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INFLAMMATION, MENOPAUSE, AND WOMEN’S HEALTH: A RHEUMATOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE 炎症、更年期和妇女健康:风湿病学的观点
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.03
M. Prakashini
Inflammatory rheumatic disorders come with their plethora of complications including accelerated ovarian aging and the associated adversities which could be a consequence of disease itself or treatment with immunosuppressants. While aiming for treat-to-target in these patients, its effect on the ovaries takes a backseat. This review focusses on this underexplored avenue of effect of inflammation, inflamm-aging and the associated complications that come with early menopause, in the context of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs). Some autoimmune diseases like lupus have a major role of estrogen in their causation and tend to be less severe when the onset is after menopause, while in other inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), estrogen may have some anti-inflammatory potential. Inflamm-aging that is associated with the AIRDs also leads to early menopause and premature ovarian insufficiency in some patients, which adds-on to the morbidity and sometimes, mortality. With early ovarian aging and precipitous decline in circulating estrogen, there is accelerated reduction in the bone mass and early set-in of osteoporosis. Long-term steroids, on-going inflammation and RA itself are major risk factors. The high risk of detrimental fragility fractures in these patients with a consequential reduction in the quality of life with higher loss of disability adjusted life years (DALY) and poorer functional outcomes, contributes to long-term morbidity. While remission induction and maintenance are a major part of treatment, physicians should exercise a keen eye towards recognizing early menopause and its adversities and inculcate measures for osteo-protection and prevent adding on to the morbidity. Future prospects would include attempts at delaying ovarian aging by targeting mTOR/S6 kinase pathways and preservation of ovarian tissue.
炎症性风湿病伴随着大量的并发症,包括卵巢加速老化和相关的逆境,这可能是疾病本身或免疫抑制剂治疗的结果。虽然针对这些患者的目标是治疗,但它对卵巢的影响却处于次要地位。这篇综述的重点是在自身免疫性风湿性疾病(AIRDs)的背景下,炎症、炎症老化和早期绝经相关并发症的影响这一尚未被充分探索的途径。一些自身免疫性疾病,如狼疮,雌激素在其病因中起主要作用,并且在绝经后发病时往往不那么严重,而在其他炎症性关节炎,如类风湿关节炎(RA)中,雌激素可能具有一定的抗炎潜力。与AIRDs相关的炎症老化也会导致一些患者提前绝经和卵巢功能不全,这增加了发病率,有时甚至是死亡率。随着卵巢早期衰老和循环雌激素的急剧下降,骨量加速减少,骨质疏松症早期发病。长期使用类固醇、持续的炎症和类风湿性关节炎本身是主要的危险因素。这些患者发生易损性骨折的高风险,随之而来的是生活质量下降,残疾调整生命年损失(DALY)较高,功能预后较差,导致长期发病率。虽然缓解、诱导和维持是治疗的主要部分,但医生应该敏锐地认识到早期绝经及其不利因素,并灌输保护骨骼的措施,防止增加发病率。未来的前景将包括通过靶向mTOR/S6激酶途径和保存卵巢组织来延缓卵巢衰老的尝试。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISING ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN OLDER ADULTS 运动对老年人心理健康的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.06
İ. Coşkun Benlidayı
Exercising is an essential component of healthy aging. The benefits of exercise are numerous. There are certain benefits on physical performance. Exercise in older adults can increase endurance, improve balance and quality of life. The benefits of exercise are not limited to physical health. Psychological variables such as depressive mood and anxiety can also be modified by regular exercise. There are several types of exercise regimens. The most common exercise types tailored to older adults include aerobic training, strengthening, flexibility exercises and balance exercises. Specific exercises can be directed to individuals with certain health disorders. Exercising may mediate psychological health through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Improved sleep via exercise can further lead to an improvement in mood and cognition. The current article reviewed the recent literature regarding the effects of exercising on psychological well-being in older adults.
