This article examines the problem of the two concepts of a legal norm. At first glance, such a problem does not seem very significant. A clash of doctrines. But in our opinion, such a problem has leading theoretical and practical importance. The same should be a guide and a corrective for legal theorists and those engaged in one or another dogmatic legal discipline. The problem has a significant primacy on the concept of law and its understanding and application. But for the full-fledged work with its concepts.
{"title":"On the Problem of the Two Concepts of a Legal Norm","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the problem of the two concepts of a legal norm. At first glance, such a problem does not seem very significant. A clash of doctrines. But in our opinion, such a problem has leading theoretical and practical importance. The same should be a guide and a corrective for legal theorists and those engaged in one or another dogmatic legal discipline. The problem has a significant primacy on the concept of law and its understanding and application. But for the full-fledged work with its concepts.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of public infrastructure is essential for any country to achieve its economic and social development goals. Effective public infrastructure has a far-reaching impact in helping the economy achieve policies in the transport sector. The development of transport infrastructure is linked to economic growth, due to the fact that the share of capital expenditure for investment projects increases in total consumption (Bakalova, 2018). Development and expansion of the technological base is achieved, as the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure stimulate public spending. The purpose of the article is to outline the main trends in building the infrastructure in Bulgaria for the different types of transport. The ability of transport assets to maintain their level of service to the end of their service life and their flexibility in meeting changes in demand patterns is analyzed. In conclusion, the main trends in the expansion of infrastructure capacity, the approaches to maintenance, modernization and the integration of new digital technologies in its construction are brought out.
{"title":"Trends in the Development of Transport Infrastructure in Bulgaria","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The development of public infrastructure is essential for any country to achieve its economic and social development goals. Effective public infrastructure has a far-reaching impact in helping the economy achieve policies in the transport sector. The development of transport infrastructure is linked to economic growth, due to the fact that the share of\u0000capital expenditure for investment projects increases in total consumption (Bakalova, 2018). Development and expansion of the technological base is achieved, as the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure stimulate public spending. The purpose of the article is to outline the main trends in building the infrastructure in Bulgaria for the different types of transport. The ability of transport assets to maintain their level of service to the end of their service life and their flexibility in meeting changes in demand patterns is analyzed. In conclusion, the main trends in the expansion of infrastructure capacity, the approaches to maintenance, modernization and the integration of new digital technologies in its construction are brought out.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The least poverty-prone category is the working population. However, in the context of crises, pandemics and other economic shocks, they are also exposed to the risk of poverty and social exclusion, because poverty is not a characteristic of the person himself, but of the household in which he is located. If there are children in the household, unemployed people or some other reason, then the working person may actually be working poor. For this reason, the dynamics of poverty in the last 10 years among the working population among the countries of the European Union (EU) will be examined, as well as whether poverty is uniform (converging) between the countries in the union during this period (2010 – 2019).
{"title":"A Study of Convergence in the Poverty of the Working Poor among European Union Countries","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"The least poverty-prone category is the working population. However, in the context of crises, pandemics and other economic shocks, they are also exposed to the risk of poverty and social exclusion, because poverty is not a characteristic of the person himself, but of the household in which he is located. If there are children in the household, unemployed people or some other reason, then the working person may actually be working poor. For this reason, the dynamics of poverty in the last 10 years among the working population among the countries of the European Union (EU) will be examined, as well as whether poverty is uniform (converging) between the countries in the union during this period (2010 – 2019).","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128782860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to current issues of the management of outsourcing projects. In order to be successful and competitive in a world of globalization and permanent changes the organizations need to expand the scope and quality of the projects they implement as well as to boost their partnerships with current and new clients. This assumes active work for increasing the competitive advantages of project management as well as the management of outsourced business processes. The article reviews the major advantages and the challenges before the management of outsourcing projects in conditions of globalization and increasing role of outsourcing in contemporary business. The literature review outlines the characteristic features of outsourcing projects by systemizing the results from selected conceptual and empirical studies. Some results from a personal survey that the author has conducted by interviewing representatives of 101 outsourcing organizations are presented. On the basis of these results major conclusions and recommendations are outlined along with directions for future studies on the topic.
