Built environment factors such as greenery, walkability, and crowd density are related to physical activity and mental health. New emerging wearable sensors provide an opportunity to objectively monitor human exposure to street-level urban features. However, very few studies have demonstrated how to objectively measure the association between the built environment, human emotions, and health. This pilot study proposes a new approach that employs a FrontRow wearable lifestyle camera, a GPS tracker, and an Empatica 4 wristband as a sensor package to track individuals during their everyday activities. Machine-learning methods are adopted to extract urban features. For this study, volunteers were asked to conduct a self-led city tour in Roskilde, Denmark, while using the wearable sensors. Study results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and the potential for using integrated, multi-sourced data in the study of urban health.
{"title":"The Feasibility of Integrating Wearable Cameras and Health Trackers for Measuring Personal Exposure to Urban Features","authors":"Zhaoxi Zhang, P. Amegbor, C. Sabel","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.313181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.313181","url":null,"abstract":"Built environment factors such as greenery, walkability, and crowd density are related to physical activity and mental health. New emerging wearable sensors provide an opportunity to objectively monitor human exposure to street-level urban features. However, very few studies have demonstrated how to objectively measure the association between the built environment, human emotions, and health. This pilot study proposes a new approach that employs a FrontRow wearable lifestyle camera, a GPS tracker, and an Empatica 4 wristband as a sensor package to track individuals during their everyday activities. Machine-learning methods are adopted to extract urban features. For this study, volunteers were asked to conduct a self-led city tour in Roskilde, Denmark, while using the wearable sensors. Study results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and the potential for using integrated, multi-sourced data in the study of urban health.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41432585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa1
S. McQuire
This article takes stock of the smart city concept by locating it in relation to both a longer history of urban computing, as well as more recent projects exploring the vexed issues of participatory urbanism, data ethics and urban surveillance. The author argues for the need to decouple thinking regarding the potential of urban digital infrastructure from the narrow and often technocentric discourse of ‘smart cityism'. Such a decoupling will require continued experimentation with both practical models and conceptual frameworks, but will offer the best opportunity for the ongoing digitization of cities to deliver on claims of ‘empowering' urban inhabitants.
{"title":"Urban Digital Infrastructure, Smart Cityism, and Communication","authors":"S. McQuire","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa1","url":null,"abstract":"This article takes stock of the smart city concept by locating it in relation to both a longer history of urban computing, as well as more recent projects exploring the vexed issues of participatory urbanism, data ethics and urban surveillance. The author argues for the need to decouple thinking regarding the potential of urban digital infrastructure from the narrow and often technocentric discourse of ‘smart cityism'. Such a decoupling will require continued experimentation with both practical models and conceptual frameworks, but will offer the best opportunity for the ongoing digitization of cities to deliver on claims of ‘empowering' urban inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa5
L. Damurski
This paper is a reflective overview of the knowledge on online conversion of services in the perspective of urban planning. It points that traditional planning aimed at building optimal spatial relationships between particular functions in urban environment. Particular decision-making rules have been introduced, contributing to a hierarchical land-use structure. This traditional approach has been recently challenged by the rapid ICT development which added a lively, virtual, and non-spatial dimension of urban economy. The well-established foundations of urban planning started to shake, calling for a new paradigm. This paper looks for an alternative to conventional planning which would be able to develop policies for omnichannel services (i.e., enterprises that use both online and offline channels for communicating and distributing their products). The advantages of ‘e-planning' in managing omnichannel services sector are outlined and a conclusion is drawn that only a multi-channel approach can bring appropriate answers to contemporary developments in services sector.
{"title":"How to Include Omnichannel Services in Land-Use Policy?","authors":"L. Damurski","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a reflective overview of the knowledge on online conversion of services in the perspective of urban planning. It points that traditional planning aimed at building optimal spatial relationships between particular functions in urban environment. Particular decision-making rules have been introduced, contributing to a hierarchical land-use structure. This traditional approach has been recently challenged by the rapid ICT development which added a lively, virtual, and non-spatial dimension of urban economy. The well-established foundations of urban planning started to shake, calling for a new paradigm. This paper looks for an alternative to conventional planning which would be able to develop policies for omnichannel services (i.e., enterprises that use both online and offline channels for communicating and distributing their products). The advantages of ‘e-planning' in managing omnichannel services sector are outlined and a conclusion is drawn that only a multi-channel approach can bring appropriate answers to contemporary developments in services sector.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45684452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa7
M. McCall
Applications of participatory mapping (PMapping) and PGIS to the mapping of local spatial knowledge are expanding; therefore, updated ethics and good practice improvements are needed. The intention here is to secern, or distinguish between, two pairs of concepts essential to PMapping – between ‘facts' and ‘values' in the knowledge being mapped and between ‘representation' and ‘representativity in the Pmapping processes. Local spatial knowledge is not homogeneous; facts and values are distinct although intrinsically related. In a world of ‘fake news´ and attacks on science, it is even more essential to distinguish facts from values in maps and other media. Concerning representation of both facts and values, the questions are how to represent local knowledge. Concerning representativity in the process, whose local spatial knowledge is being presented, and why? PMapping is not democratic; it is exceptionalist and informed – that should be acknowledged as a strength, not a deficiency.
