Lung Cancer Management最新文献

Aim: To summarize current knowledge, gaps, quality of the evidence and show main results related to the role of the autonomic nervous system in lung cancer.

Methods: Studies were identified through electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library) in October 2023, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Twenty-four studies were included, and most were observational.

Results: Our data indicated an increased expression of β-2-adrenergic receptors in lung cancer, which was associated with poor prognosis. However, the use of β-blockers as an add-on to standard treatment promoted enhanced overall survival, recurrence-free survival and reduced metastasis occurrence.

Conclusion: Although the results herein seem promising, future research using high-quality prospective clinical trials is required to draw directions to guide clinical interventions.

Aim: Assess the long-term survival and quality-of-life outcomes in early-stage NSCLC (eNSCLC) patients.

Methods: Review of long-term survival and quality-of-life after curative treatment in eNSCLC patients in observational studies.

Results: Disease-free proportion decreased in stage III vs stage I patients. Recurrence-free proportion decreased with age and disease stage. Advanced stage and vascular invasion increased risk of late recurrence. Conditional 5-year relative survival rates did not exceed 87%, indicating higher mortality in eNSCLC survivors. Lower conditional survival rates and relative survival rates were associated with older age and advanced disease. Survivors of eNSCLC had poorer physical quality-of-life.

Conclusion: Despite curative-intent therapy, survivors of eNSCLC still face significant risks of recurrence, excess mortality, and diminished quality-of-life.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of alectinib with other ALK inhibitors in treating patients with metastatic or locally advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted up to November 2021. Network meta-analyses were performed using the frequentist method (random effects). GRADE evidence profile was conducted.

Results: 13 RCTs were selected. For overall survival, alectinib was found to reduce the risk of death compared with crizotinib. In progression-free survival, alectinib reduced the risk of death or progression compared with crizotinib and ceritinib. Subgroup analysis by brain metastasis at baseline showed the superiority of alectinib over crizotinib and a similar effect compared with second-and third-generation inhibitors. Alectinib showed a good safety profile compared with the other ALK inhibitors.

Aim: Adjuvant chemotherapy in NSCLC is associated with modest benefits and significant toxicity. We sought to evaluate the toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy and disease-specific outcomes in a real-world population.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC in an Irish center over a 7-year period. We described treatment-associated toxicity, recurrence-free survival and overall survival.

Results: 62 patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment-associated hospitalisation occurred in 29% of patients. Relapse was recorded in 56% of patients and median recurrence-free survival was 27 months.

Conclusion: High rates of disease recurrence and treatment-associated morbidity were observed in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC. Novel therapeutic strategies are required to improve outcomes in this population.

Aim: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The US Preventive Services Task Force and National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for eligible adults. We conducted a study to assess physician LDCT referral patterns.

Methods: The study was divided into a pre-, intervention, and post-intervention periods. The intervention was a LC screening educational series. We evaluated rates of LDCT screening referrals during pre- and post-intervention periods.

Results: In the pre-intervention period, 75 patients fulfilled US Preventive Services Task Force and/or National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria and 27% underwent LDCT. In the post-intervention period, 135 patients fulfilled either screening criteria of whom 61.5% underwent LDCT.

Conclusion: In our study, educational lectures improved compliance significantly and should be used as tool for primary care providers to effectively increase LDCT screening referrals.

Background: The lung cancer biopsy specimens obtained by endobronchial ultrasound-guide sheath (EBUS-GS) trans lung biopsy occasionally do not contain cancer cells. It is a problem that there is a possibility that they may not contain cancer cells.

Aim of the study: To investigate the proportion of biopsy specimens containing cancer cells in total biopsy specimens.

Materials & methods: Patients with lung cancer diagnosed by EBUS-GS were selected. The primary end point was the proportion of specimens containing tumors in the total specimens obtained by EBUS-GS.

Results: Twenty-six patients were investigated. The percentage of specimens containing cancer cells in the total specimens was 79.0%.

Conclusion: The proportion of biopsy specimens containing cancer cell to all biopsy specimens by EBUS-GS was high, but not 100%.

What is this article about?: This plain language summary reports the key points of a recent review article that discussed current treatment options for a type of cancer called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung.

What is scc of the lung?: SCC of the lung is a type of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC for short) that is usually linked with smoking. It can be difficult to treat because it is often diagnosed after it has spread to other parts of the body.

What first-line treatment options are available for people with scc of the lung?: Most patients receive a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as their first-line treatment (the first treatment they receive after their diagnosis). Immunotherapy drugs have improved how long people with SCC of the lung can live for. However, for most patients, they eventually stop working. At this point, other second-line treatments are considered, meaning treatments patients receive after their first-line treatment is stopped due to side effects or because it no longer works.

What second-line treatment options are available to people with scc of the lung?: Immunotherapy drugs were originally developed as second-line options after chemotherapy. However, immunotherapy drugs are now used with chemotherapies as first-line treatments. This has left a gap for second-line treatment options. There are some drugs available for second-line treatment, such as afatinib, which comes as a tablet, and docetaxel with or without ramucirumab, which is given as an infusion. Other potential treatments are being developed.

What emerging treatment options are being developed?: Some early clinical trials of potential treatments have shown promise, but more results are needed. Research into the genetic mutations linked with the development of SCC of the lung is also ongoing. It is hoped that this will help identify patients who might benefit from specific treatments.

Who should read this article?: People with SCC of the lung and their caregivers, patient advocates, and healthcare professionals, including those who are helping people learn about scientific discoveries and potential new therapeutic strategies.