Researchers worldwide require valuable data to confirm and validate their models or theories. Obtaining such data, especially concerning people's behaviour, is very difficult. Although ICT technologies can facilitate the data collection process, it is necessary to consider the right promotional and communication tools to ensure the required sample size. The paper provides evidence on users' engagement during the European data collection campaign (H2020 MoTiV project ) using the Woorti mobile application. The results show that using the mobile application to collect data does not automatically attract and engage citizens. This brings several challenges to be addressed during the data collection campaign. The study found that electronic media are not always the most effective channels to attract users to research. Direct addressing and outreach events seem to be more effective for this purpose. This case study also shows that although incentives motivate people to participate in data collection, the most crucial factor in their participation is contributing to the research.
{"title":"Engaging Users for Participating in a European Data Collection Campaign with Smartphones","authors":"M. Gogola, E. Malichová, Martin Hudák","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.309381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.309381","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers worldwide require valuable data to confirm and validate their models or theories. Obtaining such data, especially concerning people's behaviour, is very difficult. Although ICT technologies can facilitate the data collection process, it is necessary to consider the right promotional and communication tools to ensure the required sample size. The paper provides evidence on users' engagement during the European data collection campaign (H2020 MoTiV project ) using the Woorti mobile application. The results show that using the mobile application to collect data does not automatically attract and engage citizens. This brings several challenges to be addressed during the data collection campaign. The study found that electronic media are not always the most effective channels to attract users to research. Direct addressing and outreach events seem to be more effective for this purpose. This case study also shows that although incentives motivate people to participate in data collection, the most crucial factor in their participation is contributing to the research.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia implemented “Large Scale Social Restrictions” (LSSR) to cope with COVID-19. This policy generated various opinions between people that demonstrated their sentiments in daily life and social media. This study aims to analyse the sentiments of Indonesian urban citizens with respect to the policy. Using Drone Emprit Academic, a data mining tool that retrieved data from Twitter, this study examined tweets mentioned: “Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar” or “PSBB” from March 2nd, 2020 to January 11th, 2021. It reveals that significant events in the real world influence the sentiments pattern and classification during that particular period. The spatial distribution of the tweets reveals that the conversation is concentrated in cities throughout Java. Twitter-based sentiment analysis can be an alternative method for the Government to monitor and evaluate its policies in the future, specifically in a pandemic situation.
印度尼西亚实施了“大规模社会限制”（LSSR）以应对新冠肺炎。这项政策在人们之间引发了各种意见，在日常生活和社交媒体上表达了他们的情感。本研究旨在分析印尼城市居民对该政策的看法。这项研究使用从推特上检索数据的数据挖掘工具Drone Emprit Academic，检查了2020年3月2日至2021年1月11日期间提到的推文：“Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar”或“PSBB”。它揭示了现实世界中的重大事件影响着特定时期的情感模式和分类。推文的空间分布表明，对话集中在整个Java的城市。基于推特的情绪分析可以成为政府未来监测和评估其政策的一种替代方法，特别是在疫情形势下。
{"title":"The Sentiments of Indonesian Urban Citizens regarding the Lockdown-like Policy during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Z. Putra","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.297515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.297515","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia implemented “Large Scale Social Restrictions” (LSSR) to cope with COVID-19. This policy generated various opinions between people that demonstrated their sentiments in daily life and social media. This study aims to analyse the sentiments of Indonesian urban citizens with respect to the policy. Using Drone Emprit Academic, a data mining tool that retrieved data from Twitter, this study examined tweets mentioned: “Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar” or “PSBB” from March 2nd, 2020 to January 11th, 2021. It reveals that significant events in the real world influence the sentiments pattern and classification during that particular period. The spatial distribution of the tweets reveals that the conversation is concentrated in cities throughout Java. Twitter-based sentiment analysis can be an alternative method for the Government to monitor and evaluate its policies in the future, specifically in a pandemic situation.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44613598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The event we are facing at a global scale, the COVID-19 pandemic, can be considered a real death blow to the real markets, in general, as well as to a local heritage-based tourism market, in particular. The closing of both near and distant “borders”, due to the imposed social-spatial limitations - as an early answer to the pandemic - has hugely and mainly affected the micro, small and medium businesses’ fabric within their local contexts. This article aims to identify how and if an alternative tourism offer might take/give a kind of advantage of the urban features and cultural layers of Tirana, by positioning it as safe tourism in the current long wave of post-pandemic. Tirana is proposed as an experimental open lab. The adopted survey methodology was based on both traditional urban analyses, as well as on an e-survey aimed to catch the overall common inclination in the city's vocation for an unconventional tourism offer. The paper is mostly focused on the survey as the base material from which to get further information to be used in subsequent co-planning and co-designing phases.
