Abstract The level of ground settlement under the effect of certain factors is one of the markers indicating the adequacy of adopted design solutions. By comprehending settlement values, it is possible to infer the degree of risk associated with a project and, if necessary, introduce changes to the design. The concept of reliability management here manifests itself in the timely adjustment of the decisions made, while it is necessary to use the procedure of the quantitative assessment of the probability of the occurrence of a particular limit state. A qualitative assessment indicates only the limits of an area, which approximately characterizes the effects of changes in the geotechnical situation. In this article, a method for determining the probability of exceeding the limit deformation of a building-base massif using the Monte Carlo statistical method is developed, and an algorithm and computer program implementing the proposed calculation method are created.
{"title":"Assessment of the Probability of Exceeding the Limiting Deformations of a Building Foundation","authors":"Oksana Kichaieva, Dietmar Adam","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The level of ground settlement under the effect of certain factors is one of the markers indicating the adequacy of adopted design solutions. By comprehending settlement values, it is possible to infer the degree of risk associated with a project and, if necessary, introduce changes to the design. The concept of reliability management here manifests itself in the timely adjustment of the decisions made, while it is necessary to use the procedure of the quantitative assessment of the probability of the occurrence of a particular limit state. A qualitative assessment indicates only the limits of an area, which approximately characterizes the effects of changes in the geotechnical situation. In this article, a method for determining the probability of exceeding the limit deformation of a building-base massif using the Monte Carlo statistical method is developed, and an algorithm and computer program implementing the proposed calculation method are created.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A semi-distributed rainfall-runoff Approximate Redistributive Balance (ARB) model is currently in development as a tool for the assessment and analysis of the water management balance at the level of micro-basins on the territory of Slovakia. For the winter season, it is necessary to supplement the model with a sub-model for calculating the snow water equivalent (SWE) with a comparatively low amount of the input data necessary. Since SWE models generally operate in a daily time step, a new sub-model was developed and tested in monthly and weekly time steps in 30 meteorological stations in the north of Slovakia. When compared in a weekly time step with the snow sub-model of the HBV rainfall-runoff model and when the impact of switching from a monthly to weekly time step on the quality of the runoff simulation was evaluated, the results showed that the snow sub-model does react to sudden snowmelt better when compared to the modified version of the HBV snow sub-model used. Using a weekly time step for the snow sub-model in a monthly ARB model runoff simulation showed an increase of accuracy (NSE change from 0.89 to 0.92) in one case, while maintaining the same level of accuracy in the second one.
{"title":"Development of a Conceptual Snow Sub-Model: Application in Meteorological Stations, Slovakia","authors":"Miroslav Kandera, Roman Výleta","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A semi-distributed rainfall-runoff Approximate Redistributive Balance (ARB) model is currently in development as a tool for the assessment and analysis of the water management balance at the level of micro-basins on the territory of Slovakia. For the winter season, it is necessary to supplement the model with a sub-model for calculating the snow water equivalent (SWE) with a comparatively low amount of the input data necessary. Since SWE models generally operate in a daily time step, a new sub-model was developed and tested in monthly and weekly time steps in 30 meteorological stations in the north of Slovakia. When compared in a weekly time step with the snow sub-model of the HBV rainfall-runoff model and when the impact of switching from a monthly to weekly time step on the quality of the runoff simulation was evaluated, the results showed that the snow sub-model does react to sudden snowmelt better when compared to the modified version of the HBV snow sub-model used. Using a weekly time step for the snow sub-model in a monthly ARB model runoff simulation showed an increase of accuracy (NSE change from 0.89 to 0.92) in one case, while maintaining the same level of accuracy in the second one.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There are increased innovations in the field of concrete because there are endless opportunities for innovative materials, techniques, applications, and design. Today’s construction industry is looking for cost-effective materials to improve the strength of concrete structures. As a result, an attempt has been made in the current research to investigate the impact of adding polyester fibres (Recron 3s) to concrete. Fibres improve concrete's tensile and flexural strength, fatigue properties, durability, shrinkage properties, impact and erosion resistance, and serviceability. Polyester fibres (Recron 3s) are micro fibres; they contribute to enhancing the resistance of concrete to shrinkage and cracking and also help to improve mechanical properties such as the flexural / split tensile and transverse strength of concrete along with improvements in abrasion and impact strength. An experimental study was done using a M30 mix design. Polyester fibres (Recron 3s) were used in the concrete with varying dosage rates of 0.50 kgs / cu.m – 2.00 kgs / cu.m. This study describes the enhancement in the strength of the M30 grade mix concrete by the addition of polyester fibres (Recron 3s) in the proportions of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0kg/cu.m, and M30 concrete with varying dosages of the polyester fibres (Recron 3s) were mixed and cast.