{"title":"Management of Outsourcing Projects: Benefits and Challenges","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to current issues of the management of outsourcing projects. In order to be successful and competitive in a world of globalization and permanent changes the organizations need to expand the scope and quality of the projects they implement as well as to boost their partnerships with current and new clients. This assumes active work for increasing the competitive advantages of project management as well as the management of outsourced business processes. The article reviews the major advantages and the challenges before the management of outsourcing projects in conditions of globalization and increasing role of outsourcing in contemporary business. The literature review outlines the characteristic features of outsourcing projects by systemizing the results from selected conceptual and empirical studies. Some results from a personal survey that the author has conducted by interviewing representatives of 101 outsourcing organizations are presented. On the basis of these results major conclusions and recommendations are outlined along with directions for future studies on the topic.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129635037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines current aspects related to the growing popularity of telecommuting. The past pandemic has accelerated processes in this direction and more and more employers are taking advantage of the opportunities provided by digital technologies for remote work. There are multiple factors that influence such decisions for both business organizations and their employees. This paper examines the perspective of employees on some key factors such as productivity, stress and attitudes towards such an opportunity. Research on the topics covered is also cited in the theoretical review. The results of a study conducted to provide general insight into employee attitudes towards telecommuting opportunities and self-assessment of their perceptions of stress, productivity and motivation are described. Conclusions based on the empirical data and generalizations about telework are drawn.
{"title":"Teleworking and Related Key Organizational Factors","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines current aspects related to the growing popularity of telecommuting. The past pandemic has accelerated processes in this direction and more and more employers are taking advantage of the opportunities provided by digital technologies for remote work. There are multiple factors that influence such decisions for both business organizations and their employees. This paper examines the perspective of employees on some key factors such as productivity, stress and attitudes towards such an opportunity. Research on the topics covered is also cited in the theoretical review. The results of a study conducted to provide general insight into employee attitudes towards telecommuting opportunities and self-assessment of their perceptions of stress, productivity and motivation are described. Conclusions based on the empirical data and generalizations about telework are drawn.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130431036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to uncover, describe, and analyze existing inconsistencies between the parameters of the Bulgarian public pension system and international adequacy standards applicable to old-age pensions and embedded in Convention No. 102 of the International Labour Organization and the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. The thesis is that the identified gaps, as they relate to the legislative framework but not to actions of national social policy authorities in implementing the legislation, are a result of political decisions that consistently undermine international commitments in the social policy area undertaken by Bulgaria. These decisions weaken important pension policy functions and especially its protection, insurance and distribution functions. The outcomes are higher risk of poverty among the elderly, decline in their economic status after retirement and vulnerability for pensioners during periods of sharp rise in the cost of living. Some issues about the future adequacy of public pensions within the interaction between public state social insurance and supplementary mandatory pension insurance are also discussed.
{"title":"Current Problems of the Adequacy of Public Pensions in Bulgaria","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to uncover, describe, and analyze existing inconsistencies between the parameters of the Bulgarian public pension system and international adequacy standards applicable to old-age pensions and embedded in Convention No. 102 of the International Labour Organization and the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. The thesis is that the identified gaps, as they relate to the legislative framework but not to actions of national social policy authorities in implementing the legislation, are a result of political decisions that consistently undermine international commitments in the social policy area undertaken by Bulgaria. These decisions weaken important pension policy functions and especially its protection, insurance and distribution functions. The outcomes are higher risk of poverty among the elderly, decline in their economic status after retirement and vulnerability for pensioners during periods of sharp rise in the cost of living. Some issues about the future adequacy of public pensions within the interaction between public state social insurance and supplementary mandatory pension insurance are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121610053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Design has the ability to provide new meanings and facts, which is an important driver of value creation. As a result, the integration of design as a business skill in project management and business organizations in general is increasingly being studied and put into practice nowadays. This article provides a brief overview of the existing literature on design management – generally and specifically – in that of projects. Based on it, aspects regarding the possibilities of integrating “design thinking” into the management activities of project organizations have been discovered and deduced. Separately, some more important results of an author’s survey conducted among managers of Bulgarian project-oriented business organizations are provided, regarding the tools they use from the “design thinking” methodology in their usual business and project activities. The study helps establish the existing design practices in our country and reveals opportunities for integrating the method in the management of projects as well.
