Pub Date : 2019-08-28DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85872
Carlos Alberto Burguillos Fajardo
In recent years, from the majority of field experiences, it has been learned that communications networks are one of the major pillars for disaster management. In this regard, the exploitation of different space technology applications to support the communications services in disasters plays an important role, in the prevention and mitigation of the natural disasters effects on terrestrial communications infrastructures. However, this chapter presents the design and implementation of an emergency communications network for disaster management, based on a topology that integrates communications satellites with remote sensing satellites into an emergency communications network to be activated in disaster events, which affect public or private terrestrial communications infrastructures. Likewise, to design the network, different technical and operational specifications are considered; among which are: the emergency operational strategies implementation to maneuver remote sensing satellites on orbit for optimal images capture and processing, as well as the payload and radio frequencies characterization in communications satellites to implement communications technology tools useful for disaster management. Therefore, this emergency communications network allows putting in operation diverse communications infrastructures for data and images exchange, making available the essential information to accomplish a fast response in disasters or to facilitate the communications infrastructures recuperation in emergencies situations.
{"title":"Emergency Communications Network for Disaster Management","authors":"Carlos Alberto Burguillos Fajardo","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.85872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85872","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, from the majority of field experiences, it has been learned that communications networks are one of the major pillars for disaster management. In this regard, the exploitation of different space technology applications to support the communications services in disasters plays an important role, in the prevention and mitigation of the natural disasters effects on terrestrial communications infrastructures. However, this chapter presents the design and implementation of an emergency communications network for disaster management, based on a topology that integrates communications satellites with remote sensing satellites into an emergency communications network to be activated in disaster events, which affect public or private terrestrial communications infrastructures. Likewise, to design the network, different technical and operational specifications are considered; among which are: the emergency operational strategies implementation to maneuver remote sensing satellites on orbit for optimal images capture and processing, as well as the payload and radio frequencies characterization in communications satellites to implement communications technology tools useful for disaster management. Therefore, this emergency communications network allows putting in operation diverse communications infrastructures for data and images exchange, making available the essential information to accomplish a fast response in disasters or to facilitate the communications infrastructures recuperation in emergencies situations.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126559379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-15DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85129
W. Salazar, Garth Mannette, Kafele Reddock, C. Ash
This book chapter explains the methodology to determine the shear wave velocity V S profile employing microtremors array data at Port of Spain, Trinidad, and its implication in the seismic amplification and liquefaction hazard in the city. We divide this study into five sections; firstly, we introduce a description of the spectral autocorrelation method and the genetic algorithm schemes to retrieve the Vs and thickness of soil layers. Secondly, we validate the soil profiles via inspection of the ellipticity pattern at such sites; we also compared the observed horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (H/V) with the synthetic ones derived by the Diffuse Field Approach and 1D theoretical SH wave amplification functions. Thirdly, we compute the shear wave velocity in the first 30 m obtained from our genetic inversion and compared with the ones estimated by the empirical formulas based on geomorphological conditions. Fourthly, we present a preliminary liquefaction hazard map based on the level of H/V microtremor ratios and the fundamental period of vibration. Finally, we conclude with further recommendations for planning purposes in the city of Port of Spain.