{"title":"Tirana as an Open Lab. A Pilot for an Integrated Research Tourism’s Vision in Pre/Post-Pandemic.","authors":"F. Naselli, C. Bellone, M. Pali, F. Andreassi","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.299546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.299546","url":null,"abstract":"The event we are facing at a global scale, the COVID-19 pandemic, can be considered a real death blow to the real markets, in general, as well as to a local heritage-based tourism market, in particular. The closing of both near and distant “borders”, due to the imposed social-spatial limitations - as an early answer to the pandemic - has hugely and mainly affected the micro, small and medium businesses’ fabric within their local contexts. This article aims to identify how and if an alternative tourism offer might take/give a kind of advantage of the urban features and cultural layers of Tirana, by positioning it as safe tourism in the current long wave of post-pandemic. Tirana is proposed as an experimental open lab. The adopted survey methodology was based on both traditional urban analyses, as well as on an e-survey aimed to catch the overall common inclination in the city's vocation for an unconventional tourism offer. The paper is mostly focused on the survey as the base material from which to get further information to be used in subsequent co-planning and co-designing phases.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47266058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the era of COVID-19 planners, and more broadly, city administrators and policy makers, have learned to cope with the accelerated pace of change, the broad band of uncertainty, and the need for rapid decision-making strategies. This, in the context of ever more diverse communities and greater reliance on technology as an effective response to the social and public health challenges of the pandemic. “Smart” cities harness distributed communication and service delivery technologies to enhance the quality of urban life. The voices of citizens from marginalized and under-served populations, such as older adults and people with disabilities, are vital to the development of inclusive smart cities. In this paper expanding an inclusive policy design approach is proposed that uses ‘personas’ to actively engage those citizens.
{"title":"Personas, the Pandemic and Inclusive, Synthetic Smart City Planning","authors":"Paul M.A. Baker","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.299545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.299545","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of COVID-19 planners, and more broadly, city administrators and policy makers, have learned to cope with the accelerated pace of change, the broad band of uncertainty, and the need for rapid decision-making strategies. This, in the context of ever more diverse communities and greater reliance on technology as an effective response to the social and public health challenges of the pandemic. “Smart” cities harness distributed communication and service delivery technologies to enhance the quality of urban life. The voices of citizens from marginalized and under-served populations, such as older adults and people with disabilities, are vital to the development of inclusive smart cities. In this paper expanding an inclusive policy design approach is proposed that uses ‘personas’ to actively engage those citizens.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45745382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Nummi, V. Prilenska, Kristi Grišakov, H. Fabritius, Laugren Ilves, Petri Kangassalo, A. Staffans, Xunran Tan
Developing new digital tools to fit the needs of communicative urban and green area planning requires understanding of the various prospective user groups, the different contexts of use, the planning tasks, and the communicative activities at hand. However, it is not self-evident that user research can be applied in research and innovation projects with limited human and time resources. In this article, a user-centered design (UCD) approach is applied in the development of new collaborative 3D tools for urban and green area planning in a multidisciplinary research team in the GreenTwins project. This research shows how essential it is to select easy-to-learn user research methods, identify the knowledge needs for tool development, and ensure that user insight is transmitted to development. In the GreenTwins project, this was achieved by applying a simple UCD framework (PACT) and engaging the research and development team in the process. Despite the challenges, the results show that the methodology used was beneficial.