锻炼是健康老龄化的重要组成部分。锻炼的好处很多。对身体表现有一定的好处。老年人的锻炼可以增强耐力,改善平衡和生活质量。运动的好处不仅限于身体健康。抑郁情绪和焦虑等心理变量也可以通过定期锻炼来改善。有几种锻炼方法。为老年人量身定制的最常见的运动类型包括有氧训练、强化训练、柔韧性训练和平衡训练。特定的锻炼可以针对有某些健康障碍的个人。运动可能通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴介导心理健康。通过锻炼改善睡眠可以进一步改善情绪和认知。这篇文章回顾了最近关于锻炼对老年人心理健康影响的文献。
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引用次数: 1
SPA THERAPY: A GERIATRIC PERSPECTIVE 水疗疗法:老年视角
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.08
B. Koçyiğit
Spa therapy refers to the preventative, therapeutic, and rehabilitative use of thermo mineral waters, mud/peloid compresses, and natural gases. Applications are administered in sessions, and treatment regimens are determined in detail. Various modalities, such as exercise interventions, massage, phytotherapy, relaxation techniques, psychotherapy, nutrition, and electrotherapy, can be incorporated into the treatment process. Spa therapy has been effectively used to manage various diseases in many European countries, Japan, and Israel. Due to its natural structure, the difficulties in using drugs that frequently have side effects, and the limitations of many contemporary therapeutic alternatives, it is still a choice for treating a number of chronic conditions, especially rheumatic disorders. Furthermore, the global population is getting older. Considering the comorbidities, organ dysfunctions, and multiple drug use of elderly individuals, non-pharmacological treatment methods such as spa therapy have become more prominent. Spa therapy has been shown to be effective in treating osteoarthritis, balance problems, and chronic pain in older adults. Additionally, it might be chosen for managing psychiatric conditions and mood changes. Alterations in telomere lengths, reduced pain levels, increased cortisol concentrations, and an overall anti-inflammatory influence may mediate spa therapy’s anti-aging effect. Although opinions and assumptions support its anti-aging properties, more research is needed to prove its biological effects.
温泉疗法指的是使用热矿泉水、泥浆/球体压缩和天然气进行预防、治疗和康复。应用程序在会议中进行管理,并详细确定治疗方案。各种方式,如运动干预、按摩、植物疗法、放松技术、心理治疗、营养和电疗,都可以纳入治疗过程。在许多欧洲国家、日本和以色列,水疗疗法被有效地用于治疗各种疾病。由于其天然结构,使用药物的困难,经常有副作用,以及许多当代治疗方案的局限性,它仍然是治疗许多慢性疾病的选择,特别是风湿病。此外,全球人口正在老龄化。考虑到老年人的合并症、脏器功能障碍、多重用药等因素,水疗等非药物治疗方法更加突出。水疗疗法已被证明对治疗骨关节炎、平衡问题和老年人慢性疼痛有效。此外,它可能被用于治疗精神疾病和情绪变化。端粒长度的改变、疼痛程度的降低、皮质醇浓度的增加和整体的抗炎影响可能介导spa疗法的抗衰老效果。虽然有观点和假设支持它的抗衰老特性,但需要更多的研究来证明它的生物学效应。
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引用次数: 1
BODY IMAGE IN AGING 衰老中的身体形象
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.04
Emine Koçyiğit
Body image relates to how individuals perceive and feel about their bodies. Research on body image in men, women, and adolescents has increased substantially in the past two decades. Body image, determined by various instruments, is classified as either negative or positive. A positive body image implies that the body is seen accurately and that the individual is delighted with their physical appearance. Negative body images are characterized by inaccurate perceptions of all or a part of the body and uncomfortable feelings associated with them. Negative body image has been linked to eating disorders and mental disorders. The media, social pressures, cultural norms, age, gender, level of education, and an individual’s opinion of beauty all influence his or her body image perception. Studies in this area have been predominantly conducted with a focus on the association between eating disorders and dissatisfaction with body image in adolescents and young women. However, there is a growing interest in studying how body image functions and how it corresponds with psychological well-being across a lifetime in various demographic groups, especially among older adults. In this review, the life-altering body image satisfaction of men and women, as well as associated problems, were examined. The relationship between body dissatisfaction across ages, confounded by obesity, eating disorders, low physical activity, age-related reduction in sexual activity, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors has been investigated.
