Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448182
L. Gentile, A. Capria, M. Conti, C. Moscardini, M. Martorella
Monitoring objects in Earth’s orbit and preventing collisions is becoming an increasingly widespread task. In this regard, several monitoring systems using different type of sensors have been developed over time: Optical, Laser and Radar. In particular, and contrary to optical systems, Radar allows both day and night observation, in every weather condition. The aim of this work is to discuss the feasibility of a DVB-S2 based passive multi-bistatic radar system for the detection and tracking of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) and to consider its advantages, in comparison with active ground-based systems.
{"title":"Resident Space Object Passive Bistatic Radar Detection Using DVB-S2 Signals","authors":"L. Gentile, A. Capria, M. Conti, C. Moscardini, M. Martorella","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448182","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring objects in Earth’s orbit and preventing collisions is becoming an increasingly widespread task. In this regard, several monitoring systems using different type of sensors have been developed over time: Optical, Laser and Radar. In particular, and contrary to optical systems, Radar allows both day and night observation, in every weather condition. The aim of this work is to discuss the feasibility of a DVB-S2 based passive multi-bistatic radar system for the detection and tracking of Resident Space Objects (RSOs) and to consider its advantages, in comparison with active ground-based systems.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122818903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8447931
S. Nowok, G. Briese, S. Kueppers, R. Herschel
This paper presents a 3D millimeter wave system for robotic mapping and localization as well as for security scan applications. The system at 80 GHz uses a mechanically rotating radar system in azimuth and elevation to generate the 3D image. With this configuration a 3dB spread of an single reflector results in an azimuth and elevation resolution of 3.8°. An FMCW-Radar bandwidth can be variable adjusted up to 25 GHz, which results in an maximum range resolution of 6 mm. The principle of the system is presented including the functional structure and the hardware design.
{"title":"3D Mechanically Pivoting Radar System using FMCW Approach","authors":"S. Nowok, G. Briese, S. Kueppers, R. Herschel","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8447931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8447931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 3D millimeter wave system for robotic mapping and localization as well as for security scan applications. The system at 80 GHz uses a mechanically rotating radar system in azimuth and elevation to generate the 3D image. With this configuration a 3dB spread of an single reflector results in an azimuth and elevation resolution of 3.8°. An FMCW-Radar bandwidth can be variable adjusted up to 25 GHz, which results in an maximum range resolution of 6 mm. The principle of the system is presented including the functional structure and the hardware design.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127723057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448171
G. Serafino, F. Scotti, D. Onori, F. Falconi, F. Amato, P. Ghelfi, A. Bogoni
Microwave signal generation based on photonics has been demonstrated to provide high-quality and software-defined RF signals with unprecedented frequency tuning in a very large RF spectrum including the millimeter wave (mmW) spectral range, for new generations of extremely adaptive and high-resolution radar systems. An important feature of the photonics-based RF generation is the high and constant performance on the whole interval of operation frequencies. In this way, photonics overcomes the limitations of electronic technologies, whose performance strongly degrade with the frequency increase. Moreover, photonics-based RF generation can be implemented on chip through photonic integrated circuits, making the solution competitive with today’s RF oscillators, also in terms of size, weight and power consumption. Different photonic techniques can be adopted for mmW signal generation, i.e., based on injection locking of independent continuous wave lasers, multi-frequency lasers (e.g., mode locked laser, or opto-eletronic oscillators. This paper will detail on these techniques and it will show few important results demonstrating the large band of operation and the unprecedented performance of the photonics-based RF signal generators. Finally, an analysis of the requested integrated photonics technologies will be reported.
{"title":"Photonics for mmW signal generation","authors":"G. Serafino, F. Scotti, D. Onori, F. Falconi, F. Amato, P. Ghelfi, A. Bogoni","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448171","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave signal generation based on photonics has been demonstrated to provide high-quality and software-defined RF signals with unprecedented frequency tuning in a very large RF spectrum including the millimeter wave (mmW) spectral range, for new generations of extremely adaptive and high-resolution radar systems. An important feature of the photonics-based RF generation is the high and constant performance on the whole interval of operation frequencies. In this way, photonics overcomes the limitations of electronic technologies, whose performance strongly degrade with the frequency increase. Moreover, photonics-based RF generation can be implemented on chip through photonic integrated circuits, making the solution competitive with today’s RF oscillators, also in terms of size, weight and power consumption. Different photonic techniques can be adopted for mmW signal generation, i.e., based on injection locking of independent continuous wave lasers, multi-frequency lasers (e.g., mode locked laser, or opto-eletronic oscillators. This paper will detail on these techniques and it will show few important results demonstrating the large band of operation and the unprecedented performance of the photonics-based RF signal generators. Finally, an analysis of the requested integrated photonics technologies will be reported.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115640131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448243
Marek Konopko, Leszek Lamentowski, W. Dyszyński, T. Brenner
The most comprehensive challenge in tracking system for PCL-PET (Passive Coherent Location – Passive Emitter Tracking) multistatic passive radiolocation system is the problem of ambiguity of measurement association to tracks due to different coordinate systems (bistatic and polar systems for measurements and Cartesian system for tracking). This paper analyzes measurement association methods in order to maximize the sum of gains of all associations and also analyzes multihypothesis measurement association method.
