Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341627
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"30 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341629
Purbayakti Kusum Wijayanto, Luqman Hakim, S. Zauhar, Abdullah Said
Community involvement in determining the direction of autonomous region development is still rare. Regional autonomy, conceptualized as the local government’s freedom to take care of domestic affairs, is the best way to implement a decentralized governmental approach. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing regional autonomy in the development of Batu City tourism using a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The research locations are Batu City and Batu City’s local government office. Batu City was chosen because it has a history of tourism development in a relatively short period of time. The study found that the state still manages Batu City’s tourism development policy and development, so the tourism has not referred to the local tourism development master plan. The study aims to know the effectiveness of participatory policy approaches in developing Batu City tourism as an autonomous region.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of the “Top-Down, Bottom-Up” Approach for Understanding the Implementation of Regional Autonomy in Batu City Tourism Development","authors":"Purbayakti Kusum Wijayanto, Luqman Hakim, S. Zauhar, Abdullah Said","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341629","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Community involvement in determining the direction of autonomous region development is still rare. Regional autonomy, conceptualized as the local government’s freedom to take care of domestic affairs, is the best way to implement a decentralized governmental approach. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementing regional autonomy in the development of Batu City tourism using a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The research locations are Batu City and Batu City’s local government office. Batu City was chosen because it has a history of tourism development in a relatively short period of time. The study found that the state still manages Batu City’s tourism development policy and development, so the tourism has not referred to the local tourism development master plan. The study aims to know the effectiveness of participatory policy approaches in developing Batu City tourism as an autonomous region.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85126944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341633
K. Sarkar
{"title":"The Routledge International Handbook of Financialization, edited by Philip Mader, Daniel Mertens and Natascha van der Zwan","authors":"K. Sarkar","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82791892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341624
Peterson K. Ozili
Financial inclusion has been a global development policy priority over the last two decades. Financial inclusion involves providing access to basic financial services and the use of basic financial services to improve the welfare of individuals, households, and businesses. This article identifies the fault lines or vulnerabilities in the way financial inclusion is achieved. These fault lines or vulnerabilities arise from the overreliance on profit-oriented financial institutions to achieve financial inclusion, the multiple self-interest in the financial inclusion agenda, the unsustainability of policyinduced demand for basic financial services, the lack of safety net to protect poor banked adults from systemic risk events, and the prevalence of financial inclusionwashing that allow agents to misrepresent their support for financial inclusion. The article argued that the world needs to pay serious attention to these fault lines and seek solutions that promote financial inclusion in a sustainable way. The ideas in this article can help policymakers, academics, practitioners, and researchers in assessing the fault lines created by financial inclusion policies and strategies as this is the first step to finding solutions to address the fault lines.
{"title":"Fault Lines in Financial Inclusion","authors":"Peterson K. Ozili","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341624","url":null,"abstract":"Financial inclusion has been a global development policy priority over the last two decades. Financial inclusion involves providing access to basic financial services and the use of basic financial services to improve the welfare of individuals, households, and businesses. This article identifies the fault lines or vulnerabilities in the way financial inclusion is achieved. These fault lines or vulnerabilities arise from the overreliance on profit-oriented financial institutions to achieve financial inclusion, the multiple self-interest in the financial inclusion agenda, the unsustainability of policyinduced demand for basic financial services, the lack of safety net to protect poor banked adults from systemic risk events, and the prevalence of financial inclusionwashing that allow agents to misrepresent their support for financial inclusion. The article argued that the world needs to pay serious attention to these fault lines and seek solutions that promote financial inclusion in a sustainable way. The ideas in this article can help policymakers, academics, practitioners, and researchers in assessing the fault lines created by financial inclusion policies and strategies as this is the first step to finding solutions to address the fault lines.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341622
Mridusmita Duara, Sambit Mallick
The state of Assam alone produces nearly 53 percent of the total tea production in India. Around one million workers are engaged in the tea industry in India. Tea – as a commercial product first cultivated and expanded by the British – is an outcome of the toil and struggle of the Adivasi workers or indigenous people of central and east India who were made to migrate to Assam under extremely brutal conditions, and they form one of the most oppressed communities in the state. This section of the population has been waging struggles to protect its rights in the state. Tea production is a labor-intensive enterprise in which trade unions should ideally play an assertive role at every stage. However, trade unions in the tea estates are gradually being questioned on their functionality in shaping industrial relations and upholding the rights of the workers. The key respondents, comprising plantation workers, trade union members, owners of the tea estates, and management staff, belong to the major tea producing districts of Assam: Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Golaghat, Sonitpur, and also the lesser producing district, Kamrup. The present study ascertains the role of trade unions in dealing with the key issues faced by plantation workers, such as non-inclusion of women workers and casual workers and its failure to play an effective role in the negotiation or collective bargaining process with management and the state. It is observed that the trade unions function under the principles of the political parties and acquisition of political power is their sole motto.
