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The Eagle Station impact site 鹰站撞击地点
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01976931231195111
K. Tankersley, Stephanie A. Meyers
The Eagle Station impact site is located along Eagle Creek in Carrol County, Kentucky. Pallasites (23 cm to ≤ 3 mm), a rare form of stony meteorites, occur in a late Archaic cultural period stratum with heat-altered flaked-stone artifacts, carbonized plant remains, and fire-cracked rocks. A calibrated AMS radiocarbon age of 3824 BP to 3593 BP (1875 BCE to 1644 BCE) on the pallasite-bearing stratum demonstrates that the impact event occurred during the late Holocene. The habitation site was abandoned after the impact event and the site was buried within 200 years by alluvium. The Eagle Station impact site increases our understanding of the frequency of late Holocene cosmic events and their possible influence on ancient cultures.
鹰站撞击地点位于肯塔基州卡罗尔县的鹰溪沿岸。Pallasites(23厘米至≤3毫米)是一种罕见的石质陨石,出现在古代晚期的地层中,地层中有热蚀的片状石头制品、碳化的植物遗骸和火裂的岩石。经校正的AMS放射性碳年龄3824 ~ 3593 BP (1875 BCE ~ 1644 BCE),表明撞击事件发生在全新世晚期。该居住地在撞击事件后被遗弃,并在200年内被冲积物掩埋。鹰站撞击地点增加了我们对全新世晚期宇宙事件的频率及其对古代文化的可能影响的理解。
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: New Methods and Theories for Analyzing Mississippian Imagery by Bretton T Giles and Shawn P Lambert 书评:分析布雷顿·T·贾尔斯和肖恩·P·兰伯特的密西西比意象的新方法和新理论
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/01976931231160198
Dawn M. Rutecki
This book provides a series of case studies that address multiple parts of Mississippian imagery analysis in the Southeast region of the United States. The editors begin with an introduction (Chapter 1) that highlights key aspects of historical trajectories within scholarly analysis, while distinguishing iconography from related fi elds and emphasizing critical discussions that have changed how iconographic analyses are methodo-logically and theoretically grounded. Organizationally, the volume is subsequently divided into three sections of interrelated aspects of iconography – design and style (Chapters 2-4), interpretation (Chapters 5-6)
这本书提供了一系列的案例研究,解决密西西比意象分析在美国东南地区的多个部分。编辑们以引言(第1章)开始,强调了学术分析中历史轨迹的关键方面,同时将肖像学与相关领域区分开来,并强调了改变了肖像学分析方法逻辑和理论基础的批判性讨论。从组织上讲,本书随后被分为三个部分,涉及图像学的相关方面——设计和风格(第2-4章),解释(第5-6章)。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Diversity in Open-Air Site Structure Across the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary by Kristen A Carlson and Leland C Bement 书评:更新世/全新世边界上露天遗址结构的多样性作者:Kristen A Carlson和Leland C Bement
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/01976931231156949
E. Knell
The eight chapters that comprise Diversity in Open-Air
八个章节组成的多样性在露天
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引用次数: 0
Interpreting δ13C Values Obtained on SOM from Ancient Maya Reservoirs and Depressions 古玛雅储坳陷SOM δ13C值解释
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221146570
K. Tankersley, N. Dunning, D. Lentz, C. Carr, Liwi Grazioso, T. Hamilton, Kathryn Reese-Taylor
Elemental analyzer (EA) Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry was used to measure ∂13C values on soil organic matter from reservoirs and depressions at the ancient Maya urban centers of Tikal, Guatemala and Yaxnohcah, Mexico. Variation in δ13C values on soil organic matter were > −2.0‰, which suggests enrichment from C4 plants including maize, other tropical grasses (Poaceae), and tropical sedges (Cyperaceae), CAM plants (Clusia sp.), and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria were likely a major contributor to the 13C enrichment of soil organic matter in Maya reservoirs and depressions, which has obfuscated our understanding of ancient Maya maize production. It is possible that the Maya used cyanobacteria as a fertilizer, which enriched agricultural field soil organic matter.
采用元素分析仪(EA)同位素比质谱法测量了古玛雅城市中心危地马拉蒂卡尔和墨西哥亚克斯诺卡的水库和洼地土壤有机质的∂13C值。土壤有机质δ13C值变化> - 2.0‰,表明土壤有机质的富集来自C4植物,包括玉米、其他热带禾本科植物(禾本科)、热带莎草(莎草科)、CAM植物(Clusia sp.)和蓝藻(蓝绿藻)。蓝藻可能是玛雅水库和洼地土壤有机质13C富集的主要贡献者,这混淆了我们对古玛雅玉米生产的理解。玛雅人可能将蓝藻用作肥料,以丰富农田土壤有机质。
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引用次数: 0
The meaning of imprecision: A reconsideration of marked colonoware in South Carolina 不精确的含义:对南卡罗莱纳有标记的陶器的重新思考
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221139315
Christopher T Espenshade
A review of marked Colonoware recovered in South Carolina shows a very low level of precision. This lack of concern with aesthetics runs contrary to expectations for potters intent on placing important religious symbols, cosmograms, on their pots. This imprecision runs contrary to the high degree of precision evidenced in other Gullah-Geechee folk arts and crafts. It is suggested that many of the known, marked Colonoware vessels were incised or inscribed simply to identify the potter, the eventual owner, or the participant in a vessel-centered ritual.