{"title":"Analysis of Measurement Association Methods in PCL-PET Passive Location System","authors":"Marek Konopko, Leszek Lamentowski, W. Dyszyński, T. Brenner","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448243","url":null,"abstract":"The most comprehensive challenge in tracking system for PCL-PET (Passive Coherent Location – Passive Emitter Tracking) multistatic passive radiolocation system is the problem of ambiguity of measurement association to tracks due to different coordinate systems (bistatic and polar systems for measurements and Cartesian system for tracking). This paper analyzes measurement association methods in order to maximize the sum of gains of all associations and also analyzes multihypothesis measurement association method.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114603363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8447950
Marion Pilté, S. Bonnabel, F. Barbaresco
The update rate criterion used by Blackman and Van Keuk in [1] is designed to adapt the update rate of the radar when the estimation filter is reliable, which excludes the cases of high maneuvers. In this paper, we thus propose a method to detect the maneuvers, so that urgent pointings can be ordered with a wider beamwidth as soon as a maneuver is detected, to prevent target loss. This is a complementary approach to the Blackman and Van Keuk solution. The target model we opt for is based on the assumption of piecewise constant velocity’s norm, curvature, and torsion, with jumps of those latter parameters at unknown random times. To perform maneuver detection, we use the Variable Rate Particle Filter (VRPF), which is a particle filter that allows considering dynamical systems that jump at unknown random times which differ from the measurement times, and is here fed with the IEKF outputs and used as a maneuver detector.
{"title":"Maneuver Detector for Active Tracking Update Rate Adaptation","authors":"Marion Pilté, S. Bonnabel, F. Barbaresco","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8447950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8447950","url":null,"abstract":"The update rate criterion used by Blackman and Van Keuk in [1] is designed to adapt the update rate of the radar when the estimation filter is reliable, which excludes the cases of high maneuvers. In this paper, we thus propose a method to detect the maneuvers, so that urgent pointings can be ordered with a wider beamwidth as soon as a maneuver is detected, to prevent target loss. This is a complementary approach to the Blackman and Van Keuk solution. The target model we opt for is based on the assumption of piecewise constant velocity’s norm, curvature, and torsion, with jumps of those latter parameters at unknown random times. To perform maneuver detection, we use the Variable Rate Particle Filter (VRPF), which is a particle filter that allows considering dynamical systems that jump at unknown random times which differ from the measurement times, and is here fed with the IEKF outputs and used as a maneuver detector.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114729061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448045
U. Karahasanovic, Thomas Stifter, H. Beise, A. Fox, D. Tatarinov
We present a mathematical model for chest and abdomen motion during breathing, where a radar-based sensor records the superposition of the signals coming from chest and abdominal regions. The oscillatory movement of abdomen does not necessarily need to be synchronous to that of a chest. The degree of asynchrony between these two motions, called thoracoabdominal asynchrony can be described by the phase-lag angle. A large value of the phase-lag angle indicates the presence of certain breathing abnormalities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, airway obstruction or the presence of certain neuromuscular diseases. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that different values for the phase lag lead to different complex shapes in the in-phase versus quadrature signal plane (complex plane). In the limit of large carrier wavelength (when the carrier wavelength is much larger than the typical chest/abdomen displacement amplitude during breathing), these shapes reduce to Lissajous figures. We present Matlab simulation results, where thoracoabdominal asynchrony was simulated using a radar simulation and analysis tool that models the entire signal chain from RF to IF domain.
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling and Simulations of Complex Breathing Patterns Detected by RADAR Sensors","authors":"U. Karahasanovic, Thomas Stifter, H. Beise, A. Fox, D. Tatarinov","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448045","url":null,"abstract":"We present a mathematical model for chest and abdomen motion during breathing, where a radar-based sensor records the superposition of the signals coming from chest and abdominal regions. The oscillatory movement of abdomen does not necessarily need to be synchronous to that of a chest. The degree of asynchrony between these two motions, called thoracoabdominal asynchrony can be described by the phase-lag angle. A large value of the phase-lag angle indicates the presence of certain breathing abnormalities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, airway obstruction or the presence of certain neuromuscular diseases. Using a simple mathematical model, we show that different values for the phase lag lead to different complex shapes in the in-phase versus quadrature signal plane (complex plane). In the limit of large carrier wavelength (when the carrier wavelength is much larger than the typical chest/abdomen displacement amplitude during breathing), these shapes reduce to Lissajous figures. We present Matlab simulation results, where thoracoabdominal asynchrony was simulated using a radar simulation and analysis tool that models the entire signal chain from RF to IF domain.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114884675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448069
D. Cataldo, M. Martorella
Radar systems often allow for long dwell time on target. This can be achieved by using either wide beam antennas or by means of tracking systems. Long observation times are useful because they increase the probability to form effective Radar images. In fact, Radar images of non-cooperative moving targets strongly depend on the target’s motions and often they are hard to interpret due to the particular image projection plane formed. Moreover, the image focus depends on the same motions. Therefore, it becomes essential to select a suitable time window in order to obtain an effective Radar image. This paper proposes a new technique for optimal time window selection. The proposed method is meant to combine different image quality parameters, namely Image Contrast (IC) and Doppler Spread (DS) and is tested by using real Radar data.
