Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448272
S. Ghio, M. Martorella
The amount of space debris orbiting the Earth has seen a dramatic grow through the recent years. Its rising population increases the potential danger to space missions. At present time, it is urgent to gain as much information as possible in order to characterize this environment. The classification in term of size and angular speed plays an important role in the process of assessing space debris threat and improving the overall knowledge of the objects that occupy the space around the Earth. This paper proposes an innovative technique for Resident Space Objects (RSOs) feature estimation by using multi-bistatic radar.
{"title":"Multi-Bistatic Radar for Resident Space Objects Feature Estimation","authors":"S. Ghio, M. Martorella","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448272","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of space debris orbiting the Earth has seen a dramatic grow through the recent years. Its rising population increases the potential danger to space missions. At present time, it is urgent to gain as much information as possible in order to characterize this environment. The classification in term of size and angular speed plays an important role in the process of assessing space debris threat and improving the overall knowledge of the objects that occupy the space around the Earth. This paper proposes an innovative technique for Resident Space Objects (RSOs) feature estimation by using multi-bistatic radar.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116549963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448247
S. Kueppers, Siying Wang, H. Cetinkaya, R. Herschel, N. Pohl
In this paper the influence of antenna radiation pattern on the imaging performance of a highly integrated Millimeter Wave Radar is presented. For evaluation of the MIMO imaging performance the implemented antenna array topology is shown and using an analytical antenna model the simulated point spread function is given for different antenna half-power beamwidths. Simulated and measured characterization of a circularly polarized cavity backed patch antenna on a Rogers® RT/duroid 5880 substrate implemented in a compact radar system is presented. The experimental evaluation of the imaging performance is carried out by comparing simulation and measurement of a scenario with multiple point-like scatterer using the realized antenna element.
{"title":"Imaging Characteristics of a Highly Integrated MillimeterWave MIMO Radar","authors":"S. Kueppers, Siying Wang, H. Cetinkaya, R. Herschel, N. Pohl","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448247","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the influence of antenna radiation pattern on the imaging performance of a highly integrated Millimeter Wave Radar is presented. For evaluation of the MIMO imaging performance the implemented antenna array topology is shown and using an analytical antenna model the simulated point spread function is given for different antenna half-power beamwidths. Simulated and measured characterization of a circularly polarized cavity backed patch antenna on a Rogers® RT/duroid 5880 substrate implemented in a compact radar system is presented. The experimental evaluation of the imaging performance is carried out by comparing simulation and measurement of a scenario with multiple point-like scatterer using the realized antenna element.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115117204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448073
J. Rowlatt, S. Hristov, L. Daniel, M. Gashinova, A. Stove, M. Cherniakov
The applicability of Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) is assessed for the use in a passive bistatic system using a spaceborne transmitter in the Inmarsat constellation (Alphasat) as the illuminator of opportunity, for potential application in low cost maritime early warning systems in vessels. The effect of sharpening for both stationary and moving targets is discussed in theory, with models to show the effects for stationary targets that predicted a large improvement in angular resolution through the use of DBS. Experimental results show the effect in action, with three distinguishable targets found within 10 degrees using an antenna with a full beamwidth of 30 degrees, for a receiver moving at a mean of 11.6m/s over a coherent integration time of 1s, a carrier wave wavelength of 0.193m, a target range of 2.5-3km, and target look angle of 20-30 degrees. The results from the experiment are shown to agree with a simulation of a similar system, and a visual demonstration of the results overlaid on a satellite map is also displayed.
{"title":"Doppler Beam Sharpening in Passive Bistatic Radar with Spaceborne Illuminators of opportunity","authors":"J. Rowlatt, S. Hristov, L. Daniel, M. Gashinova, A. Stove, M. Cherniakov","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448073","url":null,"abstract":"The applicability of Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) is assessed for the use in a passive bistatic system using a spaceborne transmitter in the Inmarsat constellation (Alphasat) as the illuminator of opportunity, for potential application in low cost maritime early warning systems in vessels. The effect of sharpening for both stationary and moving targets is discussed in theory, with models to show the effects for stationary targets that predicted a large improvement in angular resolution through the use of DBS. Experimental results show the effect in action, with three distinguishable targets found within 10 degrees using an antenna with a full beamwidth of 30 degrees, for a receiver moving at a mean of 11.6m/s over a coherent integration time of 1s, a carrier wave wavelength of 0.193m, a target range of 2.5-3km, and target look angle of 20-30 degrees. The results from the experiment are shown to agree with a simulation of a similar system, and a visual demonstration of the results overlaid on a satellite map is also displayed.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115260898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8447981
Lorenz Dirksmeyer, A. Diewald, Simon Müller
In this paper a radar system with data acquisition and a standard processing method for digital beamforming is presented which has been developed for lab courses in RF technology at the university. Students are introduced into the topics radar RF technology, data acquisition and signal processing by monitoring cars in a parking lot. The whole radar system itself is not closed hence all antennas and connections are identifiable. The radar is connected via a National Instruments DAQ System to a PC. By means of the numerical software MATLAB the students develop the control and data processing software by themselves. Final results can be observed in a vivid graphical output. The used radar RF system is a prototype designed and assembled by the university group. The radar operates as a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in the 24 GHz ISM band.