对在南卡罗莱纳回收的有标记的colonware进行审查后发现,其精度非常低。这种对美学的不关心与陶工的期望背道而驰,他们打算在他们的陶器上放置重要的宗教符号,宇宙图。这种不精确与其他嘎勒-吉奇族民间工艺品的高度精确相反。有人认为,许多已知的、有标记的瓷器器皿被切割或刻上只是为了识别陶工、最终的主人或以器皿为中心的仪式的参与者。
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引用次数: 0
The manufacture process of war clubs: Replicating indigenous technological systems of conflict from the Lower Colorado Basin 战争棍棒的制造过程:复制科罗拉多盆地下游的本土冲突技术系统
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221133409
J. Curran
This study provides a multi-disciplinary framework operationalizing the study of weaponry through experimental archaeology. In this scenario, I focus on war clubs, a type of Indigenous weapon commonly found across North America. The goal of this study is to understand how these weapons were engineered for violent conflict. My methodology utilizes archival research, museum study, and experimental archaeology analyses to elaborate on features of design, manufacture, use, and tactics of war club technologies. To operationalize this framework, I focus on a case study of conflict technology in the Lower Colorado River Basin from 1540–1857. Despite war clubs being prolific and an integral part of the technological systems of conflict in this region, this is the initial in-depth material analysis of this weapon type. From this study we can begin to infer how and why weapons systems were chosen, designed, created, and used through the experiential and embodied process of making.
本研究提供了一个多学科的框架,通过实验考古学来操作武器研究。在这个场景中,我关注的是战争俱乐部,这是一种北美地区常见的本土武器。这项研究的目的是了解这些武器是如何被设计用于暴力冲突的。我的研究方法利用档案研究、博物馆研究和实验考古分析来阐述战棍技术的设计、制造、使用和战术特点。为了实现这一框架,我将重点放在1540-1857年科罗拉多河下游流域冲突技术的案例研究上。尽管战争棍棒数量众多,是该地区冲突技术系统的组成部分,但这是对这种武器类型的初步深入材料分析。从这项研究中,我们可以开始推断武器系统是如何以及为什么被选择、设计、创造,并通过制造的经验和具体过程来使用。
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引用次数: 0
The Eads earthwork: Implications for Hopewell ceremonialism Eads的土方工程:对Hopewell仪式主义的启示
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221128608
K. Tankersley, Stephanie A. Meyers, Shahad Mohammed Albalushi, Shaima Saif Salim Alhabsi, Paris Shea Bowers, Isabella L Burton, Austin Clay Matthew Loukinas, Samantha Leigh Ward, Sean Chaney
Eads (33Ct750) is a recently discovered Hopewell hilltop earthwork, which encloses ∼10 ha above the Bares Run-O’Bannon Creek-Little Miami River confluence area. Eads falls within the interquartile size range of other Ohio Hopewell earthworks. Like the nearby Foster's enclosure, Eads is a sub-meter earthwork with a single pronounced east-to-west berm, > 70.0 m in length and > 5.0 m in height. The peak of promontory aligns with the center of the Goodnough-Brock mound (33Ct751) at a compass direction of 300o, the summer solstice sunset azimuth for the Middle Woodland cultural period. The archeoastronomy alignment and artifacts recovered from a pedestrian survey and test excavations suggest that the Eads hilltop earthwork was designed, built, and used for ceremonial purposes.
Eads (33Ct750)是最近发现的霍普韦尔山顶土方工程,占地约10公顷,位于Bares Run-O 'Bannon小溪-小迈阿密河汇合处上方。Eads的大小在俄亥俄州霍普韦尔其他土方工程的四分之一范围内。与附近的福斯特围场一样,Eads是一个亚米的土方工程,有一个明显的东向西的护堤,长度> 70.0米,高度> 5.0米。海岬的顶峰与goodough - brock丘(33Ct751)的中心在指南针方向3000度(中林地文化时期夏至日落方位角)上对齐。从步行调查和测试挖掘中恢复的考古天文学校准和文物表明,Eads山顶的土方工程是为了仪式目的而设计、建造和使用的。
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引用次数: 0
Using tiny artifacts to answer big questions: Machine learning, microdebitage, and household spaces at Tamarindito 用微小的人工制品来回答大问题:机器学习、微借贷和Tamarindito的家庭空间
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221121177
Phyllis S. Johnson, Markus Eberl, Rebecca Estrada Aguila, Charreau S. Bell, Jesse Spencer-Smith
The spatial analysis of microdebitage (measuring less than 6.3 mm) can identify areas where stone tools were knapped at archaeological sites. These tiny artifacts tend to become embedded in the locations where they were first deposited and are less vulnerable to post-depositional movement, making microdebitage an important artifact class for identifying primary areas of stone tool production. Traditional microdebitage analysis, however, can take multiple hours spread over several days to complete. Because of this, microdebitage analysis is typically completed in very small areas of sites due to the intensive time and labor commitment required. Recently, however, my colleagues and I have developed a novel, interdisciplinary method that combines dynamic image analysis and machine learning to analyze microdebitage taken from soil samples at archaeological sites. Analyses of experimental microdebitage demonstrated that microdebitage could be accurately and efficiently identified within archaeological soil samples using this method. In the present study, we apply these methods to soil samples taken from the Maya Capital of Tamarindito in Guatemala to verify whether these methods remain accurate when applied to archaeological contexts.