身体形象与个人如何感知和感受自己的身体有关。在过去的二十年里,对男性、女性和青少年身体形象的研究有了实质性的增长。身体形象,由各种仪器确定,分为消极或积极。积极的身体形象意味着身体被准确地看到,个人对自己的外表感到满意。负面的身体形象的特点是对身体的全部或部分的不准确的感知,以及与之相关的不舒服的感觉。负面的身体形象与饮食失调和精神障碍有关。媒体、社会压力、文化规范、年龄、性别、受教育程度以及个人对美的看法都会影响他或她的身体形象感知。这方面的研究主要集中在青少年和年轻女性饮食失调和对身体形象不满意之间的关系。然而,在不同的人口群体中,尤其是老年人中,人们对身体形象如何发挥作用以及它如何与一生中的心理健康相对应的研究越来越感兴趣。在这篇综述中,研究了男性和女性改变生活的身体形象满意度,以及相关问题。对不同年龄的身体不满意之间的关系,包括肥胖、饮食失调、低体力活动、与年龄相关的性活动减少以及不健康的生活方式行为,已经进行了调查。
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引用次数: 0
FEMALE HEALTH AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的女性健康
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.02
Y. Fedorchenko
As COVID-19 morbidity rates continue to increase tremendously across the world, it has a profound effect on female health. The available data suggest that men demonstrate greater disease severity and/or mortality than women in the middle-aged group, however, these differences seem not to be preserved in the elderly patients. Clinicians should consider gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic management. The severity of COVID-19 viral infection is tightly linked with cytokine balance which is inevitably influenced by hormonal changes. Lack of estrogens during the ageing process in women poses a significant threat during the acute phase as well as in the sequel, which may result in autoimmunity or long-term complications. Research on female ageing amid the COVID-19 pandemic is urgently needed to alleviate immune dysfunction in these patients, define best practices, and develop health promotion strategies.
随着COVID-19在世界各地的发病率继续大幅上升,它对女性健康产生了深远影响。现有的数据表明,在中年组中,男性比女性表现出更大的疾病严重程度和/或死亡率,然而,这些差异似乎在老年患者中并不保留。临床医生应考虑诊断和治疗管理中的性别差异。COVID-19病毒感染的严重程度与细胞因子平衡密切相关,而细胞因子平衡不可避免地受到激素变化的影响。妇女在衰老过程中缺乏雌激素,在急性期及其后续阶段构成重大威胁,可能导致自身免疫或长期并发症。迫切需要研究COVID-19大流行期间的女性衰老,以减轻这些患者的免疫功能障碍,确定最佳做法,并制定健康促进策略。
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引用次数: 0
PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE TIME OF CRISIS 危机时刻的心理干预
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.01
Oleksii Bashkirtsev, O. Zimba, A. Gasparyan
Psychological interventions may improve patients’ motivation and adherence to various therapies, including those alleviating pain, depression, and fatigue. Evaluating patients’ psychological status and choosing the most appropriate intervention may improve combined treatment outcomes, particularly in the elderly and other vulnerable groups. Exposure to psychotraumatic events such as violence, torture, and limb amputation should be appropriately assessed to choose a psychotherapy method. Narrative exposure therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy are commonly used psychological interventions with variable level of evidence. Training first-contact health professionals and psychologists to use the most efficient evidence-based psychological interventions is thus becoming critical at the current stage.
心理干预可以提高患者对各种治疗的动机和依从性,包括减轻疼痛、抑郁和疲劳的治疗。评估患者的心理状态并选择最合适的干预措施可以改善综合治疗效果,特别是在老年人和其他弱势群体中。暴露于精神创伤事件,如暴力、酷刑和截肢,应适当评估,以选择心理治疗方法。叙事暴露疗法和认知行为疗法是常用的心理干预手段,证据水平不一。因此,在当前阶段,培训初次接触的保健专业人员和心理学家使用最有效的循证心理干预措施变得至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
GET PHYSICALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHIER BY EXERCISING! 通过锻炼让身体和心理更健康!
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.12
I. Benlidayı
GET PHYSICALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHIER BY EXERCISING!
通过锻炼让身体和心理更健康!
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引用次数: 0
TELEREHABILITATION AFTER HIP-FRACTURE SURGERY 髋部骨折手术后的远程康复
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.09
S. Aykan, G. Akyuz
Hip fracture is one of the most common fractures among the elderly population with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The annual incidence of hip fractures is predicted to be increased by around 16 times by the year 2050. Due to the high cost of traditional rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery and the effect of pandemics, telerehabilitation after hip fracture is gaining more importance in recent years. This review is designed to examine the importance and progress of telerehabilitation after hip fracture surgery. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for English-language sources were searched from their inception using the keywords telerehabilitation and hip fracture between January 2014 and January 2023. The literature search resulted in 29 non-duplicate records and 8 of them were eligible and were included in this review. Telerehabilitation is a feasible, safe, and effective rehabilitation method after hip fracture surgery. However, the ability of elderly patients and their caregivers to use technology and apply what they see seems to be a big disadvantage. The literature lacks long-term studies with larger patient groups.
