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Farmers against Fascism: How India’s Farmers’ Protests Cultivated Alternatives to Neoliberal Hindu Nationalist Dystopia 农民反对法西斯主义:印度农民的抗议如何培养新自由主义印度教民族主义反乌托邦的替代品
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341609
Sarang Narasimhaiah
In this article I analyze the mass mobilizations mounted by Indian farmers against three pro-corporate agricultural bills passed by the far-right government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. I argue that the discourse of civil protest is insufficient to understand these mobilizations. On the contrary, they embody the principles of mutual aid, direct action, and intersectional and international solidarity, pointing to the possibility of collective life beyond the limits imposed by neoliberal Hindu nationalism. At the same time the emancipatory possibilities offered by these practices are qualified by persistent social divisions and the hegemony of nonviolence, alongside pressing circumstantial factors.
在这篇文章中,我分析了印度农民发起的大规模动员,反对总理纳伦德拉·莫迪(Narendra Modi)领导的极右翼政府通过的三项亲企业农业法案。我认为,民间抗议的话语不足以理解这些动员。相反,它们体现了互助、直接行动、交叉和国际团结的原则,指出了超越新自由主义印度民族主义强加的限制的集体生活的可能性。与此同时,这些实践提供的解放可能性受到持续的社会分裂和非暴力霸权以及紧迫的环境因素的限制。
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引用次数: 1
Education, Health Care, and Poverty in Cuba 古巴的教育、卫生保健和贫困问题
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341611
Isaias Rivera
Cuba’s economic integration into European socialist countries, led by the Soviet Union, offered the possibility of Cubans studying in these countries. A large number of professionals were trained in different fields. This at the same time created better opportunities and higher quality for the national education system at all levels due to academic mobility at all levels. To think about the term ‘revolution’ in Cuba, one must believe in a movement of ideas that promote progress. However, most of us in the Western world come to believe that progress has an equivalency of economic gain.
古巴经济融入以苏联为首的欧洲社会主义国家,为古巴人在这些国家学习提供了可能。培养了大批不同领域的专业人才。同时,由于各级学术的流动性,这为各级国家教育系统创造了更好的机会和更高的质量。要想到古巴的“革命”一词,人们必须相信一场促进进步的思想运动。然而,我们西方世界的大多数人开始相信,进步与经济收益是等价物。
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引用次数: 0
FM Stations’ Role in Rural Development: The Case of Northern Ghana 调频电台在农村发展中的作用:以加纳北部为例
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341599
Mu-azu Iddirisu Andani, Osman Antwi‐Boateng
Over the past two decades, Ghana’s media landscape has undergone radical transformation, leading to the emergence of hundreds of frequency modulation (FM) stations across the country. These stations have become the country’s most powerful mediums of communication, carrying an array of programs aimed at diverse audiences. With northern Ghana as a case study, this research examines FM stations’ role in rural development, their mode of impact, and their attendant challenges. This is achieved via qualitative methodology; that is, in-depth interviews with station managers and local development stakeholders, supplemented by programming content analysis of ten FM stations. Findings indicate that FM stations in northern Ghana, irrespective of their classification, aid rural development by serving as an endogenous conduit for the transfer of information that promotes community development and empowerment. This is achieved through programming in local dialects, local musical and cultural programs, expert presentations, interactive phone-in sessions, and news presentations. Challenges include the lack of employee professionalism, financial constraints, poor audience research, technical challenges, excessively partisan political coverage, and lack of original programming.
在过去的二十年里,加纳的媒体格局发生了根本性的变化,导致全国各地出现了数百个调频(FM)电台。这些电台已经成为这个国家最强大的传播媒介,播出一系列针对不同受众的节目。本研究以加纳北部为例,考察调频电台在农村发展中的作用、影响模式及其随之而来的挑战。这是通过定性方法实现的;即对电台经理和当地发展利益相关者进行深度访谈,并辅以对十个调频电台的节目内容分析。调查结果表明,加纳北部的调频电台,无论其分类如何,都通过作为促进社区发展和赋权的信息转移的内生渠道,帮助农村发展。这是通过当地方言节目、当地音乐和文化节目、专家报告、互动电话会议和新闻报道来实现的。挑战包括缺乏员工专业精神、财政限制、缺乏受众调查、技术挑战、过度的党派政治报道以及缺乏原创节目。
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引用次数: 1
Decolonization of Higher Education in South Africa 南非高等教育的非殖民化
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341601
A. Abdullahi
Western education still dominates the education terrain across Africa. For some people, the dominance is nothing but ‘academic imperialism,’ which is believed to have relegated African scholars to mere conduits of knowledge through which European and American scholarship and interests are protected and promoted. Consequently, a dissident voice is resonating in the African educational system, particularly South African education system, demanding the recognition of ‘home-grown’ knowledge to solve home-grown problems. This article engages the debate about decolonization of higher education in South Africa and asks the fundamental question of whether or not it is possible to achieve a fully decolonized curriculum in a society that is already cloaked and engulfed by capitalism and Western ideologies.