混凝土领域的创新越来越多，因为创新材料、技术、应用和设计有无限的机会。今天的建筑行业正在寻找具有成本效益的材料来提高混凝土结构的强度。因此，在目前的研究中，已经尝试调查在混凝土中添加聚酯纤维(Recron 3s)的影响。纤维提高混凝土的拉伸和弯曲强度、疲劳性能、耐久性、收缩性能、抗冲击和抗侵蚀性能以及使用性能。聚酯纤维(Recron 3s)是微纤维;它们有助于增强混凝土对收缩和开裂的抵抗力，也有助于改善混凝土的机械性能，如弯曲/劈裂拉伸和横向强度，以及耐磨和冲击强度的改善。采用M30混合设计进行了实验研究。聚酯纤维(Recron 3s)用于混凝土中，用量为0.50 kg / cu。本研究描述了通过添加聚酯纤维(Recron 3s)以0.5、1、1.5、2.0kg/cu的比例增强M30级混合混凝土的强度。m和M30混凝土与不同剂量的聚酯纤维(Recron 3s)混合并浇筑。
{"title":"Experimental Study on Concrete vy Adding Polyester Fibres","authors":"D. B Nirmala, Akshay Angadi","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are increased innovations in the field of concrete because there are endless opportunities for innovative materials, techniques, applications, and design. Today’s construction industry is looking for cost-effective materials to improve the strength of concrete structures. As a result, an attempt has been made in the current research to investigate the impact of adding polyester fibres (Recron 3s) to concrete. Fibres improve concrete's tensile and flexural strength, fatigue properties, durability, shrinkage properties, impact and erosion resistance, and serviceability. Polyester fibres (Recron 3s) are micro fibres; they contribute to enhancing the resistance of concrete to shrinkage and cracking and also help to improve mechanical properties such as the flexural / split tensile and transverse strength of concrete along with improvements in abrasion and impact strength. An experimental study was done using a M30 mix design. Polyester fibres (Recron 3s) were used in the concrete with varying dosage rates of 0.50 kgs / cu.m – 2.00 kgs / cu.m. This study describes the enhancement in the strength of the M30 grade mix concrete by the addition of polyester fibres (Recron 3s) in the proportions of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0kg/cu.m, and M30 concrete with varying dosages of the polyester fibres (Recron 3s) were mixed and cast.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Telescopic water intake structures allow for the selective intake of water from the top layers of a reservoir. A telescopic water intake has a high degree of mobility, and a wide field of application; at the same time, it is very simple and convenient to operate. Despite these advantages, an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake is lacking (Lipin, 2020; Lipin, 2022). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake. In order to perform this task, all the structural elements of a telescopic water intake were analyzed separately by means of existing hydraulic principles. The impact of the critical submergence depth of the water intake funnel on the operability of a telescopic water intake was studied, and an equation for the critical submergence depth calculation was proposed. The optimal range of the flow rate coefficient ( μ =0.30 - 0.45) was proposed for calculating the funnel flow rate, and the correlation between the flow rate and funnel inlet diameter was defined. The optimal curvature radius of the elbow was proposed. In order to verify the above mentioned parameters and correlations, analytical and numerical calculations of specific examples were performed. The results of the numerical modelling demonstrated that the critical submergence depth and shape of the water intake funnel, as defined by the analytical calculations, ensured its effective operation free of cavitation and vortexes. The analytically calculated dimensions of the telescopic column, following the numerical modelling results, provided normal hydraulic conditions without active cavitation. According to the numerical modelling, the proposed curvature radius of the elbow was sufficient to avoid significant cavitation and vortex formation in the elbow structure. This research can provide guidance for the design of telescopic water intake structures.