{"title":"Participatory Mapping and PGIS","authors":"M. McCall","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa7","url":null,"abstract":"Applications of participatory mapping (PMapping) and PGIS to the mapping of local spatial knowledge are expanding; therefore, updated ethics and good practice improvements are needed. The intention here is to secern, or distinguish between, two pairs of concepts essential to PMapping – between ‘facts' and ‘values' in the knowledge being mapped and between ‘representation' and ‘representativity in the Pmapping processes. Local spatial knowledge is not homogeneous; facts and values are distinct although intrinsically related. In a world of ‘fake news´ and attacks on science, it is even more essential to distinguish facts from values in maps and other media. Concerning representation of both facts and values, the questions are how to represent local knowledge. Concerning representativity in the process, whose local spatial knowledge is being presented, and why? PMapping is not democratic; it is exceptionalist and informed – that should be acknowledged as a strength, not a deficiency.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46006129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa3
A. Anttiroiko
This article discusses platformization and its impact on urban planning. Platformization refers to an increased utilization of platform logic in society. In urban planning, it is manifest in the emergence of digital co-production platforms. They offer a range of genuinely beneficial features—especially digitally-assisted collaborative mapping, ideation, sharing, and analytics—and facilitated integration of citizen input into democratic planning system. As such, they have a potential to develop into a new urban planning model that meets the needs of a complex late modern society.
{"title":"Digital Urban Planning Platforms","authors":"A. Anttiroiko","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa3","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses platformization and its impact on urban planning. Platformization refers to an increased utilization of platform logic in society. In urban planning, it is manifest in the emergence of digital co-production platforms. They offer a range of genuinely beneficial features—especially digitally-assisted collaborative mapping, ideation, sharing, and analytics—and facilitated integration of citizen input into democratic planning system. As such, they have a potential to develop into a new urban planning model that meets the needs of a complex late modern society.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa4
S. Chun, Dongwook Kim, June-Suh Cho, Michael Chuang, Seung-Yoon Shin, Daesung Jun
This paper is a reflective overview of the knowledge on online conversion of services in the perspective of urban planning. It points that traditional planning aimed at building optimal spatial relationships between particular functions in urban environment. Appropriate decision-making rules had been introduced, contributing to a hierarchical land-use structure. This conventional approach has been recently challenged by the rapid ICT development which added a lively, virtual, non-spatial dimension of urban economy. The well-established foundations of urban planning started to shake, calling for a new paradigm. This paper looks for an alternative to traditional planning which would be able to develop policies for omnichannel services (i.e., enterprises that use both online and offline channels for communicating and distributing their products). The advantages of ‘e-planning' in managing omnichannel services are outlined and a conclusion is drawn that only a multi-channel approach can bring appropriate answers to contemporary developments in services sector.
{"title":"Framework for Smart City Model Composition","authors":"S. Chun, Dongwook Kim, June-Suh Cho, Michael Chuang, Seung-Yoon Shin, Daesung Jun","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a reflective overview of the knowledge on online conversion of services in the perspective of urban planning. It points that traditional planning aimed at building optimal spatial relationships between particular functions in urban environment. Appropriate decision-making rules had been introduced, contributing to a hierarchical land-use structure. This conventional approach has been recently challenged by the rapid ICT development which added a lively, virtual, non-spatial dimension of urban economy. The well-established foundations of urban planning started to shake, calling for a new paradigm. This paper looks for an alternative to traditional planning which would be able to develop policies for omnichannel services (i.e., enterprises that use both online and offline channels for communicating and distributing their products). The advantages of ‘e-planning' in managing omnichannel services are outlined and a conclusion is drawn that only a multi-channel approach can bring appropriate answers to contemporary developments in services sector.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48475463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa2
K. Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert
Over the past decade, the vision of smart cities filled with technological innovation and digitally engaged citizens has been pursued around the globe, but not all city residents have a chance to participate in or benefit from these innovations. Connectivity is unequally distributed across cities and neighborhoods, and these disparities have costs not only for individuals, but for communities, as COVID-19 so aptly demonstrated. There is a need to examine uses and outcomes for broadband across cities and neighborhoods as digital human capital in communities. Two studies summarized here show that like other human capital, technology use conveys economic benefits for communities. Broadband adoption over time is related to prosperity and growth in the 50 largest metros. Big data on the density of domain name websites shows that this measure of technology use is likewise a significant predictor of prosperity and median income, controlling for other factors. We conclude with a research agenda on digital human capital and community outcomes.