西方教育仍然主导着整个非洲的教育领域。对一些人来说,这种主导地位只不过是“学术帝国主义”,他们认为这种统治使非洲学者沦为知识的渠道,而欧洲和美国的学术和利益正是通过这种渠道得到保护和促进的。因此,一种不同的声音在非洲的教育系统中回响,特别是南非的教育系统,要求承认“本土”知识来解决本土问题。本文讨论了南非高等教育的非殖民化问题,并提出了一个基本问题,即在一个已经被资本主义和西方意识形态所掩盖和吞没的社会中,是否有可能实现完全非殖民化的课程。
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引用次数: 0
Movers, Motives, and Impact of Illegal Small-Scale Mining: A Case Study in Ghana 非法小规模采矿的推动者、动机和影响:以加纳为例
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341602
Osman Antwi-Boateng, Mamudu Akudugu

This research unravels the agents and driving motivation behind the rise of illegal small-scale mining in Ghana and its impact. This is accomplished via a qualitative study using illegal small-scale mining in the Talensi and Nabdam districts of Ghana as a case study. At the forefront of this phenomenon are rent-seeking elites, whereas structural factors such as rising unemployment and high population growth, as well as opportunistic factors including low barriers to entry, get-rich quick syndrome, and political corruption/weak institutions are fueling it as well. Although there are some economic benefits of illegal small-scale mining, these benefits are undermined by factors associated with the Resource Curse Hypothesis (RCH) or the ‘Paradox of Plenty.’ We argue that most illegal small-scale mining communities are characterized by increased rent-seeking activities by diverse stakeholders particularly the elites, poor investments in human capital development, and weak institutional structures and processes. To sustainably address the illegal small-scale gold mining menace in Ghana, all efforts should be aimed at holistically dealing with the rent-seekers, especially the elites involved, eliminating their motives and removing the conditions that facilitate their involvement.

本研究揭示了加纳非法小规模采矿兴起背后的动因和驱动动机及其影响。这是通过一项定性研究来完成的,该研究以加纳Talensi和Nabdam地区的非法小规模采矿为个案研究。这一现象的前沿是寻租精英,而失业率上升和人口高增长等结构性因素,以及低准入门槛、快速致富综合症、政治腐败/制度薄弱等机会主义因素也助长了这一现象。尽管非法小规模采矿有一些经济效益,但这些效益被与资源诅咒假说(RCH)或“充足悖论”相关的因素所削弱。“我们认为,大多数非法小规模采矿社区的特点是,不同利益相关者(尤其是精英)的寻租活动增加,人力资本开发投资不足,制度结构和流程薄弱。为了可持续地解决加纳非法小规模采金的威胁,所有努力的目的应是全面处理寻租者,特别是涉及的精英,消除他们的动机和消除促进他们参与的条件。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Visitor Perceptions towards Urban Park Design and Levels of Enclosure: A Case Study from the UAE 探索游客对城市公园设计和围合水平的看法:以阿联酋为例
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341603
Amna Gargoum, A. Gargoum
As cities transition towards urbanization and sustainability, designing attractive green spaces and urban parks is an important issue to planners and urban designers. One factor believed to have some impact on a park’s attractiveness is level of enclosure. Despite the importance of such a factor in identifying types of park visitors and frequency of visits, a limited amount of research has attempted to statistically model impacts of level enclosure on a park’s attractiveness. To address this gap, this article explores impacts of multiple physical characteristics, including levels of enclosure, on park attractiveness and user behavior. Activities in two parks in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied using field observations, photography, interviews, and statistical analysis. Field observations were utilized to model people’s attitude while using parks. Logistic regression was employed to the field observations to investigate associations between different factors and park attractiveness. Results indicated levels of enclosure had a direct influence on park users. Gender, age, and ethnicity were also found statistically significant determinates of park visitor attitudes and park choice. Traces of territorial behaviors and social conflicts were also observed.