{"title":"Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Profiles Employing Genetic Algorithms and the Diffuse Field Approach on Microtremors Array: Implications on Liquefaction Hazard at Port of Spain, Trinidad","authors":"W. Salazar, Garth Mannette, Kafele Reddock, C. Ash","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85129","url":null,"abstract":"This book chapter explains the methodology to determine the shear wave velocity V S profile employing microtremors array data at Port of Spain, Trinidad, and its implication in the seismic amplification and liquefaction hazard in the city. We divide this study into five sections; firstly, we introduce a description of the spectral autocorrelation method and the genetic algorithm schemes to retrieve the Vs and thickness of soil layers. Secondly, we validate the soil profiles via inspection of the ellipticity pattern at such sites; we also compared the observed horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (H/V) with the synthetic ones derived by the Diffuse Field Approach and 1D theoretical SH wave amplification functions. Thirdly, we compute the shear wave velocity in the first 30 m obtained from our genetic inversion and compared with the ones estimated by the empirical formulas based on geomorphological conditions. Fourthly, we present a preliminary liquefaction hazard map based on the level of H/V microtremor ratios and the fundamental period of vibration. Finally, we conclude with further recommendations for planning purposes in the city of Port of Spain.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124314481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84392
Zhao Xueying, Zhang Shunfu, Zhao Xiaoqiu
Reservoir is an important part of water conservancy engineering system and an important infrastructure for economic and social development. However, with the increase of operating time, as well as the change of social demand and operating environment, the safety, function, benefit, cost, and other characteristics of the reservoir are also changing. Like living things, reservoirs also have a life cycle of “birth, old age, illness, and death.” The retirement of a dam is an inevitable stage in the life cycle management, as well as a means of resource readjustment and rational utilization. Combined with dam retirement cases that caused severe impacts in history, generalized dam removal eco-environment influence factors are obtained from aspects of materializing, ecology, society, and economy. Based on economic rationality theory and flood consequence assessment, two decision-making methods of dam retirement are put forward. The flood consequence method is applied on the case of Heiwa reservoir; key evaluation indexes are compiled from the aspects of ecology, economy, and society; and the evaluation system based on single index is constructed.
{"title":"Dam Retirement and Decision-Making","authors":"Zhao Xueying, Zhang Shunfu, Zhao Xiaoqiu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84392","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir is an important part of water conservancy engineering system and an important infrastructure for economic and social development. However, with the increase of operating time, as well as the change of social demand and operating environment, the safety, function, benefit, cost, and other characteristics of the reservoir are also changing. Like living things, reservoirs also have a life cycle of “birth, old age, illness, and death.” The retirement of a dam is an inevitable stage in the life cycle management, as well as a means of resource readjustment and rational utilization. Combined with dam retirement cases that caused severe impacts in history, generalized dam removal eco-environment influence factors are obtained from aspects of materializing, ecology, society, and economy. Based on economic rationality theory and flood consequence assessment, two decision-making methods of dam retirement are put forward. The flood consequence method is applied on the case of Heiwa reservoir; key evaluation indexes are compiled from the aspects of ecology, economy, and society; and the evaluation system based on single index is constructed.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131231453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83684
S. Özel
This study includes natural hazards and environmental problems caused by gypsum on and near the soil, water, and structures. These are karst-specific deformations (caves, fractures, cracks) naturally occurring in gypsum areas, and the problems of salinization, corrosion, erosion, soil and water pollution that occur as a result of dissolution caused by the contact of gypsum with water. In particular, it has been determined that various transfer routes/lines that facilitate human life cause problems on substructures/superstructures resulting from their passage in gypsum areas or on substructures/superstructures (road, buried pipe, building) resulting from the spread of urbanization on this unit, and these have various risks. As a result of these events that have been proven by various studies, it has also been observed that gypsum causes natural hazards and has environmental impacts on human/plant/animal life and living environments and it has also been determined that the quality and sustainability of life/living environment decreased. Therefore, in this study, it has been put forward that gypsum areas pose a risk for the life of all kinds of living beings and that the choice of gypsum areas in the site selection for urbanization will always be risky with respect to natural hazards and environmental problems.
{"title":"Identification and Assessment of Hazard of Development in Gypsum Karst Regions: Examples from Turkey","authors":"S. Özel","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83684","url":null,"abstract":"This study includes natural hazards and environmental problems caused by gypsum on and near the soil, water, and structures. These are karst-specific deformations (caves, fractures, cracks) naturally occurring in gypsum areas, and the problems of salinization, corrosion, erosion, soil and water pollution that occur as a result of dissolution caused by the contact of gypsum with water. In particular, it has been determined that various transfer routes/lines that facilitate human life cause problems on substructures/superstructures resulting from their passage in gypsum areas or on substructures/superstructures (road, buried pipe, building) resulting from the spread of urbanization on this unit, and these have various risks. As a result of these events that have been proven by various studies, it has also been observed that gypsum causes natural hazards and has environmental impacts on human/plant/animal life and living environments and it has also been determined that the quality and sustainability of life/living environment decreased. Therefore, in this study, it has been put forward that gypsum areas pose a risk for the life of all kinds of living beings and that the choice of gypsum areas in the site selection for urbanization will always be risky with respect to natural hazards and environmental problems.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126705065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85483
T. Kakinuma
First, the generation and propagation of long ocean waves due to the atmospheric-pressure variation have been simulated using the numerical model based on the nonlinear shallow water equations, where the atmospheric-pressure waves of various pressure-profile patterns travel eastward over East China Sea. Before the oscillation attenuation in Urauchi Bay, Japan, the incidence of long waves can continue owing to an oscillation system generated between the main island of Kyushu and Okinawa Trough. Second, the simple estimate equations are proposed to predict both the wave height and wavelength of long waves caused by an atmospheric-pressure wave, using atmospheric-pressure data above the ocean. Third, numerical simulation has been generated for the oscillation in the harbors of C-, I-, L-, and T-type shapes, as well as Urauchi Bay with two bay heads like a T-type harbor. Finally, we discuss disaster measures, including the real-time prediction of meteotsunami generation, as well as both the structural and the nonstructural preparations.