{"title":"Hydraulic Calculations of a Telescopic Water Intake","authors":"A. Lipin, A. Sepahvand, N. Rustamova","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Telescopic water intake structures allow for the selective intake of water from the top layers of a reservoir. A telescopic water intake has a high degree of mobility, and a wide field of application; at the same time, it is very simple and convenient to operate. Despite these advantages, an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake is lacking (Lipin, 2020; Lipin, 2022). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake. In order to perform this task, all the structural elements of a telescopic water intake were analyzed separately by means of existing hydraulic principles. The impact of the critical submergence depth of the water intake funnel on the operability of a telescopic water intake was studied, and an equation for the critical submergence depth calculation was proposed. The optimal range of the flow rate coefficient ( μ =0.30 - 0.45) was proposed for calculating the funnel flow rate, and the correlation between the flow rate and funnel inlet diameter was defined. The optimal curvature radius of the elbow was proposed. In order to verify the above mentioned parameters and correlations, analytical and numerical calculations of specific examples were performed. The results of the numerical modelling demonstrated that the critical submergence depth and shape of the water intake funnel, as defined by the analytical calculations, ensured its effective operation free of cavitation and vortexes. The analytically calculated dimensions of the telescopic column, following the numerical modelling results, provided normal hydraulic conditions without active cavitation. According to the numerical modelling, the proposed curvature radius of the elbow was sufficient to avoid significant cavitation and vortex formation in the elbow structure. This research can provide guidance for the design of telescopic water intake structures.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, the modified Ramberg-Osgood constitutive equations for calculating the stress-strain of steel at elevated temperatures using the parameters determined based on the transient state tensile test results achieved at the Helsinki University of Technology are verified. This is done by numerically comparing the global and local buckling capacities of I-shaped steel members incorporating the modified Ramberg-Osgood model along with the material model given in the fire section of Eurocode EN1993-1-2. For this purpose, a numerical model using the ABAQUS software was developed. Then, nonlinear analyses with imperfections (GMNIA) were performed to compare the buckling capacities of the steel columns and beams of four different hot-rolled cross-sections (IPE160, IPE180, HE100B, HE500B), made of steel grade S355, at three different temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C). The results showed that adopting the modified Ramberg-Osgood model can lead to the same buckling capacities resulting when using the EN1993-1-2 material model for steel temperatures of less than 400°C. However, adopting this model for 600°C overestimates the buckling capacities in most cases.
{"title":"Verification of the Ramberg-Osgood Material Model for the Fire Design of Steel Members","authors":"Samer Nemer","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the modified Ramberg-Osgood constitutive equations for calculating the stress-strain of steel at elevated temperatures using the parameters determined based on the transient state tensile test results achieved at the Helsinki University of Technology are verified. This is done by numerically comparing the global and local buckling capacities of I-shaped steel members incorporating the modified Ramberg-Osgood model along with the material model given in the fire section of Eurocode EN1993-1-2. For this purpose, a numerical model using the ABAQUS software was developed. Then, nonlinear analyses with imperfections (GMNIA) were performed to compare the buckling capacities of the steel columns and beams of four different hot-rolled cross-sections (IPE160, IPE180, HE100B, HE500B), made of steel grade S355, at three different temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C). The results showed that adopting the modified Ramberg-Osgood model can lead to the same buckling capacities resulting when using the EN1993-1-2 material model for steel temperatures of less than 400°C. However, adopting this model for 600°C overestimates the buckling capacities in most cases.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"9 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43377069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Today in addition to the design of structures, layout solutions, and the design of suitable materials, the modern construction industry also addresses meeting the requirements for the energy performance of a building, with which the topic of the quality of the indoor environment is fully intertwined. Comfort in the use of buildings, and especially the provision of thermal comfort, is a fundamental aspect in the design of technical equipment systems, where a properly selected system regulating the indoor environment can affect b oth t he e nergy p erformance o f t he building and the quality of the indoor environment. One of the important factors is the air quality, where the main factor that af-fects the indoor environment is the concentration of CO2, whose value affects the biological functions of the human organism. The subject of this research is an evaluation of the indoor air quality in a kindergarten because children are more sensitive to environmental influences.