对微碎片(测量小于6.3毫米)的空间分析可以确定考古遗址中石器被绑架的区域。这些微小的人工制品往往会嵌入它们最初沉积的位置,并且不太容易受到沉积后运动的影响,这使得微debitage成为识别石器生产主要地区的重要人工制品类别。然而,传统的小额借债分析可能需要数天的时间才能完成。正因为如此,由于需要大量的时间和人力投入,微型负债分析通常在非常小的地点区域完成。然而,最近,我和我的同事开发了一种新颖的跨学科方法,将动态图像分析和机器学习相结合,以分析考古遗址土壤样本中的微碎屑。实验结果表明,该方法可以准确有效地识别考古土壤样品中的微碎屑。在本研究中,我们将这些方法应用于从危地马拉的玛雅首都Tamarindito提取的土壤样本,以验证这些方法在应用于考古背景时是否仍然准确。
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引用次数: 1
Book Review: People in a Sea of Grass: Archaeology’s Changing Perspective on Indigenous Plains Communities by Matthew E. Hill and Lauren W. Ritterbush 书评:《草海中的人:考古学对土著平原社区的变化视角》,作者:马修·e·希尔和劳伦·w·里特布什
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221118597
R. Hoard
More than just an overview of the archaeology of the Central Great Plains, People in a Sea of Grass provides summaries of the state of knowledge in the region while also presenting new data and ways of thinking that expand our knowledge of the past The editors and all of the authors are steeped in the archaeology of the Central Plains, and their expertise is apparent. The volume correctly honors the contributions of Dr Donna C. Roper, who organized a symposium at the 2008 Plains Anthropological Conference that examined Waldo R. Wedel’s contributions to the archaeology of the Great Plains and the direction archaeology in the region has taken since then. The symposium led to the beginnings of an edited volume, but Donna passed in 2015, before the project had traction.
《草海人》不仅概述了中原考古,还提供了该地区知识状况的总结,同时也提供了新的数据和思维方式,扩展了我们过去的知识。编辑和所有作者都沉浸在中原考古中,他们的专业知识是显而易见的。这本书正确地赞扬了Donna C. Roper博士的贡献,他在2008年平原人类学会议上组织了一个研讨会,研究了Waldo R. Wedel对大平原考古学的贡献以及该地区考古的方向。研讨会促成了一本编辑卷的开始,但唐娜在2015年去世了,当时该项目还没有取得进展。
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引用次数: 0
Studying lithic microdebitage with a dynamic image particle analyzer 用动态图像颗粒分析仪研究岩屑微碎屑
IF 0.3 4区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/01976931221109301
Markus Eberl, Phyllis S. Johnson, Rebecca Estrada Aguila
Lithic microdebitage has great archaeological potential to elucidate ancient stone tool production. So far, archaeologists have collected soil samples, separated them into size fractions, and analyzed them manually under a microscope to identify microdebitage. This time- and labor-intensive process has limited the number of samples and introduced intra- and inter-observer errors. Here, we discuss lithic microdebitage analysis with a dynamic image particle analyzer. This machine takes videos of soil particles as they fall from a chute. Software tracks them and measures their dimensions. Since sieving is no longer necessary, microdebitage analysis proceeds more quickly and processes samples within a few minutes. The standardized output allows the objective analysis of lithic microdebitage. We compare the angularity of c. 120,000 particles in an archaeological soil sample with experimental microdebitage. While the distributions show intriguing overlaps, we conclude that the most angular archaeological particles are not microdebitage but reflect a software glitch.
岩屑微碎屑在阐明古代石器生产方面具有巨大的考古潜力。到目前为止,考古学家已经收集了土壤样本,将它们分成大小的部分,并在显微镜下进行人工分析,以确定微碎屑。这种时间和劳动密集型的过程限制了样本的数量,并引入了观察者内部和观察者之间的误差。在这里,我们讨论了动态图像颗粒分析仪的岩石微碎屑分析。这台机器拍摄土壤颗粒从溜槽掉落的视频。软件跟踪它们并测量它们的大小。由于不再需要筛分,微负债分析进行得更快,并在几分钟内处理样品。标准化的输出允许对岩石微碎屑进行客观分析。我们比较了考古土壤样品中的c. 120,000颗粒与实验微碎屑的角度。虽然分布显示出有趣的重叠,但我们得出结论,最棱角分明的考古粒子不是微碎片,而是反映了软件故障。
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引用次数: 3
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NORTH AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGIST
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