{"title":"The scientific discourse on the concept of sustainable development","authors":"Inese Trusina, E. Jermolajeva","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the category of "resilience" in the modern discourse of the European Union, its essence and characteristic features. The aim of the paper is to chart the complex process of the belated response of Brussels to the pandemic in the light of the concept of resilience of the Union, examining in detail the reasons for taken measures and its consequences for its future development, defining future scenarios. On the basis of the analysis, it is concluded that in modern conditions, resilience from an external category has gradually become internal for the EU. Moreover, this is relevant for the EU development in the context of today's COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges to European unity that it has caused. The authors review the key measures taken by EU institutions and bodies to combat the pandemic and provide economic assistance to member states to overcome its negative consequences. Based on the analysis carried out, three scenarios for the further development of the EU are proposed, and an opinion is expressed on the need to further ensure the resilience of the Union itself. Since, in any case, the pandemic has demonstrated that the era of nation states in the region is finally a thing of the past, and Europe needs much greater unity and cohesion.
{"title":"Resilience of the European Union as a determinant of its post-pandemic development","authors":"M. Entin, D. Galushko","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-si10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-si10","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the category of \"resilience\" in the modern discourse of the European Union, its essence and characteristic features. The aim of the paper is to chart the complex process of the belated response of Brussels to the pandemic in the light of the concept of resilience of the Union, examining in detail the reasons for taken measures and its consequences for its future development, defining future scenarios. On the basis of the analysis, it is concluded that in modern conditions, resilience from an external category has gradually become internal for the EU. Moreover, this is relevant for the EU development in the context of today's COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges to European unity that it has caused. The authors review the key measures taken by EU institutions and bodies to combat the pandemic and provide economic assistance to member states to overcome its negative consequences. Based on the analysis carried out, three scenarios for the further development of the EU are proposed, and an opinion is expressed on the need to further ensure the resilience of the Union itself. Since, in any case, the pandemic has demonstrated that the era of nation states in the region is finally a thing of the past, and Europe needs much greater unity and cohesion.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims at presenting the influence of the fiscal harmonization on the international law, showing the current changes in the methods of fiscal cooperation among states, with direct influence on location of activity and indirect influence on investment and saving conduct. The international taxation globally has reached a point where unilateral regulation is not efficient anymore and the need for cooperation is present, in regional partnerships and in cooperation mechanisms, likewise. Tax law is one of the most representative division of the national law, considering the autonomous ability of the governments and of the national legislative actors to adopt the legal framework for fiscal liability. The paper addresses the challenges in tax regulation, in the context of the consequential influence of the international law developments on the domestic fiscal rules, including direct taxation for cross-border income and taxation of dividens, both from regulatory and jurisprudential perspective. The regulation formal strains and the influence of the jurisprudential approach on tax planning are analysed, pointing out the need for integrated regulatory framework.
{"title":"The relation international taxation - international law: formal strains and jurisprudential effect","authors":"Mihaela Tofan","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0208","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims at presenting the influence of the fiscal harmonization on the international law, showing the current changes in the methods of fiscal cooperation among states, with direct influence on location of activity and indirect influence on investment and saving conduct. The international taxation globally has reached a point where unilateral regulation is not efficient anymore and the need for cooperation is present, in regional partnerships and in cooperation mechanisms, likewise. Tax law is one of the most representative division of the national law, considering the autonomous ability of the governments and of the national legislative actors to adopt the legal framework for fiscal liability. The paper addresses the challenges in tax regulation, in the context of the consequential influence of the international law developments on the domestic fiscal rules, including direct taxation for cross-border income and taxation of dividens, both from regulatory and jurisprudential perspective. The regulation formal strains and the influence of the jurisprudential approach on tax planning are analysed, pointing out the need for integrated regulatory framework.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70894944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The United Kingdom had been a part of the European integration process since 1973. The 2016 referendum, in which British citizens voted to leave the EU, could be considered as an imaginary peak of tensions between the political priorities of the UK and the EU. The article therefore addresses the attitude of two major British political parties, the Conservative Party, and the Labour Party, towards European integration during the 2015 general election campaign. The article analyses the stance of these parties towards the EU by using two typologies of Euroscepticism. The first theoretical framework of Søren Riishøj determines the content of Euroscepticism. The second developed by Aleks Szczerbiak and Paul Taggart focuses on the intensity of its manifestation. The Analytical part is devoted to the research of the party positions themselves. The main goal is to answer whether the parties can be defined as hard or soft Eurosceptic. Additionally, it will be possible to compare the intensity of their Eurosceptic stances and analyse their attitude to the referendum pledge.