{"title":"Digital Citizenship and Digital Communities","authors":"K. Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa2","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the vision of smart cities filled with technological innovation and digitally engaged citizens has been pursued around the globe, but not all city residents have a chance to participate in or benefit from these innovations. Connectivity is unequally distributed across cities and neighborhoods, and these disparities have costs not only for individuals, but for communities, as COVID-19 so aptly demonstrated. There is a need to examine uses and outcomes for broadband across cities and neighborhoods as digital human capital in communities. Two studies summarized here show that like other human capital, technology use conveys economic benefits for communities. Broadband adoption over time is related to prosperity and growth in the 50 largest metros. Big data on the density of domain name websites shows that this measure of technology use is likewise a significant predictor of prosperity and median income, controlling for other factors. We conclude with a research agenda on digital human capital and community outcomes.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47644074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa6
Haoyu Zhao, M. Ahn, A. Manoharan
Using a panel dataset gathered from 57 countries over the period 2003 to 2014, this paper examines the impact of cultural factors on the relationship between e-government development and corruption. The analysis reveals that e-government development have a weak and positive impact on the corruption levels across all countries but varied according to the different cultural factors. Based on the cultural typology of the GLOBE project, the authors found that e-government development was more effective in reducing corruption in countries with certain cultural characteristics. Cultures that put less emphasis on controlling uncertainty shared power more equally among members, valued individualism, and focused more on future development were more favorable to e-government development than others. Finally, they discussed the cultural implications on e-planning.
{"title":"E-Government, Corruption Reduction and the Role of Culture","authors":"Haoyu Zhao, M. Ahn, A. Manoharan","doi":"10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210701.oa6","url":null,"abstract":"Using a panel dataset gathered from 57 countries over the period 2003 to 2014, this paper examines the impact of cultural factors on the relationship between e-government development and corruption. The analysis reveals that e-government development have a weak and positive impact on the corruption levels across all countries but varied according to the different cultural factors. Based on the cultural typology of the GLOBE project, the authors found that e-government development was more effective in reducing corruption in countries with certain cultural characteristics. Cultures that put less emphasis on controlling uncertainty shared power more equally among members, valued individualism, and focused more on future development were more favorable to e-government development than others. Finally, they discussed the cultural implications on e-planning.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48775263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA10
N. V. Mali, Srinivas Yerramsetti, A. Manoharan
Emerging democracies are handicapped by systemic weaknesses such as inadequate healthcare safety nets, weak administrative capacities, and rigidly hierarchical bureaucracies and conflicts between levels of political leadership. The COVID-19 pandemic creates the urgent need for governments to overcome these structural limitations and facilitate responsive governance. This article uses the lens of communicative governance to describe how governments respond to the emerging health emergency and its challenges. It uses the case of the state of Delhi in India to analyze how the tools of government were operated to govern during an escalating health crisis. It documents the unique policy and administrative practices that are driving the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the global South. In doing so, it points to the ways in which urban e-planning can foster transformative capacities to support local communities.
{"title":"Communicative Governance to Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"N. V. Mali, Srinivas Yerramsetti, A. Manoharan","doi":"10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA10","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging democracies are handicapped by systemic weaknesses such as inadequate healthcare safety nets, weak administrative capacities, and rigidly hierarchical bureaucracies and conflicts between levels of political leadership. The COVID-19 pandemic creates the urgent need for governments to overcome these structural limitations and facilitate responsive governance. This article uses the lens of communicative governance to describe how governments respond to the emerging health emergency and its challenges. It uses the case of the state of Delhi in India to analyze how the tools of government were operated to govern during an escalating health crisis. It documents the unique policy and administrative practices that are driving the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the global South. In doing so, it points to the ways in which urban e-planning can foster transformative capacities to support local communities.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48258285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA4
T. Scassa
This article surveys the rise of contact tracing technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and some of the privacy, ethical, and human rights issues they raise. It examines the relationship of these technologies to local public health initiatives, and how the privacy debate over these apps made the technology in some cases less responsive to public health agency needs. The article suggests that as countries enter the return to normal phase, the more important and more invasive contact tracing and disease surveillance technologies will be deployed at the local level in the context of employment, transit, retail services, and other activities. The smart city may be co-opted for COVID-19 surveillance, and individuals will experience tracking and monitoring as they go to work, shop, dine, and commute. The author questions whether the attention given to national contact tracing apps has overshadowed more local contexts where privacy, ethical, and human rights issues remain deeply important but relatively unexamined. This raises issues for city local governance and urban e-planning.
{"title":"COVID-19 Contact Tracing","authors":"T. Scassa","doi":"10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA4","url":null,"abstract":"This article surveys the rise of contact tracing technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and some of the privacy, ethical, and human rights issues they raise. It examines the relationship of these technologies to local public health initiatives, and how the privacy debate over these apps made the technology in some cases less responsive to public health agency needs. The article suggests that as countries enter the return to normal phase, the more important and more invasive contact tracing and disease surveillance technologies will be deployed at the local level in the context of employment, transit, retail services, and other activities. The smart city may be co-opted for COVID-19 surveillance, and individuals will experience tracking and monitoring as they go to work, shop, dine, and commute. The author questions whether the attention given to national contact tracing apps has overshadowed more local contexts where privacy, ethical, and human rights issues remain deeply important but relatively unexamined. This raises issues for city local governance and urban e-planning.","PeriodicalId":43769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of E-Planning Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4018/IJEPR.20210401.OA4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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