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Hydraulic Calculations of a Telescopic Water Intake 伸缩式取水口的水力计算
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0013
A. Lipin, A. Sepahvand, N. Rustamova
Abstract Telescopic water intake structures allow for the selective intake of water from the top layers of a reservoir. A telescopic water intake has a high degree of mobility, and a wide field of application; at the same time, it is very simple and convenient to operate. Despite these advantages, an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake is lacking (Lipin, 2020; Lipin, 2022). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake. In order to perform this task, all the structural elements of a telescopic water intake were analyzed separately by means of existing hydraulic principles. The impact of the critical submergence depth of the water intake funnel on the operability of a telescopic water intake was studied, and an equation for the critical submergence depth calculation was proposed. The optimal range of the flow rate coefficient ( μ =0.30 - 0.45) was proposed for calculating the funnel flow rate, and the correlation between the flow rate and funnel inlet diameter was defined. The optimal curvature radius of the elbow was proposed. In order to verify the above mentioned parameters and correlations, analytical and numerical calculations of specific examples were performed. The results of the numerical modelling demonstrated that the critical submergence depth and shape of the water intake funnel, as defined by the analytical calculations, ensured its effective operation free of cavitation and vortexes. The analytically calculated dimensions of the telescopic column, following the numerical modelling results, provided normal hydraulic conditions without active cavitation. According to the numerical modelling, the proposed curvature radius of the elbow was sufficient to avoid significant cavitation and vortex formation in the elbow structure. This research can provide guidance for the design of telescopic water intake structures.
伸缩式取水结构允许从水库顶层选择性取水。伸缩式进水口机动性高,适用领域广;同时,操作起来非常简单方便。尽管有这些优点,但缺乏精确的计算方法(Lipin, 2020;油脂,2022)。因此,本研究的目的是建立一种精确的伸缩式进水口计算方法。为了完成这一任务,利用现有的水力原理对伸缩式取水口的所有结构单元进行了单独分析。研究了进水口漏斗的临界淹没深度对伸缩进水口可操作性的影响,提出了临界淹没深度的计算公式。提出了计算漏斗流量的流量系数的最佳范围(μ =0.30 ~ 0.45),并定义了流量与漏斗入口直径的关系。提出了弯头的最佳曲率半径。为了验证上述参数和相关性,对具体算例进行了分析和数值计算。数值模拟结果表明,解析计算确定的进水口临界沉水深度和形状保证了进水口无空化和涡流的有效运行。根据数值模拟结果,解析计算的伸缩柱尺寸提供了正常的水力条件,没有主动空化。数值模拟结果表明,所提出的弯头曲率半径足以避免弯头结构中明显的空化和涡的形成。该研究可为伸缩式取水结构的设计提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Verification of the Ramberg-Osgood Material Model for the Fire Design of Steel Members 钢构件防火设计中Ramberg-Osgood材料模型的验证
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0008
Samer Nemer
Abstract In this paper, the modified Ramberg-Osgood constitutive equations for calculating the stress-strain of steel at elevated temperatures using the parameters determined based on the transient state tensile test results achieved at the Helsinki University of Technology are verified. This is done by numerically comparing the global and local buckling capacities of I-shaped steel members incorporating the modified Ramberg-Osgood model along with the material model given in the fire section of Eurocode EN1993-1-2. For this purpose, a numerical model using the ABAQUS software was developed. Then, nonlinear analyses with imperfections (GMNIA) were performed to compare the buckling capacities of the steel columns and beams of four different hot-rolled cross-sections (IPE160, IPE180, HE100B, HE500B), made of steel grade S355, at three different temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C). The results showed that adopting the modified Ramberg-Osgood model can lead to the same buckling capacities resulting when using the EN1993-1-2 material model for steel temperatures of less than 400°C. However, adopting this model for 600°C overestimates the buckling capacities in most cases.
本文对基于赫尔辛基工业大学瞬态拉伸试验结果确定的参数计算钢在高温下应力应变的修正Ramberg-Osgood本构方程进行了验证。这是通过将改进的Ramberg-Osgood模型与欧洲规范EN1993-1-2中给出的材料模型结合起来,对工字钢构件的整体和局部屈曲能力进行数值比较来完成的。为此,利用ABAQUS软件建立了数值模型。然后,采用非线性缺陷分析(GMNIA)比较了S355钢种的四种不同热轧截面(IPE160、IPE180、HE100B、HE500B)钢柱和梁在400℃、500℃、600℃三种不同温度下的屈曲能力。结果表明,当钢的温度低于400℃时,采用改进的Ramberg-Osgood模型可以获得与使用EN1993-1-2材料模型相同的屈曲能力。然而,在大多数情况下,采用该模型对600°C的屈曲能力估计过高。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Indoor Air Quality in a Kindergarten 某幼儿园室内空气质量分析
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0007
Petra Stiborova, Andrea Badurova, I. Skotnicova
Abstract Today in addition to the design of structures, layout solutions, and the design of suitable materials, the modern construction industry also addresses meeting the requirements for the energy performance of a building, with which the topic of the quality of the indoor environment is fully intertwined. Comfort in the use of buildings, and especially the provision of thermal comfort, is a fundamental aspect in the design of technical equipment systems, where a properly selected system regulating the indoor environment can affect b oth t he e nergy p erformance o f t he building and the quality of the indoor environment. One of the important factors is the air quality, where the main factor that af-fects the indoor environment is the concentration of CO2, whose value affects the biological functions of the human organism. The subject of this research is an evaluation of the indoor air quality in a kindergarten because children are more sensitive to environmental influences.
