Media literacy is one of the key competencies and skills for living and working in the 21st century. According to experts, media literacy and media education are part of the solution to the newest social and technological problems facing humanity. Media literacy education is a lifelong education, but it is particularly important to start at an early age, to be continued and upgraded in secondary and higher education with the efforts of all formal and non-formal institutions and organizations. The aim of the “Integration of media literacy teaching practices in secondary and higher schools in Bulgaria” research project, which a team from the Department of Media and Public Communications at UNWE is working on during the 2019-2022 period, is to focus on the results of media education on an international, European and national scale. The study presents the first of its kind in Bulgarian scientific literature analytical review of the definitions of media literacy of foreign and Bulgarian experts and organizations, leading policies and strategies of international organizations working in the field of media education, national practices of many European and other countries. The results achieved in the field of secondary and higher education in our country have been thoroughly studied and the deficits in formal and non-formal education in this field have been highlighted. Within the research project, a survey was conducted with 534 teachers on the problems of media literacy in Bulgaria and in-depth interviews with experts in the field. Based on the research, the team proves the importance of media literacy for modern society and the need for active government policy for its development in Bulgaria.
{"title":"Integration of Media Literacy Teaching Practices in Secondary and Higher Education Schools in Bulgaria","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Media literacy is one of the key competencies and skills for living and working in the 21st century. According to experts, media literacy and media education are part of the solution to the newest social and technological problems facing humanity. Media literacy education is a lifelong education, but it is particularly important to start at an early age, to be continued and upgraded in secondary and higher education with the efforts of all formal and non-formal institutions and organizations. The aim of the “Integration of media literacy teaching practices in secondary and higher schools in Bulgaria” research project, which a team from the Department of Media and Public Communications at UNWE is working on during the 2019-2022 period, is to focus on the results of media education on an international, European and national scale. The study presents the first of its kind in Bulgarian scientific literature analytical review of the definitions of media literacy of foreign and Bulgarian experts and organizations, leading policies and strategies of international organizations working in the field of media education, national practices of many European and other countries. The results achieved in the field of secondary and higher education in our country have been thoroughly studied and the deficits in formal and non-formal education in this field have been highlighted. Within the research project, a survey was conducted with 534 teachers on the problems of media literacy in Bulgaria and in-depth interviews with experts in the field. Based on the research, the team proves the importance of media literacy for modern society and the need for active government policy for its development in Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116120525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is designed to demonstrate the application of the option valuation technique in the field of real assets valuation and in particular – valuation of entire enterprises. The main postulates and assumptions underlying the valuation of options are presented, and in order to derive the most plausible valuation methodology, a key emphasis is placed on the dynamics of the underlying asset. The main probabilistic processes modeling the behavior of asset prices cited in the scientific literature and used in practice are analyzed. In the practical part, the option technique is applied for valuation of an enterprise operating in the field of oil production, distribution and sale, as two parallel comparative estimates of the enterprise value are made depending on the assumptions for the dynamics of uncertainty of the underlying asset.
{"title":"Real Options Valuation under Different Dynamics of the Underlying Asset","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is designed to demonstrate the application of the option valuation technique in the field of real assets valuation and in particular – valuation of entire enterprises. The main postulates and assumptions underlying the valuation of options are presented, and in order to derive the most plausible valuation methodology, a key emphasis is placed on the dynamics of the underlying asset. The main probabilistic processes modeling the behavior of asset prices cited in the scientific literature and used in practice are analyzed. In the practical part, the option technique is applied for valuation of an enterprise operating in the field of oil production, distribution and sale, as two parallel comparative estimates of the enterprise value are made depending on the assumptions for the dynamics of uncertainty of the underlying asset.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128657538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article interprets the attitudes in Bulgarian society regarding equal access to healthcare and the assessment of health services quality. Socio-cultural and economic factors leading to distinct inequalities in the provision and receipt of this basic welfare care are thoroughly analyzed. The object of analysis is data obtained from an international comparative study conducted in parallel in more than 50 countries in compliance with uniform standards set by the International Program for Social Research (ISSP). Differences in access to health services and care based on some demographic characteristics, such as age, have been identified and discussed; significant links have been sought and found between material and social status and the degree of (in)tolerance towards the perception of health inequalities as social (in)justice. The general negative assessment and dissatisfaction with the services provided by the health care system, instead of creating readiness to increase the significance of health insurance, push people back and deepen the crisis of confidence in this vital for every society system.