{"title":"Non-Inclusive Trade Unionism in the Tea Estates in Assam","authors":"Mridusmita Duara, Sambit Mallick","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341622","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The state of Assam alone produces nearly 53 percent of the total tea production in India. Around one million workers are engaged in the tea industry in India. Tea – as a commercial product first cultivated and expanded by the British – is an outcome of the toil and struggle of the Adivasi workers or indigenous people of central and east India who were made to migrate to Assam under extremely brutal conditions, and they form one of the most oppressed communities in the state. This section of the population has been waging struggles to protect its rights in the state. Tea production is a labor-intensive enterprise in which trade unions should ideally play an assertive role at every stage. However, trade unions in the tea estates are gradually being questioned on their functionality in shaping industrial relations and upholding the rights of the workers. The key respondents, comprising plantation workers, trade union members, owners of the tea estates, and management staff, belong to the major tea producing districts of Assam: Dibrugarh, Sibsagar, Jorhat, Golaghat, Sonitpur, and also the lesser producing district, Kamrup. The present study ascertains the role of trade unions in dealing with the key issues faced by plantation workers, such as non-inclusion of women workers and casual workers and its failure to play an effective role in the negotiation or collective bargaining process with management and the state. It is observed that the trade unions function under the principles of the political parties and acquisition of political power is their sole motto.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76787685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341625
Eunsun Jeong, J. S. Mah
This article discusses the role of the government in the development of the rechargeable battery, particularly the lithium-ion battery, industry in Korea. The Korean government aimed to promote the small-sized rechargeable batteries in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It began to emphasize support of the middle- to large-sized lithium-ion batteries in the early 2010s. The policy measures have comprised enhancing infrastructure such as human capital and establishment of a rechargeable battery testing center, increasing R&D expenditure, and promoting the electric vehicle (EV) industry through tax and financial incentives, public procurement, and increasing the number of EV charging facilities. Korea has become one of the leading lithium-ion battery producers in the world. The three large Korean companies, i.e. LG Chem, Samsung SDI, and SK Innovation, have come to share more than one-third of the global production of lithium-ion batteries in 2020. Korea’s experience provides policy implications to other countries intending to develop technology-intensive industries. It would be needed for the WTO system to modify the provisions in the sense of providing policy space for development of technology-intensive industries of developing countries.