{"title":"Analysis of Indoor Air Quality in a Kindergarten","authors":"Petra Stiborova, Andrea Badurova, I. Skotnicova","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today in addition to the design of structures, layout solutions, and the design of suitable materials, the modern construction industry also addresses meeting the requirements for the energy performance of a building, with which the topic of the quality of the indoor environment is fully intertwined. Comfort in the use of buildings, and especially the provision of thermal comfort, is a fundamental aspect in the design of technical equipment systems, where a properly selected system regulating the indoor environment can affect b oth t he e nergy p erformance o f t he building and the quality of the indoor environment. One of the important factors is the air quality, where the main factor that af-fects the indoor environment is the concentration of CO2, whose value affects the biological functions of the human organism. The subject of this research is an evaluation of the indoor air quality in a kindergarten because children are more sensitive to environmental influences.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The waste of tire rubber is characterized by the generation of huge amounts, which is annually discarded. This waste causes problems for human health and the environment. Thus, the valorization of recycled tire rubber in concrete production is considered as an alternative and sustainable solution. This experimental work is a comparative study, which aims to investigate the possibility of using recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete. To achieve this objective, two types of lightweight concrete containing (35, 70 and 100%) of expanded clay and (5, 10 and 15%) of recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate were produced. Their fresh properties were investigated using slump, density and air content tests, while the hardened properties were investigated by compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption tests. The results obtained showed that the utilization of both expanded clay aggregate and recycled tire rubber leads to a reduction in density and mechanical strength but increases the porosity of lightweight concrete. However, the lightweight concrete containing the expanded clay aggregate had a higher efficiency factor than those containing recycled tire rubber.
{"title":"Comparative Study of the Lightening of Concrete Through the Use of Recycled Tire Rubber and Expanded Clay Aggregate","authors":"R. Djebien, Rachid Kebout, Amel Bouabaz","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The waste of tire rubber is characterized by the generation of huge amounts, which is annually discarded. This waste causes problems for human health and the environment. Thus, the valorization of recycled tire rubber in concrete production is considered as an alternative and sustainable solution. This experimental work is a comparative study, which aims to investigate the possibility of using recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete. To achieve this objective, two types of lightweight concrete containing (35, 70 and 100%) of expanded clay and (5, 10 and 15%) of recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate were produced. Their fresh properties were investigated using slump, density and air content tests, while the hardened properties were investigated by compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption tests. The results obtained showed that the utilization of both expanded clay aggregate and recycled tire rubber leads to a reduction in density and mechanical strength but increases the porosity of lightweight concrete. However, the lightweight concrete containing the expanded clay aggregate had a higher efficiency factor than those containing recycled tire rubber.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"16 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41584603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An analysis of the external pressure coefficient on the surface of a ruin in different flow directions is presented. The ruin has almost cube-like proportions with an open roof plane and a destroyed corner. Flow simulations were performed using 3D Time Steady RANS and compared with experimental results from the boundary layer wind tunnel at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The optimal turbulence model and internal mesh settings were selected based on their statistical evaluation. For an evaluation of the critical directions of the wind flow around the ruin, the values of the external wind pressure coefficient were obtained from the selected calculation model and settings.
{"title":"Evaluation of a Measurement Turbulence Model of the Wind Pressure on the Ruin of a Fortified Tower","authors":"Martin Poliak, M. Franek, Jana Gregorová","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An analysis of the external pressure coefficient on the surface of a ruin in different flow directions is presented. The ruin has almost cube-like proportions with an open roof plane and a destroyed corner. Flow simulations were performed using 3D Time Steady RANS and compared with experimental results from the boundary layer wind tunnel at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The optimal turbulence model and internal mesh settings were selected based on their statistical evaluation. For an evaluation of the critical directions of the wind flow around the ruin, the values of the external wind pressure coefficient were obtained from the selected calculation model and settings.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"25 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45796294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Theoretical and empirical equations have previously been proposed to compute the sediment trap efficiency of a reservoir. The empirical equations were developed by analyzing a limited amount of field data for reservoirs in selected areas; thus, their suitability is restricted to reservoirs in regions with similar hydrological characteristics. In this study, a sediment trap-efficiency equation, which accounts for the dynamic behavior of sedimentation and the hydraulic conditions of a reservoir, was deduced from the principle of mass conservation. Using this equation, the approximate analytical expression for the storage capacity of the reservoir was obtained. Both equations were applied to investigate real-life problems involving the impacts of reservoir sedimentation, and their predicted solutions were compared with the field data and the results of the theoretical and empirical equations. The results of this investigation reveal that the proposed equations are capable of simulating the sediment trapping and storage capacity depletion characteristics of large reservoirs, which are a measure of the adverse effect of sedimentation on the performance of hydraulic structures. These equations can potentially be incorporated into a large-scale watershed model for estimating a sediment budget.