随着城市向城市化和可持续发展过渡,设计有吸引力的绿地和城市公园是规划者和城市设计师面临的一个重要问题。一个被认为对公园吸引力有一定影响的因素是公园的封闭程度。尽管这种因素在确定公园游客的类型和访问频率方面很重要,但有限的研究试图通过统计模型来模拟水平围栏对公园吸引力的影响。为了解决这一差距,本文探讨了多种物理特征(包括圈地水平)对公园吸引力和用户行为的影响。通过实地观察、摄影、访谈和统计分析,研究了阿拉伯联合酋长国艾因(Al Ain)两个公园的活动。实地观察被用来模拟人们在使用公园时的态度。采用Logistic回归方法对不同因素对公园吸引力的影响进行了分析。结果表明,围合程度对公园使用者有直接影响。性别、年龄和种族也被发现对公园游客态度和公园选择有统计学意义的决定因素。领地行为和社会冲突的痕迹也被观察到。
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引用次数: 0
Diversification and Industrialization in the Economic Development of Turkmenistan 土库曼斯坦经济发展中的多样化和工业化
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341600
Ho-Jun Kwon, J. S. Mah
In the early stages of its transition, Turkmenistan pursued a gradualist path. Diversification, industrialization, and market-based reforms led to very rapid economic growth particularly since the late 2000s. This article investigates the role of Turkmenistan’s economic development policy in diversifying industries and promoting the manufacturing sector. The government has diversified the destinations for the natural gas exports. Although its agriculture had been characterized as cotton monoculture, the share of wheat has risen since the 1990s. The textile industry has led the manufacturing sector, and other industries are not well developed. The government has successfully attracted foreign direct investment. Turkmenistan’s trade policy has contributed to supplying machines for manufactured products, although it might have been harmful to the early-stage development of the manufacturing sector. Turkmenistan, which is not a member of the WTO, may actively utilize its policy space to promote technology-intensive industries and must strengthen its level of human capital.
在其过渡的早期阶段,土库曼斯坦走了一条渐进的道路。多样化、工业化和市场化改革带来了非常快速的经济增长,特别是自2000年代末以来。本文探讨了土库曼斯坦的经济发展政策在工业多样化和促进制造业方面的作用。政府已使天然气出口目的地多样化。尽管其农业一直以单一种植棉花为特征,但自20世纪90年代以来,小麦的比例有所上升。纺织业是制造业的龙头,其他工业不太发达。政府成功地吸引了外国直接投资。土库曼斯坦的贸易政策有助于为制成品提供机器,尽管它可能对制造业部门的早期发展有害。土库曼斯坦不是世贸组织的成员,它可以积极利用其政策空间来促进技术密集型工业,并必须加强其人力资本水平。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnic Organizations and Adaptation: A Case Study of Indian Immigrant Engineers in the US 族群组织与适应:以美国印度移民工程师为例
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341598
Meghna Sabharwal, R. Varma, Zeeshan Noor
The United States has witnessed waves of immigration throughout its history, with the current immigration policies regulated by the reforms enacted under President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. Immigrants now come from all over the world, with China and India supplying the largest numbers in science and engineering (S&E) fields. Although the US is seen as coping rather successfully with immigration from Europe, that is not the case with Asian immigration. Assimilation theorists have long argued that Asian immigrants face problems in adapting to the American culture and lifestyles; in contrast, multicultural theorists have hailed cultural diversity brought by Asian immigrants. Ethnic organizations can play an integral role in Asian immigrants’ adaptation and integration in the United States. Utilizing 40 in-depth interviews of Indian immigrant engineers working in the US technology companies, the present study examines if they belong to ethnic associations. If yes, why do they feel a need to belong to these associations? If no, why not? It further sheds light on their need to belong to such associations. The findings show that the need to belong to Indian associations varied with the stage of their lives, which can be depicted as a U-shaped curve.
美国在其历史上见证了移民浪潮,目前的移民政策是由林登·约翰逊总统于1965年颁布的改革规定的。移民现在来自世界各地,中国和印度在科学和工程(S&E)领域提供了最多的数量。尽管美国被视为相当成功地应对了来自欧洲的移民,但亚洲移民的情况并非如此。同化理论家长期以来一直认为,亚洲移民在适应美国文化和生活方式方面面临问题;相反,多元文化理论家则为亚洲移民带来的文化多样性而欢呼。在亚洲移民适应和融入美国的过程中,族群组织可以发挥不可或缺的作用。利用40位在美国科技公司工作的印度移民工程师的深度访谈,本研究考察了他们是否属于种族协会。如果是,为什么他们觉得有必要加入这些协会?如果没有,为什么?它进一步阐明了他们加入这种协会的必要性。研究结果表明,对印度社团的归属需求随着他们生活的阶段而变化,这可以被描绘成一个u形曲线。
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引用次数: 0
Semi-Systematic Review of the Perceived Cost of Mobile Payment in Sub-Saharan Africa 对撒哈拉以南非洲移动支付感知成本的半系统回顾
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341592
C. Coffie, Hongjiang Zhao
Financial technology offers convenience, security, and affordability. In sub-Saharan Africa, mobile money is the flagship offering hypothesized to promote financial inclusion. Nonetheless, the persistent complaints from end-users about the cost associated with mobile money usage in the sub-region have gone under the radar. Therefore, using the semi-systematic review of news articles and blogs’ in direct content analysis, we explore the cost of mobile money usage in the sub-region. We examine the state of mobile charges and how it potentially reverses the original purpose of FinTech. Results indicate that governments and other stakeholders find mobile money charges to be high. The imposition of mobile money tax and the regressive structure of mobile money charges affect the poor. The effort of policymakers to reduce the cost of mobile money in the sub-region is ineffective because the FinTech market is dominated by few foreign-owned telecommunication companies. Thus, the creation and promotion of a domestic FinTech market are necessary to promote greater financial inclusion.