{"title":"Long-Wave Generation due to Atmospheric-Pressure Variation and Harbor Oscillation in Harbors of Various Shapes and Countermeasures against Meteotsunamis","authors":"T. Kakinuma","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85483","url":null,"abstract":"First, the generation and propagation of long ocean waves due to the atmospheric-pressure variation have been simulated using the numerical model based on the nonlinear shallow water equations, where the atmospheric-pressure waves of various pressure-profile patterns travel eastward over East China Sea. Before the oscillation attenuation in Urauchi Bay, Japan, the incidence of long waves can continue owing to an oscillation system generated between the main island of Kyushu and Okinawa Trough. Second, the simple estimate equations are proposed to predict both the wave height and wavelength of long waves caused by an atmospheric-pressure wave, using atmospheric-pressure data above the ocean. Third, numerical simulation has been generated for the oscillation in the harbors of C-, I-, L-, and T-type shapes, as well as Urauchi Bay with two bay heads like a T-type harbor. Finally, we discuss disaster measures, including the real-time prediction of meteotsunami generation, as well as both the structural and the nonstructural preparations.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131842293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85700
W. Zatar
Prestressed concrete viaduct structures are used for the construction of many highways and railways. The objective of this study was to clarify the inelastic response behavior of partially prestressed concrete viaduct structures during severe earthquake excitations. A study that includes experimental and analytical phases was carried out. Small-scaled models were employed so as to represent actual viaduct structures. Specimens representing the PC girders of the viaduct structures were tested experimentally. The first technique was statically reversed cyclic loading test to study the inelastic response behavior of the PC girders and to obtain the hysteretic-load deformational characteristics. The sub-structured pseudo-dynamic testing technique was implemented as the second testing technique. During the sub-structured pseudo-dynamic test, the PC girder was tested experimentally, and the RC columns of the viaduct structure were simulated analytically. An amplified excitation of the 1995 Hyogo Ken Nanbu earthquake was used. Response analyses for the viaduct model were carried out. A comparison between the experimental results and results obtained from response analyses was made. An agreement between the experimental and analytical results was found. The study revealed that not only the RC columns but also the PC girders may undergo extensive damage during severe earthquake excitations.