{"title":"The Role of the Government in the Development of the Rechargeable Battery Industry in Korea","authors":"Eunsun Jeong, J. S. Mah","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341625","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article discusses the role of the government in the development of the rechargeable battery, particularly the lithium-ion battery, industry in Korea. The Korean government aimed to promote the small-sized rechargeable batteries in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It began to emphasize support of the middle- to large-sized lithium-ion batteries in the early 2010s. The policy measures have comprised enhancing infrastructure such as human capital and establishment of a rechargeable battery testing center, increasing R&D expenditure, and promoting the electric vehicle (EV) industry through tax and financial incentives, public procurement, and increasing the number of EV charging facilities. Korea has become one of the leading lithium-ion battery producers in the world. The three large Korean companies, i.e. LG Chem, Samsung SDI, and SK Innovation, have come to share more than one-third of the global production of lithium-ion batteries in 2020. Korea’s experience provides policy implications to other countries intending to develop technology-intensive industries. It would be needed for the WTO system to modify the provisions in the sense of providing policy space for development of technology-intensive industries of developing countries.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83879070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341626
Ryan L. Skiver
In 2020 COVID-19 caused global disruptions in the supply chain that are still showing ripple effects in mid-2022. Pandemics are not the only form of crisis that causes supply chain disruptions. With increasing instances of natural disasters, organizational misconduct, economic instability, and political unrest, crisis management has become a growing issue within businesses and the supply chain field. This article examines the previous literature on crisis management by identifying the types of crises that will affect a focal firm’s suppliers in the chain, and how those types of crises will affect the supply chain. We continue by adding response measures through creating modular design and modular innovation capability, which will not prevent the crisis but will drastically decrease supply disruption and thus decrease response time for the focal firm. Lastly, a model is created for future empirical research based off of the previous literature that shows how modular design and modular innovation capability can alleviate the damage of crises in the supply chain through greater agility, flexibility, and adaptability.
{"title":"Improved Supply Chain Crisis Response: A Study of Modular Design","authors":"Ryan L. Skiver","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341626","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In 2020 COVID-19 caused global disruptions in the supply chain that are still showing ripple effects in mid-2022. Pandemics are not the only form of crisis that causes supply chain disruptions. With increasing instances of natural disasters, organizational misconduct, economic instability, and political unrest, crisis management has become a growing issue within businesses and the supply chain field. This article examines the previous literature on crisis management by identifying the types of crises that will affect a focal firm’s suppliers in the chain, and how those types of crises will affect the supply chain. We continue by adding response measures through creating modular design and modular innovation capability, which will not prevent the crisis but will drastically decrease supply disruption and thus decrease response time for the focal firm. Lastly, a model is created for future empirical research based off of the previous literature that shows how modular design and modular innovation capability can alleviate the damage of crises in the supply chain through greater agility, flexibility, and adaptability.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"2007 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82494941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341623
L. Zaibet, Mazin Al Siyabi, H. Boughanmi, Ibtisam Al Abri, Shaikha Al Akhzami
Developing oil-dependent countries, like Oman, have growing potentials to broaden their export base aside from the hydrocarbon sector, thus enhancing economic growth. The article aims to identify factors to enhance Oman non-oil exports to the COMESA countries with a focus on innovations and trade facilitation. At the macro level, the article uses country trade data to explore the determinants of trade. At the firm level, the focus is on firm export behavior and innovation. Results show the key role of trade facilitation and firm-level innovations in particular at the commodity level. Innovation is significant and positive for commodities like vegetables, plastic, hides, stone, glass, and machinery. Government’s policies to boost exports and enhance economic growth should be geared to reducing market risks facing exporting firms as well as rewarding innovative companies through better innovation-targeted policies.