如今,除了结构设计、布局解决方案和合适材料的设计外,现代建筑行业还需要满足建筑物的能源性能要求,室内环境质量的主题与此完全交织在一起。建筑物的使用舒适性,特别是提供热舒适性,是技术设备系统设计的一个基本方面,其中适当选择调节室内环境的系统可以影响建筑物的能源性能和室内环境的质量。其中一个重要的因素是空气质量,其中影响室内环境的主要因素是CO2的浓度,其值影响人体有机体的生物功能。本研究的主题是对幼儿园室内空气质量的评价,因为儿童对环境的影响更敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Study of the Lightening of Concrete Through the Use of Recycled Tire Rubber and Expanded Clay Aggregate 再生轮胎橡胶与膨胀粘土骨料对混凝土轻量化的比较研究
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0009
R. Djebien, Rachid Kebout, Amel Bouabaz
Abstract The waste of tire rubber is characterized by the generation of huge amounts, which is annually discarded. This waste causes problems for human health and the environment. Thus, the valorization of recycled tire rubber in concrete production is considered as an alternative and sustainable solution. This experimental work is a comparative study, which aims to investigate the possibility of using recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate in the production of lightweight concrete. To achieve this objective, two types of lightweight concrete containing (35, 70 and 100%) of expanded clay and (5, 10 and 15%) of recycled tire rubber as a fine aggregate were produced. Their fresh properties were investigated using slump, density and air content tests, while the hardened properties were investigated by compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption tests. The results obtained showed that the utilization of both expanded clay aggregate and recycled tire rubber leads to a reduction in density and mechanical strength but increases the porosity of lightweight concrete. However, the lightweight concrete containing the expanded clay aggregate had a higher efficiency factor than those containing recycled tire rubber.
轮胎橡胶废弃物的特点是产生量巨大,每年都被丢弃。这种废物给人类健康和环境带来了问题。因此,再生轮胎橡胶在混凝土生产中的增值被认为是一种替代和可持续的解决方案。这项实验工作是一项比较研究,旨在探讨使用再生轮胎橡胶作为轻质混凝土生产中的细骨料的可能性。为了实现这一目标,生产了两种类型的轻质混凝土,分别含有(35%、70%和100%)膨胀粘土和(5%、10%和15%)再生轮胎橡胶作为细骨料。通过坍落度、密度和空气含量试验考察其新鲜性能,通过抗压强度、抗折强度、超声脉冲速度和吸水率试验考察其硬化性能。结果表明,膨胀粘土骨料和再生轮胎橡胶的掺入均降低了轻质混凝土的密度和机械强度,但增加了轻质混凝土的孔隙率。而含膨胀粘土骨料的轻量混凝土比含再生轮胎橡胶的轻量混凝土具有更高的效率系数。
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引用次数: 0
A Study of the Sedimentation and Storage Capacity Depletion of a Reservoir 水库淤积与库容损失研究
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0011
Y. Zerihun
Abstract Theoretical and empirical equations have previously been proposed to compute the sediment trap efficiency of a reservoir. The empirical equations were developed by analyzing a limited amount of field data for reservoirs in selected areas; thus, their suitability is restricted to reservoirs in regions with similar hydrological characteristics. In this study, a sediment trap-efficiency equation, which accounts for the dynamic behavior of sedimentation and the hydraulic conditions of a reservoir, was deduced from the principle of mass conservation. Using this equation, the approximate analytical expression for the storage capacity of the reservoir was obtained. Both equations were applied to investigate real-life problems involving the impacts of reservoir sedimentation, and their predicted solutions were compared with the field data and the results of the theoretical and empirical equations. The results of this investigation reveal that the proposed equations are capable of simulating the sediment trapping and storage capacity depletion characteristics of large reservoirs, which are a measure of the adverse effect of sedimentation on the performance of hydraulic structures. These equations can potentially be incorporated into a large-scale watershed model for estimating a sediment budget.