髋部骨折是老年人最常见的骨折之一,具有较高的死亡率和发病率。预计到2050年,髋部骨折的年发病率将增加约16倍。近年来,由于传统的髋部骨折术后康复费用高,以及流行病的影响,髋部骨折后远程康复越来越受到重视。本综述旨在探讨髋部骨折术后远程康复的重要性和进展。在2014年1月至2023年1月期间,使用远程康复和髋部骨折的关键词对PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus和Web of Science的英文来源进行检索。文献检索得到29条无重复记录,其中8条符合条件,纳入本综述。远程康复是髋部骨折术后一种可行、安全、有效的康复方法。然而,老年患者和他们的护理人员使用技术和应用他们所看到的东西的能力似乎是一个很大的劣势。文献缺乏对更大患者群体的长期研究。
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引用次数: 0
EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS IN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE AGING IMMUNE SYSTEM 衰老免疫系统中基因表达的表观遗传改变
Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2023.2.1.05
Dimitrina Miteva, T. Velikova
Immunosenescence or aging of the immune system is characterized by dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune system mechanisms, associated with a systemic low-grade inflammation (i.e., «inflammaging»), non-effective protective humoral and cellular immune responses to a microorgamis or vaccine, autoimmunity, and cancer. In addition, genetic dysregulation and alterations across the immune system drive the cellular manifestations of immunosenescence. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in immunosenescence research concerning epigenetics alterations in gene regulation and disturbances in gene expression in the aging immune system, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs.
免疫系统的免疫衰老或老化以先天和适应性免疫系统机制失调为特征,与系统性低度炎症(即“炎症”)、对微生物或疫苗的无效保护性体液和细胞免疫反应、自身免疫和癌症有关。此外,整个免疫系统的遗传失调和改变驱动免疫衰老的细胞表现。在这篇叙述性综述中,我们概述了免疫衰老研究的最新进展,包括衰老免疫系统中基因调控的表观遗传学改变和基因表达的紊乱,重点是DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和microRNAs。
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引用次数: 2
CAN MANUAL THERAPY AND MASSAGE BE USED AS COMPLEMENTARY METHODS FOR FEMALE INFERTILITY IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS? 手法治疗和按摩是否可以作为不同年龄段女性不孕症的补充方法?
Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.56543/aaeeu.2022.1.2.06
Burhan Fatih Koçyiğit
Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse, and about one in six couples deal with this issue. Nearly half of the factors contributing to a couple’s infertility are female-related, and the underlying cause is variable. Many treatment options can be used depending on the underlying cause of infertility. The available treatments often include in vitro fertilization, intrauterine insemination, and fertility-inducing drugs. Numerous couples favor complementary medicine alongside conventional treatments to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. Manual therapy and massage are among these complementary treatment approaches. Manual therapy is defined in various ways. One of them is manipulating and mobilizing soft tissue structures and related joints using the hands. Manual therapy can alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, prevent contracture formation, manage existing contractures, increase range of motion, aid mobilization, and improve overall health. It contains a variety of massage treatments, stretching, and mobilization applications. Manual therapy and massage can be administered to manage various disorders, from pediatric to geriatric populations. These are safe interventions. Manual therapy and massage have beneficial effects on the management of female infertility. These methods reduce adhesions and mobilize organs in the pelvic region. They have positive effects on circulatory system disorders, including lymphatic drainage abnormalities. Overcoming reproductive system lymphatic drainage and circulation difficulties can result in balanced hormone levels, regular menstrual cycles, and pregnancies. In addition, manual therapy and massage improve the psychological state of individuals in a way that will benefit the management of female infertility.
不孕症是在无保护的性交一年后无法怀孕,大约六分之一的夫妇会遇到这个问题。导致夫妇不孕的因素中,近一半与女性有关,潜在的原因是多种多样的。根据不孕症的潜在原因,可以使用许多治疗方案。现有的治疗方法通常包括体外受精、宫内人工授精和生育诱导药物。许多夫妇喜欢在常规治疗的同时补充药物,以提高治疗效果并减少副作用。手工疗法和按摩是这些辅助治疗方法之一。手工疗法有多种定义。其中之一是用手操纵和移动软组织结构和相关关节。手工治疗可以减轻疼痛,减少炎症,防止挛缩形成,管理现有的挛缩,增加活动范围,帮助活动,并改善整体健康状况。它包含各种按摩治疗,拉伸和动员应用。手工疗法和按摩可以管理各种疾病,从儿科到老年人群。这些都是安全的干预措施。手工疗法和按摩对女性不孕症的治疗有有益的效果。这些方法减少粘连和调动器官在盆腔区域。它们对循环系统疾病有积极作用,包括淋巴排水异常。克服生殖系统淋巴引流和循环困难可以导致平衡的激素水平,规律的月经周期和怀孕。此外,手工疗法和按摩可以改善个体的心理状态,从而有利于女性不孕症的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
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Anti-Aging Eastern Europe
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