{"title":"Optimal CPI selection based on Doppler Spread and Image Contrast","authors":"D. Cataldo, M. Martorella","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448069","url":null,"abstract":"Radar systems often allow for long dwell time on target. This can be achieved by using either wide beam antennas or by means of tracking systems. Long observation times are useful because they increase the probability to form effective Radar images. In fact, Radar images of non-cooperative moving targets strongly depend on the target’s motions and often they are hard to interpret due to the particular image projection plane formed. Moreover, the image focus depends on the same motions. Therefore, it becomes essential to select a suitable time window in order to obtain an effective Radar image. This paper proposes a new technique for optimal time window selection. The proposed method is meant to combine different image quality parameters, namely Image Contrast (IC) and Doppler Spread (DS) and is tested by using real Radar data.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125196665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448150
Christof Schüpbach, S. Welschen
Algorithms to suppress the direct signal in the surveillance channel are vital for passive radar systems. In systems using digital waveforms, however, target detection is already possible without such suppression algorithms and hence they have so far gotten less attention. We show that a major cause of direct signal interference in OFDM-based waveforms is a frequency offset between the transmitter and the receiver. We propose a simple and computationally efficient way of correcting this offset and demonstrate its effectiveness for both digital audio and video broadcasting (DAB and DVB-T) signals.
{"title":"Direct Signal Interference Mitigation By Slow-Time Frequency Correction For OFDM-Based Passive Radar","authors":"Christof Schüpbach, S. Welschen","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448150","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithms to suppress the direct signal in the surveillance channel are vital for passive radar systems. In systems using digital waveforms, however, target detection is already possible without such suppression algorithms and hence they have so far gotten less attention. We show that a major cause of direct signal interference in OFDM-based waveforms is a frequency offset between the transmitter and the receiver. We propose a simple and computationally efficient way of correcting this offset and demonstrate its effectiveness for both digital audio and video broadcasting (DAB and DVB-T) signals.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124255080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448132
M. Schöpe, H. Driessen, A. Yarovoy
In this paper, waveforms for MIMO phased array radar to enhance cross-range resolution are investigated. The problem of high sidelobes in range created by the use of Hybrid Codes with a single waveform and spatial coding is considered and a method to reduce these sidelobes by the use of Golay sequences as spatial codes is proposed. It is shown that the proposed method achieves the same range performance as a phased array radar with one waveform, despite creating additional sidelobes in Doppler.
{"title":"Using Golay Sequences to Improve the Range Performance of Hybrid Codes for MIMO Radar","authors":"M. Schöpe, H. Driessen, A. Yarovoy","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448132","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, waveforms for MIMO phased array radar to enhance cross-range resolution are investigated. The problem of high sidelobes in range created by the use of Hybrid Codes with a single waveform and spatial coding is considered and a method to reduce these sidelobes by the use of Golay sequences as spatial codes is proposed. It is shown that the proposed method achieves the same range performance as a phased array radar with one waveform, despite creating additional sidelobes in Doppler.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123797545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448262
Markus Bantle, Pierre Bayerl, Stefan Funken, Michael N. Thoma
In this work we investigate the use of OpenCL to implement radar signal processing algorithms on integrated graphic chips of Intel processors. Hereby a typical radar signal processing chain consisting of pulse compression, Doppler filtering, CFAR detection, and plot extraction is considered. The full processing chain is implemented and optimized with OpenCL and benchmarked extensively. Our results show that in general GPUs are well suited for radar signal processing. The usage of integrated graphics chips has the potential to add significant processing power of the magnitude of a typical CPU. With a middle class dedicated GPU we could achieve a significant speed-up of all signal processing algorithms as compared to CPUs or integrated graphics chips.
{"title":"Radar Signal Processing with OpenCL on Integrated Graphic Processors","authors":"Markus Bantle, Pierre Bayerl, Stefan Funken, Michael N. Thoma","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448262","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we investigate the use of OpenCL to implement radar signal processing algorithms on integrated graphic chips of Intel processors. Hereby a typical radar signal processing chain consisting of pulse compression, Doppler filtering, CFAR detection, and plot extraction is considered. The full processing chain is implemented and optimized with OpenCL and benchmarked extensively. Our results show that in general GPUs are well suited for radar signal processing. The usage of integrated graphics chips has the potential to add significant processing power of the magnitude of a typical CPU. With a middle class dedicated GPU we could achieve a significant speed-up of all signal processing algorithms as compared to CPUs or integrated graphics chips.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131444092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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