{"title":"A Study of the Sedimentation and Storage Capacity Depletion of a Reservoir","authors":"Y. Zerihun","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Theoretical and empirical equations have previously been proposed to compute the sediment trap efficiency of a reservoir. The empirical equations were developed by analyzing a limited amount of field data for reservoirs in selected areas; thus, their suitability is restricted to reservoirs in regions with similar hydrological characteristics. In this study, a sediment trap-efficiency equation, which accounts for the dynamic behavior of sedimentation and the hydraulic conditions of a reservoir, was deduced from the principle of mass conservation. Using this equation, the approximate analytical expression for the storage capacity of the reservoir was obtained. Both equations were applied to investigate real-life problems involving the impacts of reservoir sedimentation, and their predicted solutions were compared with the field data and the results of the theoretical and empirical equations. The results of this investigation reveal that the proposed equations are capable of simulating the sediment trapping and storage capacity depletion characteristics of large reservoirs, which are a measure of the adverse effect of sedimentation on the performance of hydraulic structures. These equations can potentially be incorporated into a large-scale watershed model for estimating a sediment budget.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"37 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45958135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The experimental work of this study deals with the performance of pipe in sand with various responses subjected to incremental static loading where the backfill is reinforced with two types of reinforcement (geogrid and geocell) to investigate the effects of backfill cover. The pipes considered are installed in sand with different densities; i.e., loose, medium and dense sand, and a constant burial depth (2D, where D is the pipe diameter). It was concluded that the maximum deformation occurs at the crown of the pipe. The deformation increases when the sand density decreases. For a burial depth equal to 1.5 D, the maximum strain on the pipe crown increases by about 22.5% when the sand changes from dense to medium and 36.8% when it changes from dense to loose. The vertical stress above a pipe buried in loose sand is reduced by 8.3% when the geogrid width is 2B where B is the footing width, while it is equal to 22% when the geogrid width is B. When a geocell is used, the percent reduction is equal to 62%. The percent reduction in the vertical stress above a pipe buried in medium sand is about 28% when the geogrid width is 2B and 40% when the geogrid width is B and equal to 68% when the geocell is used.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Buried Flexible Pipe in Reinforced Sand","authors":"M. Fattah, Bushra S. Zbar, H. H. Al-Kalali","doi":"10.2478/sjce-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The experimental work of this study deals with the performance of pipe in sand with various responses subjected to incremental static loading where the backfill is reinforced with two types of reinforcement (geogrid and geocell) to investigate the effects of backfill cover. The pipes considered are installed in sand with different densities; i.e., loose, medium and dense sand, and a constant burial depth (2D, where D is the pipe diameter). It was concluded that the maximum deformation occurs at the crown of the pipe. The deformation increases when the sand density decreases. For a burial depth equal to 1.5 D, the maximum strain on the pipe crown increases by about 22.5% when the sand changes from dense to medium and 36.8% when it changes from dense to loose. The vertical stress above a pipe buried in loose sand is reduced by 8.3% when the geogrid width is 2B where B is the footing width, while it is equal to 22% when the geogrid width is B. When a geocell is used, the percent reduction is equal to 62%. The percent reduction in the vertical stress above a pipe buried in medium sand is about 28% when the geogrid width is 2B and 40% when the geogrid width is B and equal to 68% when the geocell is used.","PeriodicalId":43574,"journal":{"name":"Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"48 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46116719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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