{"title":"Doing Business in the COMESA Region: The Role of Innovation and Trade Facilitation","authors":"L. Zaibet, Mazin Al Siyabi, H. Boughanmi, Ibtisam Al Abri, Shaikha Al Akhzami","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341623","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Developing oil-dependent countries, like Oman, have growing potentials to broaden their export base aside from the hydrocarbon sector, thus enhancing economic growth. The article aims to identify factors to enhance Oman non-oil exports to the COMESA countries with a focus on innovations and trade facilitation. At the macro level, the article uses country trade data to explore the determinants of trade. At the firm level, the focus is on firm export behavior and innovation. Results show the key role of trade facilitation and firm-level innovations in particular at the commodity level. Innovation is significant and positive for commodities like vegetables, plastic, hides, stone, glass, and machinery. Government’s policies to boost exports and enhance economic growth should be geared to reducing market risks facing exporting firms as well as rewarding innovative companies through better innovation-targeted policies.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77943909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341621
L. Le, Giang-Huong Duong, S. Nguyen
The adoption of mobile wallets can help to advance financial inclusion and human development in emerging countries. Current literature on mobile wallet (m-wallet) adoption focuses on technological and behavioral aspects, but neglects the financial aspect, which highly influences the decision-making of low-income people. This study identified the impacts of all three aspects on m-wallet adoption behavior by including behavioral technology acceptance factors and financial-related factors into a research framework derived from rational choice theory. Drawing data from 214 respondents across four emerging countries, the findings reveal the positive effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and network externalities on m-wallet adopting intention. Regarding financial factors, while perceived risk negatively affects adopting intention, the effect of price value on adopting intention is not confirmed. Finally, financial literacy is found to have both positively direct and moderating effects on the relationship of perceived risk and users’ adopting intention.
{"title":"M-Wallet Adoption in Emerging Markets: A Combination of Technological, Behavioral and Financial Aspects in a Rational Choice Model","authors":"L. Le, Giang-Huong Duong, S. Nguyen","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341621","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The adoption of mobile wallets can help to advance financial inclusion and human development in emerging countries. Current literature on mobile wallet (m-wallet) adoption focuses on technological and behavioral aspects, but neglects the financial aspect, which highly influences the decision-making of low-income people. This study identified the impacts of all three aspects on m-wallet adoption behavior by including behavioral technology acceptance factors and financial-related factors into a research framework derived from rational choice theory. Drawing data from 214 respondents across four emerging countries, the findings reveal the positive effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and network externalities on m-wallet adopting intention. Regarding financial factors, while perceived risk negatively affects adopting intention, the effect of price value on adopting intention is not confirmed. Finally, financial literacy is found to have both positively direct and moderating effects on the relationship of perceived risk and users’ adopting intention.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72896349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341614
S. Negatu, Elizabeth Holzer, E. Atsbeha, K. Kirksey
Global technology transfers reshape agriculture with profound influences on everyday life. Substantial research has documented broader constraints that influence technology transfer among farmers, yet existing theories give us a narrow view into how wider dynamics manifest in everyday life. Using tractor farming in Ethiopia as a case study with ethnographic and historical data, we contribute an account of the everyday social and ecological interactions that shape agricultural technology transfer as well as the wider historical context in which these practices play out. Historically, we find an uneven transition that faltered repeatedly over 50 years. Ethnographically, we identify three types of interplays between actors and the local ecology that shaped the ways that faltering technology transfer actually plays out on the ground: (1) socio-ecological frictions; (2) communicative frictions; and (3) status-based frictions. This study contributes a humanistic account of how farmers and local technology providers experience technology transfers.
{"title":"Technology Transfer and Everyday Life among Smallholder Farmers: Notes on the Small Inconveniences that Slow the Transition to Industrial Agriculture in Ethiopia","authors":"S. Negatu, Elizabeth Holzer, E. Atsbeha, K. Kirksey","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341614","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Global technology transfers reshape agriculture with profound influences on everyday life. Substantial research has documented broader constraints that influence technology transfer among farmers, yet existing theories give us a narrow view into how wider dynamics manifest in everyday life. Using tractor farming in Ethiopia as a case study with ethnographic and historical data, we contribute an account of the everyday social and ecological interactions that shape agricultural technology transfer as well as the wider historical context in which these practices play out. Historically, we find an uneven transition that faltered repeatedly over 50 years. Ethnographically, we identify three types of interplays between actors and the local ecology that shaped the ways that faltering technology transfer actually plays out on the ground: (1) socio-ecological frictions; (2) communicative frictions; and (3) status-based frictions. This study contributes a humanistic account of how farmers and local technology providers experience technology transfers.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79207853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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