantico-pragmatic theories of evidentiality. We further propose a slight modification to McCready and Ogata (2007) to account for the felicity of bare propositions with indirect information sources.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"155-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00901005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00901007
M. Hoye
It has been recognized that the Japanese so-called subject marker ga is often not overtly expressed in spoken Japanese. Regarding the particle ga in conversational Japanese, the work of Ono, Thompson, and Suzuki (2000) is most notable. With respect to the bare-marking of ga, however, Ono et al. argue that “the norm is not to use ga, but to use a bare NP” (2000: 66). Although the current study is aligned with their work, we do not see the bare-marking of ga as a ‘norm’. Rather, we see that the pragmatic functions of the bare-marking of ga play just as important a role as ga-marking. Through an examination of naturally occurring every day conversational data, we provide two specific principles, Basic Rule 1 and Basic Rule 2. In reality, the Japanese bare-marking of ga in spoken Japanese is governed by these consistent, predictable, and systematic rules.
{"title":"The bare-marking of ga: Its function in spoken Japanese","authors":"M. Hoye","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00901007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00901007","url":null,"abstract":"It has been recognized that the Japanese so-called subject marker ga is often not overtly expressed in spoken Japanese. Regarding the particle ga in conversational Japanese, the work of Ono, Thompson, and Suzuki (2000) is most notable. With respect to the bare-marking of ga, however, Ono et al. argue that “the norm is not to use ga, but to use a bare NP” (2000: 66). Although the current study is aligned with their work, we do not see the bare-marking of ga as a ‘norm’. Rather, we see that the pragmatic functions of the bare-marking of ga play just as important a role as ga-marking. Through an examination of naturally occurring every day conversational data, we provide two specific principles, Basic Rule 1 and Basic Rule 2. In reality, the Japanese bare-marking of ga in spoken Japanese is governed by these consistent, predictable, and systematic rules.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"9 1","pages":"199-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00901007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00701006
A. Pietarinen, F. Bellucci
This document provides a transcription of a significant unpublished manuscript by Paul Grice on Charles Peirce’s Theory of Signs, deposited in the H. Paul Grice Papers, BANC MSS 90/135, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Grice’s notes concern the theory of signs, semeiotic, of the American logician, scientist and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914). The material was probably intended as the text for lectures. The MS consists of 46 non-numbered sheets. The editors have prepared the transcription from a copy of the original manuscript located in the Bancroft Library.
本文档提供了Paul Grice关于Charles Peirce的符号理论的重要未发表手稿的转录，存放在H. Paul Grice Papers, BANC MSS 90/135, the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley。格赖斯的笔记涉及美国逻辑学家、科学家和哲学家查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯(Charles Sanders Peirce, 1839-1914)的符号理论和符号学。这些材料很可能是作为讲座的教材。MS由46张无编号的纸组成。编辑们从Bancroft图书馆的原始手稿副本中准备了转录。
{"title":"H. Paul Grice’s Lecture Notes on Charles S. Peirce’s Theory of Signs","authors":"A. Pietarinen, F. Bellucci","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00701006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00701006","url":null,"abstract":"This document provides a transcription of a significant unpublished manuscript by Paul Grice on Charles Peirce’s Theory of Signs, deposited in the H. Paul Grice Papers, BANC MSS 90/135, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Grice’s notes concern the theory of signs, semeiotic, of the American logician, scientist and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914). The material was probably intended as the text for lectures. The MS consists of 46 non-numbered sheets. The editors have prepared the transcription from a copy of the original manuscript located in the Bancroft Library.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"461 1","pages":"82-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00701006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00802002
Marta Dynel
This paper explores the workings of deception performed in multi-party interactions, a topic hitherto hardly ever examined by deception philosophers. Deception is here discussed in the light of a neo-Goffmanian classification of (un)ratified hearers and a neo-Gricean version of speaker meaning, anchored in non-reflexive intentionality and accountability, which is shown to operate beyond the speaker-hearer dyad. An utterance, it is argued, may carry different meanings, judged according to their (lack of) intentionality and (non)deceptiveness, towards the individuals performing different hearer roles. The complex mechanisms of deception with regard to different hearers are illustrated with examples culled from the American television series “House.” Deception in fictional interactions is illustrative of real-life manifestations of deception, yet it brings into focus also those rare ones, which are in the centre of philosophical attention.
{"title":"Killing Two Birds with One Deceit: Deception in Multi-Party Interactions","authors":"Marta Dynel","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00802002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00802002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the workings of deception performed in multi-party interactions, a topic hitherto hardly ever examined by deception philosophers. Deception is here discussed in the light of a neo-Goffmanian classification of (un)ratified hearers and a neo-Gricean version of speaker meaning, anchored in non-reflexive intentionality and accountability, which is shown to operate beyond the speaker-hearer dyad. An utterance, it is argued, may carry different meanings, judged according to their (lack of) intentionality and (non)deceptiveness, towards the individuals performing different hearer roles. The complex mechanisms of deception with regard to different hearers are illustrated with examples culled from the American television series “House.” Deception in fictional interactions is illustrative of real-life manifestations of deception, yet it brings into focus also those rare ones, which are in the centre of philosophical attention.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"8 1","pages":"179-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00802002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1163/18773109-00801005
P. Stalmaszczyk
Meaning and the Dynamics of Interpretation brings together fourteen papers by Hans Kamp, whose research is concerned with formal linguistics, philosophy of language, logic, cognitive science and computer science. Central to this research are problems of presupposition, context dependency, vagueness of meaning, the dynamic character of interpretation, the issues contributing to the version of dynamic semantics known as Discourse Representation Theory, and associated with the dynamic turn in the study of meaning and interpretation.
{"title":"Meaning and Interpretation: The Dynamic Turn","authors":"P. Stalmaszczyk","doi":"10.1163/18773109-00801005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18773109-00801005","url":null,"abstract":"Meaning and the Dynamics of Interpretation brings together fourteen papers by Hans Kamp, whose research is concerned with formal linguistics, philosophy of language, logic, cognitive science and computer science. Central to this research are problems of presupposition, context dependency, vagueness of meaning, the dynamic character of interpretation, the issues contributing to the version of dynamic semantics known as Discourse Representation Theory, and associated with the dynamic turn in the study of meaning and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":43536,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Pragmatics","volume":"8 1","pages":"131-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18773109-00801005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64420505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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