金融技术提供了便利、安全和可负担性。在撒哈拉以南的非洲地区,移动支付被认为是促进普惠金融的旗舰产品。尽管如此,终端用户对该次区域移动货币使用成本的持续抱怨却被忽视了。因此,通过对新闻文章和博客在直接内容分析中的半系统回顾,我们探讨了该次区域的移动货币使用成本。我们研究了移动收费的现状,以及它如何可能逆转金融科技的最初目的。结果表明,政府和其他利益相关者发现移动货币收费很高。移动货币税的征收和移动货币收费的递减结构影响了穷人。政策制定者降低该次区域移动货币成本的努力是无效的,因为金融科技市场由少数外资电信公司主导。因此,创建和促进国内金融科技市场对于促进更大的普惠金融是必要的。
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引用次数: 2
Students’ Perceptions Concerning Emergency Remote Teaching During COVID-19 新冠肺炎疫情期间学生对应急远程教学的认知
IF 0.3 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1163/15691497-12341595
K. Fuchs
The sudden shift from physical classroom education towards emergency remote teaching (ERT) in higher education during the unprecedented global pandemic SARS-CoV-2, or more commonly known as COVID-19, caused an abrupt change in the learning environment for students and educators alike. The disruptive overnight change to convert entire courses to emergency remote teaching caused distress for not only educators, but also students as they had little time to adapt to the new circumstances. While the embedment of technologies in the classroom is not a new concept, this quantitative research examined the impact on perceived student engagement as a result of the sudden change, and how students in higher education in Finland (n = 121) and Thailand (n = 137) responded to this change. One of the primary findings of the research was that students in Thailand indicated difficulties completing group assignments digitally, while, contrary to that finding, students in Finland consented to ease in digital collaboration concerning their group works. As a logical next step, it is recommended to conduct qualitative research to gain a more comprehensive insight into how the views on this particular statement differed significantly between both focus groups of students.
在前所未有的全球大流行SARS-CoV-2(或更通常称为COVID-19)期间,高等教育中的体育课堂教育突然转向紧急远程教学(ERT),导致学生和教育工作者的学习环境发生了突然变化。一夜之间将整个课程转换为紧急远程教学的破坏性变化不仅给教育工作者带来了困扰,也给学生带来了困扰,因为他们几乎没有时间适应新环境。虽然技术在课堂中的嵌入并不是一个新概念,但这项定量研究考察了突如其来的变化对感知学生参与度的影响,以及芬兰(121名)和泰国(137名)高等教育学生对这一变化的反应。该研究的主要发现之一是,泰国的学生表示很难以数字方式完成小组作业,而与此相反,芬兰的学生同意在小组作业中简化数字协作。作为合乎逻辑的下一步,建议进行定性研究,以更全面地了解两个焦点学生群体对这一特定陈述的看法有何显著差异。
{"title":"Students’ Perceptions Concerning Emergency Remote Teaching During COVID-19","authors":"K. Fuchs","doi":"10.1163/15691497-12341595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341595","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The sudden shift from physical classroom education towards emergency remote teaching (ERT) in higher education during the unprecedented global pandemic SARS-CoV-2, or more commonly known as COVID-19, caused an abrupt change in the learning environment for students and educators alike. The disruptive overnight change to convert entire courses to emergency remote teaching caused distress for not only educators, but also students as they had little time to adapt to the new circumstances. While the embedment of technologies in the classroom is not a new concept, this quantitative research examined the impact on perceived student engagement as a result of the sudden change, and how students in higher education in Finland (n = 121) and Thailand (n = 137) responded to this change. One of the primary findings of the research was that students in Thailand indicated difficulties completing group assignments digitally, while, contrary to that finding, students in Finland consented to ease in digital collaboration concerning their group works. As a logical next step, it is recommended to conduct qualitative research to gain a more comprehensive insight into how the views on this particular statement differed significantly between both focus groups of students.","PeriodicalId":43666,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Global Development and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78243382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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Perspectives on Global Development and Technology
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