{"title":"Health Inequalities in Bulgarian Society: Socio-Economic Determination","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article interprets the attitudes in Bulgarian society regarding equal access to healthcare and the assessment of health services quality. Socio-cultural and economic factors leading to distinct inequalities in the provision and receipt of this basic welfare care are thoroughly analyzed. The object of analysis is data obtained from an international comparative study conducted in parallel in more than 50 countries in compliance with uniform standards set by the International Program for Social Research (ISSP). Differences in access to health services and care based on some demographic characteristics, such as age, have been identified and discussed; significant links have been sought and found between material and social status and the degree of (in)tolerance towards the perception of health inequalities as social (in)justice. The general negative assessment and dissatisfaction with the services provided by the health care system, instead of creating readiness to increase the significance of health insurance, push people back and deepen the crisis of confidence in this vital for every society system.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130776094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ergodicity economics is a young and relatively unexplored field of science that has an interdisciplinary nature and combines mathematics, statistics and economics. The theory of ergodicity economics is based entirely on a mathematical model and rejects psychological factors as part of the decision-making process in economics. Isolating psychological factors in the model of ergodicity economics does not make them less significant. The article aims to present another point of view on ergodicity in economics and to present an alternative to ergodicity economics outside the mathematical model. This alternative is designated with the scientific term “psychological ergodicity” and is observed in counterparties starting a business in foreign markets.
{"title":"Psychological View of Ergodicity Economics","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ergodicity economics is a young and relatively unexplored field of science that has an interdisciplinary nature and combines mathematics, statistics and economics. The theory of ergodicity economics is based entirely on a mathematical model and rejects psychological factors as part of the decision-making process in economics. Isolating psychological factors in the model of ergodicity economics does not make them less significant. The article aims to present another point of view on ergodicity in economics and to present an alternative to ergodicity economics outside the mathematical model. This alternative is designated with the scientific term “psychological ergodicity” and is observed in counterparties starting a business in foreign markets.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126816904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intellectual property encompasses a wide range of creations of the human intellect that, applied to industry and commerce, have important economic implications. Intellectual property has a set of rights that apply to a series of objects of protection, ranging from works of art and other works of art to technical solutions. Within its wide range of objects are the works of applied arts, which are a specific object of protection, taking into account their specific nature. The purpose of this article is to study the works of applied arts and to identify the complex of objects of intellectual property in these works, which is the current subject of research in this article. The author identifies the object “applied arts” and presents an author’s classification of the types of works of applied arts. Examples of decisions in the field of applied art in Bulgaria according to the data of the Patent Office of the Republic of Bulgaria are presented.
{"title":"Works of Applied Arts as Intellectual Property","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual property encompasses a wide range of creations of the human intellect that, applied to industry and commerce, have important economic implications. Intellectual property has a set of rights that apply to a series of objects of protection, ranging from works of art and other works of art to technical solutions. Within its wide range of objects are the works of applied arts, which are a specific object of protection, taking into account their specific nature. The purpose of this article is to study the works of applied arts and to identify the complex of objects of intellectual property in these works, which is the current subject of research in this article. The author identifies the object “applied arts” and presents an author’s classification of the types of works of applied arts. Examples of decisions in the field of applied art in Bulgaria according to the data of the Patent Office of the Republic of Bulgaria are presented.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128139980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Special emphasis is put on the strategic management of insurance companies and the management of risks as a possibility to realize losses and to manage them by means of methods aimed at reducing, controlling and financing those risks. The process of risk management is an ongoing and evolving one with a clear separation of duties for the staff involved in its management in and out of the insurance company. The focus is on the risks for the insurance company and the search for adequate methods for risk management. The purpose of this article is to systematize the risks inherent in the insurance company and the possible methods of risk management with applicability in practice. The main thesis of the article is that risk management methods have an inherent and justified, full or partial application among insurance companies and must be complex. The complex nature also requires integrated application of management methods, by risks and levels – “insurance company level”, “insurance company level and insurance product” level.
{"title":"Implementation of the Risk Management Methods of Insurance Companies","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Special emphasis is put on the strategic management of insurance companies and the management of risks as a possibility to realize losses and to manage them by means of methods aimed at reducing, controlling and financing those risks. The process of risk management is an ongoing and evolving one with a clear separation of duties for the staff involved in its management in and out of the insurance company. The focus is on the risks for the insurance company and the search for adequate methods for risk management. The purpose of this article is to systematize the risks inherent in the insurance company and the possible methods of risk management with applicability in practice. The main thesis of the article is that risk management methods have an inherent and justified, full or partial application among insurance companies and must be complex. The complex nature also requires integrated application of management methods, by risks and levels – “insurance company level”, “insurance company level and insurance product” level.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The report examines some aspects of the management of insurance companies for the purposes of sustainable development of the business. This is a starting point in building the corporate and business strategy of insurance companies. The sustainable development of the business is also the ultimate goal of the main activities of the insurer such as: - indemnification of the insured upon occurrence of the covered risks under the insurance contracts; – risk management in accordance with the principles of insurance; – providing value to the insured; – claims management by observing correct payment under the contractual terms, quality customer service and minimal costs; – return on investment of insurance funds. The main factors for sustainable development related to strategic planning and activities related to insurance are analyzed: sales, claims management, investment management, administration, other.