{"title":"Euroscepticism of the Conservative Party and the Labour Party during the 2015 general election campaign","authors":"Ondřej Doležel","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0110","url":null,"abstract":"The United Kingdom had been a part of the European integration process since 1973. The 2016 referendum, in which British citizens voted to leave the EU, could be considered as an imaginary peak of tensions between the political priorities of the UK and the EU. The article therefore addresses the attitude of two major British political parties, the Conservative Party, and the Labour Party, towards European integration during the 2015 general election campaign. The article analyses the stance of these parties towards the EU by using two typologies of Euroscepticism. The first theoretical framework of Søren Riishøj determines the content of Euroscepticism. The second developed by Aleks Szczerbiak and Paul Taggart focuses on the intensity of its manifestation. The Analytical part is devoted to the research of the party positions themselves. The main goal is to answer whether the parties can be defined as hard or soft Eurosceptic. Additionally, it will be possible to compare the intensity of their Eurosceptic stances and analyse their attitude to the referendum pledge.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70894443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last decade, the role of the European Union (EU) High Representative (HR/VP) became increasingly salient. However, a systematic understanding of how this figure’s leadership shaped the character of EU diplomacy and actorness in peacekeeping is lacking. To address this issue, we analyse Catherine Ashton’s leadership (as the first HR/VP post Lisbon Treaty) in the 2013 Kosovo-Serbia agreement, a high point of her tenure. We argue that Ashton’s success is largely due to her hybrid leadership, alternating between transactional and transformational and capitalising on the EU’s presence and opportunities as an international actor. We propose the concept of hybrid leadership as an analytical tool and illustrate its relevance in an empirical case study. Our examination of Ashton’s hybrid leadership contributes to shedding light on the potential role of the future HR/VPs and on how these can reinforce EU leadership, diplomacy, and actorness, contributing to reinforcing the corresponding academic debates.
{"title":"Diplomacy, hybrid leadership, and EU actorness: assessing the role of EU High Representative Catherine Ashton in the 2013 Kosovo-Serbia agreement","authors":"Inês Ribeiro, Stylianos Kostas","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0204","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the role of the European Union (EU) High Representative (HR/VP) became increasingly salient. However, a systematic understanding of how this figure’s leadership shaped the character of EU diplomacy and actorness in peacekeeping is lacking. To address this issue, we analyse Catherine Ashton’s leadership (as the first HR/VP post Lisbon Treaty) in the 2013 Kosovo-Serbia agreement, a high point of her tenure. We argue that Ashton’s success is largely due to her hybrid leadership, alternating between transactional and transformational and capitalising on the EU’s presence and opportunities as an international actor. We propose the concept of hybrid leadership as an analytical tool and illustrate its relevance in an empirical case study. Our examination of Ashton’s hybrid leadership contributes to shedding light on the potential role of the future HR/VPs and on how these can reinforce EU leadership, diplomacy, and actorness, contributing to reinforcing the corresponding academic debates.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BOOK REVIEW: Maria Alina Asavei, Art, Religion and Resistance in (Post-) Communist Romania: Nostalgia for Paradise Lost","authors":"Alexandru Stanescu","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-si14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-si14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70896117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BOOK REVIEW: Godfrey A. Pirotta, Malta: Selected Essays in Governance and Public Administration","authors":"Lino Bianco","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constitutional Court decisions are crucial for a sustainable and democratic state institution functions as well as a country’s political stability. This article seeks to provide insights into the Constitutional Courts process, the role it plays in providing political stability under normal circumstances, when it is overburdened by a large case load and how that often does not provide satisfactory results for a variety of Kosovo stakeholders. The article also seeks to describe, discuss and analyse the development of Kosovo’s judicial review process, important court composition issues and the legal basis for its activities and procedures, and to discuss the obstacles and political influences in several court decisions which caused ambiguity, political tensions and increased distrust in Kosovo’s political systems and institutions including the constitutional court.