摘要已有理论和经验方程用于计算水库的集沙效率。经验方程是通过对选定地区有限的油藏现场数据进行分析得出的;因此,它们的适宜性仅限于具有相似水文特征的地区的水库。本文从质量守恒原理出发,推导了泥沙截留效率方程,该方程考虑了泥沙的动力特性和水库的水力条件。利用该方程,得到了水库库容的近似解析表达式。将这两个方程应用于涉及水库沉积影响的实际问题,并将其预测解与现场数据以及理论和经验方程的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,所建方程能够模拟大型水库的泥沙淤积和库容耗竭特征,这是衡量泥沙淤积对水工建筑物性能不利影响的一个指标。这些方程有可能被纳入大尺度流域模型,用于估算泥沙收支。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a Measurement Turbulence Model of the Wind Pressure on the Ruin of a Fortified Tower 加固塔废墟风压测量湍流模型的评价
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0010
Martin Poliak, M. Franek, Jana Gregorová
Abstract An analysis of the external pressure coefficient on the surface of a ruin in different flow directions is presented. The ruin has almost cube-like proportions with an open roof plane and a destroyed corner. Flow simulations were performed using 3D Time Steady RANS and compared with experimental results from the boundary layer wind tunnel at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The optimal turbulence model and internal mesh settings were selected based on their statistical evaluation. For an evaluation of the critical directions of the wind flow around the ruin, the values of the external wind pressure coefficient were obtained from the selected calculation model and settings.
文摘:分析了不同流动方向下废墟表面的外压系数。废墟的比例几乎是立方体,屋顶平面敞开,角落被毁。使用3D时间稳态RANS进行了流动模拟,并与布拉迪斯拉发斯洛伐克理工大学边界层风洞的实验结果进行了比较。基于统计评估,选择了最佳湍流模型和内部网格设置。为了评估废墟周围气流的临界方向,从选定的计算模型和设置中获得了外部风压系数的值。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Buried Flexible Pipe in Reinforced Sand 加筋砂土中埋地柔性管性能的试验研究
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0012
M. Fattah, Bushra S. Zbar, H. H. Al-Kalali
Abstract The experimental work of this study deals with the performance of pipe in sand with various responses subjected to incremental static loading where the backfill is reinforced with two types of reinforcement (geogrid and geocell) to investigate the effects of backfill cover. The pipes considered are installed in sand with different densities; i.e., loose, medium and dense sand, and a constant burial depth (2D, where D is the pipe diameter). It was concluded that the maximum deformation occurs at the crown of the pipe. The deformation increases when the sand density decreases. For a burial depth equal to 1.5 D, the maximum strain on the pipe crown increases by about 22.5% when the sand changes from dense to medium and 36.8% when it changes from dense to loose. The vertical stress above a pipe buried in loose sand is reduced by 8.3% when the geogrid width is 2B where B is the footing width, while it is equal to 22% when the geogrid width is B. When a geocell is used, the percent reduction is equal to 62%. The percent reduction in the vertical stress above a pipe buried in medium sand is about 28% when the geogrid width is 2B and 40% when the geogrid width is B and equal to 68% when the geocell is used.
摘要本研究通过对砂中管道进行加筋(土工格栅和土工格室)的试验研究,探讨了填土覆盖对管道在静荷载作用下的不同响应特性。考虑的管道安装在不同密度的沙子中;即松散砂、中砂和致密砂,埋深恒定(2D,其中D为管径)。结果表明,最大变形发生在管的顶部。随着砂密度的减小,变形量增大。埋深为1.5 D时,砂体由致密变为中等时,管顶最大应变增加约22.5%,砂体由致密变为疏松时,管顶最大应变增加约36.8%。当土工格栅宽度为2B (B为基础宽度)时,埋于松散砂中的管道上方竖向应力减小8.3%,当土工格栅宽度为B时,管道上方竖向应力减小22%,采用土工格栅时,垂直应力减小幅度为62%。当土工格栅宽度为2B时,中砂埋管上方垂直应力降低的百分比约为28%,当土工格栅宽度为B时,垂直应力降低的百分比约为40%,使用土工格栅时,垂直应力降低的百分比为68%。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Coarse Aggregate Rap Content on the Mechanical and Shear Performance of HMA by the UPT Method 用UPT法研究粗集料Rap含量对HMA力学和剪切性能的影响
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0014
M. Khabiri, Meysam Saboohi
Abstract In recent years, the use of materials derived from recycled asphalt has attracted the attention of airfield and highway construction researchers. Since the making of these products is economically cost-effective, one idea about how to use them is to use coarse-grained crumbs from recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP), which are agglomerates that can be found in coarse RAP, as a replacement for virgin asphalt.The goal of the current study is to investigate the performance of hot mix asphalt created with various percents of RAP. The punching shear strength of cylindrical specimens versus the penetration of steel rods with fixed and determined diameters into an asphalt specimen is one of the tests used to study the shear strength of asphalt. Other typical tests include a test of the structural strength and resilient modulus with two rectangular and sinusoidal loading shapes, respectively, as well as the specimen's strength against different temperatures of asphalt mixtures containing 10, 20, and 30% coarse-grained RAP. The results show that the resilient strength of the samples with a maximum 30% coarse-grained RAP is within reasonable limits. Furthermore, the semi-sinusoidal loading has a higher resilience modulus than rectangular loading. It is also observed during uniaxial penetration testing (UPT) that increasing the RAP increases the penetration of the steel rod, thereby implying that the shear strength of the asphalt has decreased.