{"title":"Narrowing the Implementation Gap","authors":"P. Nummi, V. Prilenska, Kristi Grišakov, H. Fabritius, Laugren Ilves, Petri Kangassalo, A. Staffans, Xunran Tan","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.315804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.315804","url":null,"abstract":"Developing new digital tools to fit the needs of communicative urban and green area planning requires understanding of the various prospective user groups, the different contexts of use, the planning tasks, and the communicative activities at hand. However, it is not self-evident that user research can be applied in research and innovation projects with limited human and time resources. In this article, a user-centered design (UCD) approach is applied in the development of new collaborative 3D tools for urban and green area planning in a multidisciplinary research team in the GreenTwins project. This research shows how essential it is to select easy-to-learn user research methods, identify the knowledge needs for tool development, and ensure that user insight is transmitted to development. In the GreenTwins project, this was achieved by applying a simple UCD framework (PACT) and engaging the research and development team in the process. Despite the challenges, the results show that the methodology used was beneficial.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47720837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICT-related travel policy, based on a statistical analysis of the uptake and use of smart mobility services by the Algerian population before and during the crisis. A questionnaire distributed via the Internet on social networks was used to assess ICT use and evaluate the influence of personal factors on the choice and frequency of use of technologies in mobility. The sample consisted of 368 valid individuals. Several parametric and non-parametric tests were performed to address the hypotheses posed. The results suggest that the diffusion of COVID-19 would influence Algerian citizens’ mobility, which differs by gender, age group, location, and status. This work also examines the effectiveness of restrictions and tests ICT services in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although mobility changes according to need, some modes of transport adapt to circumstances and others do not. Policymakers should therefore consider these changes in travel policy to develop adequate services for future disasters.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on citizens’ travel rules related to intelligent mobility use in Algeria","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.299548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.299548","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICT-related travel policy, based on a statistical analysis of the uptake and use of smart mobility services by the Algerian population before and during the crisis. A questionnaire distributed via the Internet on social networks was used to assess ICT use and evaluate the influence of personal factors on the choice and frequency of use of technologies in mobility. The sample consisted of 368 valid individuals. Several parametric and non-parametric tests were performed to address the hypotheses posed. The results suggest that the diffusion of COVID-19 would influence Algerian citizens’ mobility, which differs by gender, age group, location, and status. This work also examines the effectiveness of restrictions and tests ICT services in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although mobility changes according to need, some modes of transport adapt to circumstances and others do not. Policymakers should therefore consider these changes in travel policy to develop adequate services for future disasters.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43856163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban technologies and smart city applications show that a new era has started in urban planning, and a new structure has been formed because of endless information flow and distribution. The participation process has also carried on a new structure with the changes. Urban living labs (ULL) is a form of experimental governance which can offer creative solutions for the problems that cities face today. The research is aimed to determine the new actors in a new era in the process of transformation while interviewing two ULLs in Turkey. Through interviews, decision-making, actualization, collaboration, and participation, processes were established. Moreover, analysis shows that the technological transformation process is currently in the digital environment rather than redound on the spatial environment in Turkey. While ULLs provide opportunities to adapt to technology, they have not become widespread or have not been identified yet to show limitations in cooperation and application.
{"title":"A New Era for Urban Actors","authors":"O. Yilmaz, Ozhan Ertekin","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.315749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.315749","url":null,"abstract":"Urban technologies and smart city applications show that a new era has started in urban planning, and a new structure has been formed because of endless information flow and distribution. The participation process has also carried on a new structure with the changes. Urban living labs (ULL) is a form of experimental governance which can offer creative solutions for the problems that cities face today. The research is aimed to determine the new actors in a new era in the process of transformation while interviewing two ULLs in Turkey. Through interviews, decision-making, actualization, collaboration, and participation, processes were established. Moreover, analysis shows that the technological transformation process is currently in the digital environment rather than redound on the spatial environment in Turkey. While ULLs provide opportunities to adapt to technology, they have not become widespread or have not been identified yet to show limitations in cooperation and application.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47782186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article revisits the three foundational principles of Participatory Mapping practice identified in Good practices in participatory mapping. These include processes that strive for transparency, are unencumbered by time, and prioritize trust - the ‘Three T’s’. Authors Kelly Panchyshyn and Jon Corbett analyze the relevance of these principles under the spectre of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This reflection is carried out within the context of Kelly’s Master’s research. Over the course of 2020, Kelly worked with staff and citizens of the Kwanlin Dün First Nation to map Indigenous and non-Indigenous plant harvest foodways within Łu Zil Män, an expansive stretch of land on the edge of Whitehorse, Yukon. In exploring both the barriers and opportunities created by conducting this project during a pandemic, the authors determine that the ‘Three T’s’ remain essential for conducting meaningful participatory mapping. However, they also argue that each T takes on new dimensions within contexts of isolation and social distancing, particularly for Northern and Indigenous communities.