{"title":"Management and Sustainable Development of Insurance Companies","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The report examines some aspects of the management of insurance companies for the purposes of sustainable development of the business. This is a starting point in building the corporate and business strategy of insurance companies. The sustainable development of the business is also the ultimate goal of the main activities of the insurer such as: - indemnification of the insured upon occurrence of the covered risks under the insurance contracts; – risk management in accordance with the principles of insurance; – providing value to the insured; – claims management by observing correct payment under the contractual terms, quality customer service and minimal costs; – return on investment of insurance funds. The main factors for sustainable development related to strategic planning and activities related to insurance are analyzed: sales, claims management, investment management, administration, other.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefits of implementing social audit in social enterprises. To achieve this goal, the essential characteristics of social enterprises and social audit are analyzed, some good examples of social enterprises are presented, as well as some unethical practices of social enterprises. Modern community is facing a number of difficulties and challenges. It is known that social enterprises have the ability and potential to bring about positive change, but the implementation of social audit would ensure sustainable economic activity in the name of a social cause, protecting all stakeholders.
{"title":"The Benefits of Implementing Social Audit in Social Enterprises","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefits of implementing social audit in social enterprises. To achieve this goal, the essential characteristics of social enterprises and social audit are analyzed, some good examples of social enterprises are presented, as well as some unethical practices of social enterprises. Modern community is facing a number of difficulties and challenges. It is known that social enterprises have the ability and potential to bring about positive change, but the implementation of social audit would ensure sustainable economic activity in the name of a social cause, protecting all stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133687289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the age of digital transformation, information and technology (I&T) have become critically important for enterprise support, sustainability and growth. Stakeholder value creation (i.e. realizing the benefits of optimal cost of resources while optimizing risk) is often driven by a high degree of digitalization in new business models, efficient processes, successful innovations, etc. Digitized businesses are increasingly dependent on I&T for survival and growth. Given the centrality of I&T in corporate risk management and value generation, special attention has been given to Enterprise Governance of Information and Technology (EGIT) over the last three decades. EGIT is an integral part of corporate governance. Over the years, the best practice frameworks have been developed and promoted to support the process of understanding, designing and implementing EGIT. COBIT is a framework for the governance and management of enterprise information and technology. COBIT® 2019 builds on and integrates more than 25 years of development in this field, not only incorporating new science knowledge, but also bringing these insights into operational practice. The features and structure of COBIT and the innovations in this version of the framework are discussed. A business case for the effective implementation of COBIT as an approach to improve information and technology management in a corporate environment is also presented.
{"title":"Enterprise Governance and Management of Information Technology Based on COBIT 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of digital transformation, information and technology (I&T) have become critically important for enterprise support, sustainability and growth. Stakeholder value creation (i.e. realizing the benefits of optimal cost of resources while optimizing risk) is often driven by a high degree of digitalization in new business models, efficient processes, successful innovations, etc. Digitized businesses are increasingly dependent on I&T for survival and growth. Given the centrality of I&T in corporate risk management and value generation, special attention has been given to Enterprise Governance of Information and Technology (EGIT) over the last three decades. EGIT is an integral part of corporate governance. Over the years, the best practice frameworks have been developed and promoted to support the process of understanding, designing and implementing EGIT. COBIT is a framework for the governance and management of enterprise information and technology. COBIT® 2019 builds on and integrates more than 25 years of development in this field, not only incorporating new science knowledge, but also bringing these insights into operational practice. The features and structure of COBIT and the innovations in this version of the framework are discussed. A business case for the effective implementation of COBIT as an approach to improve information and technology management in a corporate environment is also presented.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122004986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the conditions of the socio-economic changes in the country over the past 33 years, one of the main problems of Northwestern Bulgaria is economic backwardness and population aging, which do not create conditions for effective functioning of the labor market and increase vacancies. The standard of living of a large part of the population in this part of the country has dropped significantly and led to progressive impoverishment. Even trade and services there are also not efficient enough to create good conditions for maintaining a good balance between labor supply and demand due to population decline, persistently low incomes and poverty. This article analyzes the inter-district differences between unemployment and poverty in Northwestern Bulgaria for the 2016-2020 period. Based on this analysis, measures are proposed to implement policies to reduce them. Unemployment and poverty research can help make management decisions related to socio-economic development, as well as to assess investment opportunities as an important step towards revitalizing the Northwest and making it an appealing place to live.
{"title":"Poverty and Unemployment in Northwestern Bulgaria – Status, Trends and Regional Differences","authors":"","doi":"10.37075/isa.2022.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37075/isa.2022.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of the socio-economic changes in the country over the past 33 years, one of the main problems of Northwestern Bulgaria is economic backwardness and population aging, which do not create conditions for effective functioning of the labor market and increase vacancies. The standard of living of a large part of the population in this part of the country has dropped significantly and led to progressive impoverishment. Even trade and services there are also not efficient enough to create good conditions for maintaining a good balance between labor supply and demand due to population decline, persistently low incomes and poverty. This article analyzes the inter-district differences between unemployment and poverty in Northwestern Bulgaria for the 2016-2020 period. Based on this analysis, measures are proposed to implement policies to reduce them. Unemployment and poverty research can help make management decisions related to socio-economic development, as well as to assess investment opportunities as an important step towards revitalizing the Northwest and making it an appealing place to live.","PeriodicalId":435790,"journal":{"name":"Economic and social alternatives","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131319514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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