{"title":"Integrating the “Design Thinking” Approach into Project Management","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Design has the ability to provide new meanings and facts, which is an important driver of value creation. As a result, the integration of design as a business skill in project management and business organizations in general is increasingly being studied and put into practice nowadays. This article provides a brief overview of the existing literature on design management – generally and specifically – in that of projects. Based on it, aspects regarding the possibilities of integrating “design thinking” into the management activities of project organizations have been discovered and deduced. Separately, some more important results of an author’s survey conducted among managers of Bulgarian project-oriented business organizations are provided, regarding the tools they use from the “design thinking” methodology in their usual business and project activities. The study helps establish the existing design practices in our country and reveals opportunities for integrating the method in the management of projects as well.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127571831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sustainability accounting concept meets its significance nowadays due to the growing necessity for producing, providing and disclosing non-financial information for a company’s activity in ecological, social and managerial aspect. The research proves the growing significance of sustainability accounting nowadays as it presents the necessity for business organizations to implement the sustainability accounting concept. The research provides room for future scientific researches in relation to applying the sustainability accounting concept in business organizations’ sustainability strategy.
{"title":"Theoretical Aspects of Sustainability Accounting","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainability accounting concept meets its significance nowadays due to the growing necessity for producing, providing and disclosing non-financial information for a company’s activity in ecological, social and managerial aspect. The research proves the growing significance of sustainability accounting nowadays as it presents the necessity for business organizations to implement the sustainability accounting concept. The research provides room for future scientific researches in relation to applying the sustainability accounting concept in business organizations’ sustainability strategy.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129034313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teaching methods in secondary education have undergone significant changes due to COVID-19. The paper examines the positive impact of investing in education through the Strategic Framework for the Development of Education, Training and Learning in the Republic of Bulgaria (2021-2030) and digital technologies. The aim of this paper is to identify key challenges and relevant solutions through a study of teaching methods in secondary education.
{"title":"Development of Secondary Education through Digital Learning Methods","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching methods in secondary education have undergone significant changes due to COVID-19. The paper examines the positive impact of investing in education through the Strategic Framework for the Development of Education, Training and Learning in the Republic of Bulgaria (2021-2030) and digital technologies. The aim of this paper is to identify key challenges and relevant solutions through a study of teaching methods in secondary education.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125794797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study presents and summarizes in a condensed manner the basic postulates and concepts arising from the principles and ideas of fractal geometry, applied in the field of behavior and dynamics of financial markets. A comparative analysis has been made between the classic financial and statistical indicators for measuring and summarizing a certain state of the financial system, on one hand, and the main quantitative parameters resulting from the fractal analysis, on the other. In the last part, an analysis and test for fractality of the Bulgarian financial market has been made represented by the main stock index – SOFIX.
{"title":"Application of Fractal Geometry in Studies of the Bulgarian Financial Market","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2023.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2023.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The present study presents and summarizes in a condensed manner the basic postulates and concepts arising from the principles and ideas of fractal geometry, applied in the field of behavior and dynamics of financial markets. A comparative analysis has been made between the classic financial and statistical indicators for measuring and summarizing a certain state of the financial system, on one hand, and the main quantitative parameters resulting from the fractal analysis, on the other. In the last part, an analysis and test for fractality of the Bulgarian financial market has been made represented by the main stock index – SOFIX.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133084719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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