{"title":"Seismic Hazard of Viaduct Transportation Infrastructure","authors":"W. Zatar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85700","url":null,"abstract":"Prestressed concrete viaduct structures are used for the construction of many highways and railways. The objective of this study was to clarify the inelastic response behavior of partially prestressed concrete viaduct structures during severe earthquake excitations. A study that includes experimental and analytical phases was carried out. Small-scaled models were employed so as to represent actual viaduct structures. Specimens representing the PC girders of the viaduct structures were tested experimentally. The first technique was statically reversed cyclic loading test to study the inelastic response behavior of the PC girders and to obtain the hysteretic-load deformational characteristics. The sub-structured pseudo-dynamic testing technique was implemented as the second testing technique. During the sub-structured pseudo-dynamic test, the PC girder was tested experimentally, and the RC columns of the viaduct structure were simulated analytically. An amplified excitation of the 1995 Hyogo Ken Nanbu earthquake was used. Response analyses for the viaduct model were carried out. A comparison between the experimental results and results obtained from response analyses was made. An agreement between the experimental and analytical results was found. The study revealed that not only the RC columns but also the PC girders may undergo extensive damage during severe earthquake excitations.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123360547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-09DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84571
T. Nji, Roland Azibo Balgah
Floods and droughts—the most frequent water-related hazards are negatively impacting livelihoods across the world, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where poverty remains endemic. Naturally, victims adopt different coping strategies against burgeoning hydro-meteorological hazards. Contemporary research on determinants for coping decisions in SSA has been largely driven by isolated case studies, of little relevance for broad-based policy making. We analyze the determinants for coping with floods and droughts across multiple geo-eco-logical zones in Cameroon. Quantitative data primarily obtained from 2024 flood and drought household victims in the Western Highlands and Sudano-Sahelian Upland geo-ecological zones are analyzed alongside qualitative data obtained through 31 FGDs and 99 IDIs using descriptive statistics and regression analysis in MS Excel 2013 and SPSS 20 for the questionnaires and content analysis in Nvivo 11 for the unstructured interviews. Results reveal government policy, socio-cultural, economic and educational factors, and hazard experience as major shapers of coping decisions, irrespective of hazard type, timing and geo-ecology ( P = 0.05). In contrast to the state-of-the-art, we observed livelihoods improvement after some hazardous events. The policy implications for long-term coping and resilience building are then discussed.
{"title":"Determinants of Coping Strategies to Floods and Droughts in Multiple Geo-Ecological Zones","authors":"T. Nji, Roland Azibo Balgah","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84571","url":null,"abstract":"Floods and droughts—the most frequent water-related hazards are negatively impacting livelihoods across the world, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries, where poverty remains endemic. Naturally, victims adopt different coping strategies against burgeoning hydro-meteorological hazards. Contemporary research on determinants for coping decisions in SSA has been largely driven by isolated case studies, of little relevance for broad-based policy making. We analyze the determinants for coping with floods and droughts across multiple geo-eco-logical zones in Cameroon. Quantitative data primarily obtained from 2024 flood and drought household victims in the Western Highlands and Sudano-Sahelian Upland geo-ecological zones are analyzed alongside qualitative data obtained through 31 FGDs and 99 IDIs using descriptive statistics and regression analysis in MS Excel 2013 and SPSS 20 for the questionnaires and content analysis in Nvivo 11 for the unstructured interviews. Results reveal government policy, socio-cultural, economic and educational factors, and hazard experience as major shapers of coping decisions, irrespective of hazard type, timing and geo-ecology ( P = 0.05). In contrast to the state-of-the-art, we observed livelihoods improvement after some hazardous events. The policy implications for long-term coping and resilience building are then discussed.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127764154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-09DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84159
Jian Zhu
In order to solve the increasingly serious threat of natural disasters in western Pacific coastal region, a new life-cycle cost analysis method is presented to evalu-ated the possible loss of natural disasters in the future in China. At the same time the research also lays a foundation for the promotion and establishment of earthquake catastrophe insurance in China. The estimation of earthquake losses for example RC buildings and industrial buildings based stochastic method models is the focus of the research. An assembly-based mixture fragility framework is firstly adopted for modeling and seismic loss estimation. The damage of the structural and non-structural which connected into response of the structures under given stochastic motions use nonlinear incremental time-history analysis to estimate in a detailed. Description of the uncertainty of all parameters in life-cycle cost (LCC) research through appropriate probability distributions to reach quantification of the LCC expected value. Moreover, the study is also to give the expected seismic catastrophe insurance premium (CIP) for two types of typical buildings in high seismic intensity areas of China based probabilistic seismic risk assessment in its service lifetime.