{"title":"Eight Channel Digital Beamforming Radar for Academic Lab Courses and Research","authors":"Lorenz Dirksmeyer, A. Diewald, Simon Müller","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8447981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8447981","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a radar system with data acquisition and a standard processing method for digital beamforming is presented which has been developed for lab courses in RF technology at the university. Students are introduced into the topics radar RF technology, data acquisition and signal processing by monitoring cars in a parking lot. The whole radar system itself is not closed hence all antennas and connections are identifiable. The radar is connected via a National Instruments DAQ System to a PC. By means of the numerical software MATLAB the students develop the control and data processing software by themselves. Final results can be observed in a vivid graphical output. The used radar RF system is a prototype designed and assembled by the university group. The radar operates as a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in the 24 GHz ISM band.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124746491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the problem of locating a target using multistatic passive radar system with multiple transmitters and multiple receivers. The bistatic range (BR), which corresponds to the sum of transmitter-to-target and target-to-receiver distances is used as the measurement. A constrained total least-squares (CTLS) solution for target position estimation is proposed. Firstly, linearize the BR measurement equations. Considering the errors in the both sides of location equations, the localization problem is established as a CTLS model. Then Newton ’s method is applied to solve the CTLS model. The performance of the proposed solution is verified with Monte-Carlo simulations.
{"title":"Constrained Total Least Squares Localization Algorithm for Multistatic Passive Radar Using Bistatic Range Measurements","authors":"Yongsheng Zhao, Yongjun Zhao, Danhui Sun, Chuang Zhao","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8447925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8447925","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the problem of locating a target using multistatic passive radar system with multiple transmitters and multiple receivers. The bistatic range (BR), which corresponds to the sum of transmitter-to-target and target-to-receiver distances is used as the measurement. A constrained total least-squares (CTLS) solution for target position estimation is proposed. Firstly, linearize the BR measurement equations. Considering the errors in the both sides of location equations, the localization problem is established as a CTLS model. Then Newton ’s method is applied to solve the CTLS model. The performance of the proposed solution is verified with Monte-Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"245 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123112050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two-step weighted least squares (2WLS) is a classic method for time difference of arrival (TDOA) based source localization problem because of its computational efficiency. However, 2WLS method suffers from the sign ambiguity resulting from square root operation in the second WLS step. Although the sign of final solution can be roughly determined according to the estimate in the first WLS step, the localization accuracy will be degraded, since the position estimate in the first WLS step is not accurate enough. In this paper, an improved 2WLS method is proposed to circumvent this problem. The main strategy is to make proper transformation of the constraint relation, and keep only the linear items at the left side of the equation in the second WLS step. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the classic 2WLS algorithm, especially when the source is close to the reference receiver.
{"title":"Improved Two-Step Weighted Least Squares Algorithm for TDOA-Based Source Localization","authors":"Jinyang Chen, Yongsheng Zhao, Chuang Zhao, Yongjun Zhao","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448149","url":null,"abstract":"The two-step weighted least squares (2WLS) is a classic method for time difference of arrival (TDOA) based source localization problem because of its computational efficiency. However, 2WLS method suffers from the sign ambiguity resulting from square root operation in the second WLS step. Although the sign of final solution can be roughly determined according to the estimate in the first WLS step, the localization accuracy will be degraded, since the position estimate in the first WLS step is not accurate enough. In this paper, an improved 2WLS method is proposed to circumvent this problem. The main strategy is to make proper transformation of the constraint relation, and keep only the linear items at the left side of the equation in the second WLS step. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the classic 2WLS algorithm, especially when the source is close to the reference receiver.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8447953
Faran Awais Butt, M. A. Aslam, Muhammad Tayyab Zafar, I. Naqvi, U. Riaz
Multi-static and MIMO radars have opened up new horizons of research as they offer diversified degrees of freedom and arbitrary geometrical patterns. The biggest hurdle that such a system can face at implementation level is the synchronization of this distributed system. Use of GPS atomic clock, although quite accurate, is considered to be an expensive option for low cost distributed radar solutions. In this paper, we propose a simple, cost effective yet accurate scheme for synchronizing a long-range, low to medium PRF bi-static radar system using GSM technology. The concept can easily be extended to multi-static radar networks. The proposed system achieves a temporal resolution of tens of micro seconds and thus can be used in a large number of radar applications.