摘要近年来,再生沥青材料的使用引起了机场和公路建设研究人员的注意。由于这些产品的制造在经济上具有成本效益,因此关于如何使用它们的一个想法是使用来自再生沥青路面(RAP)的粗粒碎屑,作为原始沥青的替代品,再生沥青路面是粗RAP中的团聚体。本研究的目的是研究用不同比例RAP制备的热拌沥青的性能。圆柱形试样的冲压剪切强度与具有固定和确定直径的钢条穿透沥青试样的对比是用于研究沥青剪切强度的试验之一。其他典型试验包括分别采用两种矩形和正弦加载形状的结构强度和弹性模量试验,以及含有10%、20%和30%粗粒RAP的沥青混合料在不同温度下的试样强度试验。结果表明,最大粗粒RAP含量为30%的试样的回弹强度在合理范围内。此外,半正弦加载比矩形加载具有更高的回弹模量。在单轴渗透试验(UPT)期间还观察到,增加RAP会增加钢条的渗透性,从而意味着沥青的抗剪强度已经降低。
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引用次数: 0
A New Perspective on Residential Building Ventilation from the Point of View of Achieving the Desired Indoor Air Quality using Different Ventilation Systems 从不同通风系统实现理想室内空气质量的角度看住宅建筑通风的新视角
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0005
Zuzana Straková, Ju. A. Markova
Abstract The case study analyses a specifically described situation from the present and a summary of events from the past, finds alternative solutions, and decides on one of them. The target of such a detailed analysis was a concrete apartment building, which was still in the project phase; the efforts to change its proposed air conditioning system to a more energy-efficient one are the subject of the case study. Apartment buildings with modern technology installed in terms of sanitary equipment, heating, and simple methods of ventilation and cooling do not constitute part of the project. Through a detailed analysis of the calculation of the heat losses through ventilation in the case of local and decentralised ventilation applied to one apartment unit, this failure to address modern solutions is remedied.
案例研究分析了一个具体描述的现状和过去事件的总结,找到了可供选择的解决方案,并决定了其中一个。这种详细分析的目标是一个混凝土公寓大楼,它仍处于项目阶段;将其拟议中的空调系统改为更节能的空调系统的努力是案例研究的主题。在卫生设备、供暖和简单的通风和冷却方法方面安装了现代技术的公寓楼不构成该项目的一部分。通过对一个公寓单元采用局部和分散通风的情况下通过通风产生的热损失的计算的详细分析,解决了解决现代解决方案的失败。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of Cadastre in Slovakia and Poland 斯洛伐克和波兰地籍制度比较
IF 0.4 Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/sjce-2023-0001
Magdalena Jurkiewicz, Ľ. Hudecová, Peter Kyseľ, P. Klapa, M. Mika, M. Ślusarski
Abstract Many analogies can be drawn from the cadastre in Poland and Slovakia, because of the partly shared history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, World Wars I and II, and the influence of the Communist regime. However, its development over the years has taken different forms and rules of operation in both countries. Currently, from a European perspective, there are efforts to standardise cadastral systems to expand their functionality for land administration and to accommodate social needs. The aim of this article is to discuss and provide a detailed comparative analysis of the general principles of the cadastre in Slovakia and Poland. The study shows similarities but also many differences between the systems in both countries, which indicates that it could be a difficult path to unify the cadastral systems within the European Union. A comparison of the solutions used in other countries allows us to see potential opportunities for the development and modernisation of the existing cadastral systems.
波兰和斯洛伐克的地籍有很多相似之处,因为两国在一定程度上都经历过奥匈帝国、第一次和第二次世界大战以及共产主义政权的影响。然而,多年来,它的发展在两国采取了不同的形式和运作规则。目前,从欧洲的角度来看,正在努力使地籍制度标准化,以扩大其在土地管理和适应社会需要方面的功能。本文的目的是对斯洛伐克和波兰地籍的一般原则进行讨论和详细的比较分析。这项研究显示了两国的地籍制度之间的相似之处,但也有许多不同之处,这表明在欧盟内部统一地籍制度可能是一条艰难的道路。通过比较其他国家使用的解决方案,我们可以看到现有地籍制度的发展和现代化的潜在机会。
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引用次数: 1
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Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering
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