本文回顾了参与式测绘实践的三个基本原则，确定了参与式测绘的良好实践。这包括追求透明度、不受时间限制、优先考虑信任——“三个T”。作者Kelly Panchyshyn和Jon Corbett在全球COVID-19大流行的阴影下分析了这些原则的相关性。这种反思是在凯利硕士研究的背景下进行的。在2020年的过程中，凯利与Kwanlin dn First Nation的工作人员和公民合作，绘制了Łu Zil Män内的土著和非土著植物收获食物的地图，这是育空地区怀特霍斯边缘的一片广阔土地。在探讨在大流行期间开展该项目所产生的障碍和机会时，作者确定，“三个T”对于开展有意义的参与性测绘仍然至关重要。然而，他们还认为，在孤立和社会疏远的背景下，每一项T都具有新的层面，特别是对北方和土著社区而言。
{"title":"Pandemic Participation","authors":"K. Panchyshyn, J. Corbett","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.299547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.299547","url":null,"abstract":"This article revisits the three foundational principles of Participatory Mapping practice identified in Good practices in participatory mapping. These include processes that strive for transparency, are unencumbered by time, and prioritize trust - the ‘Three T’s’. Authors Kelly Panchyshyn and Jon Corbett analyze the relevance of these principles under the spectre of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This reflection is carried out within the context of Kelly’s Master’s research. Over the course of 2020, Kelly worked with staff and citizens of the Kwanlin Dün First Nation to map Indigenous and non-Indigenous plant harvest foodways within Łu Zil Män, an expansive stretch of land on the edge of Whitehorse, Yukon. In exploring both the barriers and opportunities created by conducting this project during a pandemic, the authors determine that the ‘Three T’s’ remain essential for conducting meaningful participatory mapping. However, they also argue that each T takes on new dimensions within contexts of isolation and social distancing, particularly for Northern and Indigenous communities.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47517696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to investigates the e-participation in urban planning in Saudi Arabia (KSA). It further investigates the perception of the employed professionals in the municipalities of Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) towards introducing e-participation. The study adopts a quantitative research method. The data is collected through a structured self-administrated survey. The sample for survey is drawn from the municipalities in DMA, KSA. The target population of the study is defined as professionals working in municipalities in DMA. The findings of the study indicate that the professionals in municipalities have optimistic attitudes toward e-participation in urban planning. They believe that e-participation in urban planning will contribute in having: high representation of public, positive contribution, and speeding up the decision-making. The findings also show that there is almost complete agreement in the views regarding the e-participation feasibility in planning process during crises (such as COVID-19).
{"title":"Analysis of the Perception of Professionals in Municipalities of Dammam Metropolitan Area Towards Introducing E-Participation in Saudi Urban Planning","authors":"A. Bouregh","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.297516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.297516","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to investigates the e-participation in urban planning in Saudi Arabia (KSA). It further investigates the perception of the employed professionals in the municipalities of Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) towards introducing e-participation. The study adopts a quantitative research method. The data is collected through a structured self-administrated survey. The sample for survey is drawn from the municipalities in DMA, KSA. The target population of the study is defined as professionals working in municipalities in DMA. The findings of the study indicate that the professionals in municipalities have optimistic attitudes toward e-participation in urban planning. They believe that e-participation in urban planning will contribute in having: high representation of public, positive contribution, and speeding up the decision-making. The findings also show that there is almost complete agreement in the views regarding the e-participation feasibility in planning process during crises (such as COVID-19).","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46337246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francis Harvey, A. Moldovan, Eric Losang, T. Leibert, M. Turchenko, Nicola Simon, Rowenia Bender
Participatory planning holds important lessons for improving local government capabilities and responsiveness, but overall procedural regulations and statutory frameworks make its relevance for participatory IT development often just a matter of compliance. Developing analytical visualisations to support local government faces significant challenges because of the complexity and uncertainty about long-term benefits. We designed the process and local government staff understood their participation in an organised process. After each segment and the programming implementation, a new version of the software integrates improvements for participants.The participation process involved staff from ultimately 18 local governments. Participation became a verb describing the process that informed the directions to which we took up local government input.
{"title":"Participation in Software Development","authors":"Francis Harvey, A. Moldovan, Eric Losang, T. Leibert, M. Turchenko, Nicola Simon, Rowenia Bender","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.307563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.307563","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory planning holds important lessons for improving local government capabilities and responsiveness, but overall procedural regulations and statutory frameworks make its relevance for participatory IT development often just a matter of compliance. Developing analytical visualisations to support local government faces significant challenges because of the complexity and uncertainty about long-term benefits. We designed the process and local government staff understood their participation in an organised process. After each segment and the programming implementation, a new version of the software integrates improvements for participants.The participation process involved staff from ultimately 18 local governments. Participation became a verb describing the process that informed the directions to which we took up local government input.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46639699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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