{"title":"Judicial review and political (in)stability in Kosovo","authors":"Bashkim Rrahmani","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0209","url":null,"abstract":"Constitutional Court decisions are crucial for a sustainable and democratic state institution functions as well as a country’s political stability. This article seeks to provide insights into the Constitutional Courts process, the role it plays in providing political stability under normal circumstances, when it is overburdened by a large case load and how that often does not provide satisfactory results for a variety of Kosovo stakeholders. The article also seeks to describe, discuss and analyse the development of Kosovo’s judicial review process, important court composition issues and the legal basis for its activities and procedures, and to discuss the obstacles and political influences in several court decisions which caused ambiguity, political tensions and increased distrust in Kosovo’s political systems and institutions including the constitutional court.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current paper aims to analyse and estimate the Bulgarian hotel industry's efficiency, focusing on both cost and profit efficiency. We attempt to examine whether service quality, as well as tourism specialization, affect hotel industry efficiency. By using the Battese and Coelli (1995) model this study applies a Stochastic frontier analysis with 309 Bulgarian hotels analysed for the period of 10 years (2008-2017). The methodology allows to be estimated the efficiency level and influencing factors, as well as decompose the error into both, random and inefficiency error. The results show that the cost efficiency decreases when the hotel category increases and significantly fluctuates over time in a decreasing tendency. On the other hand, quality service and tourism specialization cannot unambitiously explain the profit inefficiency of Bulgarian hotels. Thus, the hotel management needs to apply strategies related to differentiating hotel products and/or better pricing, rather than tourism development of the destination.
{"title":"Cost and profit efficiency: the case of Bulgarian hotel industry","authors":"D. Doncheva, D. Stoyancheva","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-0210","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper aims to analyse and estimate the Bulgarian hotel industry's efficiency, focusing on both cost and profit efficiency. We attempt to examine whether service quality, as well as tourism specialization, affect hotel industry efficiency. By using the Battese and Coelli (1995) model this study applies a Stochastic frontier analysis with 309 Bulgarian hotels analysed for the period of 10 years (2008-2017). The methodology allows to be estimated the efficiency level and influencing factors, as well as decompose the error into both, random and inefficiency error. The results show that the cost efficiency decreases when the hotel category increases and significantly fluctuates over time in a decreasing tendency. On the other hand, quality service and tourism specialization cannot unambitiously explain the profit inefficiency of Bulgarian hotels. Thus, the hotel management needs to apply strategies related to differentiating hotel products and/or better pricing, rather than tourism development of the destination.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyses how COVID-19 is affecting the EU federalism position in 21 Member States. The analysis is based on an ordered probit econometric model that explains the citizens' support to a major involvement of the EU institutions to control the corona virus pandemic. The dataset is the product of a survey administered to 21804 European citizens about a number of issues about the pandemic in 21 EU countries. The empirical analysis provides conclusive evidence on the determinants that affect the individual shift position of European citizens to a major involvement of the European institutions in the control of the pandemic. Our results show that Portuguese, Greeks, Bulgarians, Italians and Spaniards and males are those more in favour of the EU federalist solution to control the COVID-19 crisis. Years of education and social class are among the variables that do not have any significant effect. Meanwhile, the political support to the national government, the priority given to health vs. economy and, being in favour of limiting individual rights to control the pandemic seem to have a positive effect on EU federalism. Moreover, concerns about being infected by the pandemic, need of the help of others, altruism (helping others), economic loss, and social interaction with others also play a determinant role. Thus, the article contributes to the debate of the attitudes and behaviour that affect the individual position of the citizens who want a shift in authority from the national governments to the federal EU as a link to create more resilient regions during COVID-19.
{"title":"The effects of COVID-19 on EU federalism","authors":"Juan Carlos Martín, C. Román","doi":"10.47743/ejes-2021-SI06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2021-SI06","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses how COVID-19 is affecting the EU federalism position in 21 Member States. The analysis is based on an ordered probit econometric model that explains the citizens' support to a major involvement of the EU institutions to control the corona virus pandemic. The dataset is the product of a survey administered to 21804 European citizens about a number of issues about the pandemic in 21 EU countries. The empirical analysis provides conclusive evidence on the determinants that affect the individual shift position of European citizens to a major involvement of the European institutions in the control of the pandemic. Our results show that Portuguese, Greeks, Bulgarians, Italians and Spaniards and males are those more in favour of the EU federalist solution to control the COVID-19 crisis. Years of education and social class are among the variables that do not have any significant effect. Meanwhile, the political support to the national government, the priority given to health vs. economy and, being in favour of limiting individual rights to control the pandemic seem to have a positive effect on EU federalism. Moreover, concerns about being infected by the pandemic, need of the help of others, altruism (helping others), economic loss, and social interaction with others also play a determinant role. Thus, the article contributes to the debate of the attitudes and behaviour that affect the individual position of the citizens who want a shift in authority from the national governments to the federal EU as a link to create more resilient regions during COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":43713,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Journal of European Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70895582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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