{"title":"Synchronization of Long-Range, Widely-Separated MIMO Radar Network using GSM Protocol","authors":"Faran Awais Butt, M. A. Aslam, Muhammad Tayyab Zafar, I. Naqvi, U. Riaz","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8447953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8447953","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-static and MIMO radars have opened up new horizons of research as they offer diversified degrees of freedom and arbitrary geometrical patterns. The biggest hurdle that such a system can face at implementation level is the synchronization of this distributed system. Use of GPS atomic clock, although quite accurate, is considered to be an expensive option for low cost distributed radar solutions. In this paper, we propose a simple, cost effective yet accurate scheme for synchronizing a long-range, low to medium PRF bi-static radar system using GSM technology. The concept can easily be extended to multi-static radar networks. The proposed system achieves a temporal resolution of tens of micro seconds and thus can be used in a large number of radar applications.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126117044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448147
M. Dostovalov, R. Ermakov, T. Moussiniants
The work demonstrates the possibility of aircraft detection using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar image series with 10 m resolution using change detection method. Sentinel-1 data can be used for detection of large aircraft as additional “indicators”, effective in combination with high resolution observations. The results of processing are demonstrated using a series of 15 SAR images acquired within the period from January to November 2017. Presented examples show that the results of aircraft detection in many cases clearly correspond to the number of targets that can be detected in the images manually. The probability of correct detection, estimated in real observation conditions for the most of images exceeded 0,8 and the final probability for all series was 0,76.
{"title":"Detection of Aircraft Using Sentinel-1 SAR Image Series","authors":"M. Dostovalov, R. Ermakov, T. Moussiniants","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448147","url":null,"abstract":"The work demonstrates the possibility of aircraft detection using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar image series with 10 m resolution using change detection method. Sentinel-1 data can be used for detection of large aircraft as additional “indicators”, effective in combination with high resolution observations. The results of processing are demonstrated using a series of 15 SAR images acquired within the period from January to November 2017. Presented examples show that the results of aircraft detection in many cases clearly correspond to the number of targets that can be detected in the images manually. The probability of correct detection, estimated in real observation conditions for the most of images exceeded 0,8 and the final probability for all series was 0,76.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126133687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8447918
Y. Averyanova, A. Rudiakova, I. Braun, F. Yanovsky
This paper considers potentials of radar polarimetry to register information about the drop vibration and drop shape deformation in the reflected signal and possibility to register this impact by selection of polarization of receiving antenna. In this paper, the calculation of the relation between the average signal value and the vibrations magnitude in decibels was made to demonstrate the possibility to fix the reflected electromagnetic wave energy variation caused by wind and wind related phenomena
{"title":"Simulations of Multi Polarization Measurements and Reflected Signal Magnitude Variations Caused by Turbulence","authors":"Y. Averyanova, A. Rudiakova, I. Braun, F. Yanovsky","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8447918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8447918","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers potentials of radar polarimetry to register information about the drop vibration and drop shape deformation in the reflected signal and possibility to register this impact by selection of polarization of receiving antenna. In this paper, the calculation of the relation between the average signal value and the vibrations magnitude in decibels was made to demonstrate the possibility to fix the reflected electromagnetic wave energy variation caused by wind and wind related phenomena","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.23919/IRS.2018.8448056
H. Kabakchiev, V. Behar, I. Garvanov, D. Kabakchieva, A. Kabakchiev, H. Rohling, M. Bentum, J. Fernandes
In this paper, one possible algorithm for target detection and velocity estimation in a pulsar FSR system is proposed. In this processing algorithm, two approaches for extraction of the target signal from the input mixture “direct pulsar signal + reradiated target signal” are studied and compared. The signal processing algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation.
{"title":"Separation Of Pulsar Signals In FSR System","authors":"H. Kabakchiev, V. Behar, I. Garvanov, D. Kabakchieva, A. Kabakchiev, H. Rohling, M. Bentum, J. Fernandes","doi":"10.23919/IRS.2018.8448056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IRS.2018.8448056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, one possible algorithm for target detection and velocity estimation in a pulsar FSR system is proposed. In this processing algorithm, two approaches for extraction of the target signal from the input mixture “direct pulsar signal + reradiated target signal” are studied and compared. The signal processing algorithm is evaluated by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":436201,"journal":{"name":"2018 19th International Radar Symposium (IRS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129639233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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