{"title":"Interview of Natural Hazards and Seismic Catastrophe Insurance Research in China","authors":"Jian Zhu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84159","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the increasingly serious threat of natural disasters in western Pacific coastal region, a new life-cycle cost analysis method is presented to evalu-ated the possible loss of natural disasters in the future in China. At the same time the research also lays a foundation for the promotion and establishment of earthquake catastrophe insurance in China. The estimation of earthquake losses for example RC buildings and industrial buildings based stochastic method models is the focus of the research. An assembly-based mixture fragility framework is firstly adopted for modeling and seismic loss estimation. The damage of the structural and non-structural which connected into response of the structures under given stochastic motions use nonlinear incremental time-history analysis to estimate in a detailed. Description of the uncertainty of all parameters in life-cycle cost (LCC) research through appropriate probability distributions to reach quantification of the LCC expected value. Moreover, the study is also to give the expected seismic catastrophe insurance premium (CIP) for two types of typical buildings in high seismic intensity areas of China based probabilistic seismic risk assessment in its service lifetime.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83735
S. H. Franchito, M. Gan, J. P. R. Fernandez
Heavy rainfall and strong winds occurred in the South of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil on 5 December 2015. In this study the synoptic conditions responsible for the storms and their social consequences are analyzed. Also, the state-of-art model (WRF) was used to simulate the atmospheric conditions in this severe event. The results showed that the storm had harmful consequences both in the cities of the region and in the interior of the state, with floods, threw down trees and impacts on the energy distribution. The synoptic analysis showed that over the Mato Grosso do Sul State at high levels occurred a region of wind difluence which was associated with convective clouds of large vertical development. This event was responsible for the heavy rainfall and strong winds in the region. The model results showed that the simulations were in good agreement with the observations. Thus, numerical weather forecast using the model may be extremely useful to obtain important information to mitigate the possible adverse effects of future severe weather events. This study forms part of a cooperative Project between National Institute for Space Research and Energy Power Company aimed to mitigate the impacts of severe events.
{"title":"Strong Rainfall in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: Synoptic Analysis and Numerical Simulation","authors":"S. H. Franchito, M. Gan, J. P. R. Fernandez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83735","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy rainfall and strong winds occurred in the South of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil on 5 December 2015. In this study the synoptic conditions responsible for the storms and their social consequences are analyzed. Also, the state-of-art model (WRF) was used to simulate the atmospheric conditions in this severe event. The results showed that the storm had harmful consequences both in the cities of the region and in the interior of the state, with floods, threw down trees and impacts on the energy distribution. The synoptic analysis showed that over the Mato Grosso do Sul State at high levels occurred a region of wind difluence which was associated with convective clouds of large vertical development. This event was responsible for the heavy rainfall and strong winds in the region. The model results showed that the simulations were in good agreement with the observations. Thus, numerical weather forecast using the model may be extremely useful to obtain important information to mitigate the possible adverse effects of future severe weather events. This study forms part of a cooperative Project between National Institute for Space Research and Energy Power Company aimed to mitigate the impacts of severe events.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"47 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120915204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83508
I. Sheremet
The chapter describes multiset-based approach to the assessment of resilience/ vulnerability of the distributed sociotechnological systems (DSTS) to natural hazards (NH). DSTS contain highly interconnected and intersected consuming and producing segments, and also resource base (RB), providing their existence and operation. NH impacts may destroy some local elements of these segments, as well as some parts of RB, thus initiating multiple chain effects, leading to negative consequences far away from the NH local strikes. To assess DSTS resilience to such impacts, multigrammatical representation of DSTS is used. A criterion of DSTS sustainability to NH, being generalization of similar criterion, known for industrial (producing) systems, is proposed. Application of this criterion to critical infrastructures is considered, as well as solution of the reverse problem, concerning subsystems of DSTS, which may stay functional after NH impact.
{"title":"Multiset-Based Assessment of Resilience of Sociotechnological Systems to Natural Hazards","authors":"I. Sheremet","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83508","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter describes multiset-based approach to the assessment of resilience/ vulnerability of the distributed sociotechnological systems (DSTS) to natural hazards (NH). DSTS contain highly interconnected and intersected consuming and producing segments, and also resource base (RB), providing their existence and operation. NH impacts may destroy some local elements of these segments, as well as some parts of RB, thus initiating multiple chain effects, leading to negative consequences far away from the NH local strikes. To assess DSTS resilience to such impacts, multigrammatical representation of DSTS is used. A criterion of DSTS sustainability to NH, being generalization of similar criterion, known for industrial (producing) systems, is proposed. Application of this criterion to critical infrastructures is considered, as well as solution of the reverse problem, concerning subsystems of DSTS, which may stay functional after NH impact.","PeriodicalId":436164,"journal":{"name":"Natural Hazards - Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126821703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：