Wind energy is the most efficient and advanced form of renewable energy (RE) in recent decades, and an effective controller is required to regulate the power generated by wind energy. This study provides an overview of state-of-the-art control strategies for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Studies on the pitch angle controller, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, the machine side controller (MSC), and the grid side controller (GSC) are reviewed and discussed. Related works are analyzed, including evolution, software used, input and output parameters, specifications, merits, and limitations of different control techniques. The analysis shows that better performance can be obtained by the adaptive and soft-computing based pitch angle controller and MPPT controller, the field-oriented control for MSC, and the voltage-oriented control for GSC. This study provides an appropriate benchmark for further wind energy research.
{"title":"A Review of Control Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion System","authors":"Saibal Manna, Deepak Kumar Singh, Ashok Kumar Akella","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.9051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.9051","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy is the most efficient and advanced form of renewable energy (RE) in recent decades, and an effective controller is required to regulate the power generated by wind energy. This study provides an overview of state-of-the-art control strategies for wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Studies on the pitch angle controller, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller, the machine side controller (MSC), and the grid side controller (GSC) are reviewed and discussed. Related works are analyzed, including evolution, software used, input and output parameters, specifications, merits, and limitations of different control techniques. The analysis shows that better performance can be obtained by the adaptive and soft-computing based pitch angle controller and MPPT controller, the field-oriented control for MSC, and the voltage-oriented control for GSC. This study provides an appropriate benchmark for further wind energy research.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48098339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9741
Maitrik Shah, Beena Baloni, Salim Channiwala
A proper design of centrifugal pumps reduces power loss and improves efficiency. This study aims to investigate and analyze the effect of different volute collector configurations on centrifugal pump performance. Locations of losses are detected using the entropy production rate, whereas the number of losses is evaluated using user-defined codes. Three volute collectors are selected based on their connections with standard pipes. A steady flow numerical analysis is performed to determine the performance parameters of the centrifugal pump and select a modified volute collector design. Comparing the results of experiments on the base and modified volute collectors confirmed that the proper design of the volute collector can help reduce the secondary flow losses at subsequent locations, which reduces the entropy production and losses. As compared to the base pump, the modified volute collector improved the pump efficiency by 3% at the duty flow.
{"title":"Effect of Volute Collector on the Performance of Centrifugal Pump Based on Entropy Generation Analysis","authors":"Maitrik Shah, Beena Baloni, Salim Channiwala","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9741","url":null,"abstract":"A proper design of centrifugal pumps reduces power loss and improves efficiency. This study aims to investigate and analyze the effect of different volute collector configurations on centrifugal pump performance. Locations of losses are detected using the entropy production rate, whereas the number of losses is evaluated using user-defined codes. Three volute collectors are selected based on their connections with standard pipes. A steady flow numerical analysis is performed to determine the performance parameters of the centrifugal pump and select a modified volute collector design. Comparing the results of experiments on the base and modified volute collectors confirmed that the proper design of the volute collector can help reduce the secondary flow losses at subsequent locations, which reduces the entropy production and losses. As compared to the base pump, the modified volute collector improved the pump efficiency by 3% at the duty flow.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45156230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9118
N. Shidore, M. Raghavan
This study aims to evaluate a novel starting mechanism (planetary starter) to crank the engine of a hybrid electric vehicle for a flying start maneuver. The study describes the P2 architecture and the planetary starter mechanism. The disturbance during engine crank and driveline engagement is a vital drive quality metric for a P2 vehicle. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is developed to reject the disturbance. The main results of the vehicle acceleration (disturbance) with and without the controller are compared. The results indicate that the planetary starter can crank the engine, and the closed-loop controller can effectively reject the active disturbances during the engine crank event.
{"title":"A Novel Engine Start Mechanism for an Electrified Powertrain","authors":"N. Shidore, M. Raghavan","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9118","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate a novel starting mechanism (planetary starter) to crank the engine of a hybrid electric vehicle for a flying start maneuver. The study describes the P2 architecture and the planetary starter mechanism. The disturbance during engine crank and driveline engagement is a vital drive quality metric for a P2 vehicle. A linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is developed to reject the disturbance. The main results of the vehicle acceleration (disturbance) with and without the controller are compared. The results indicate that the planetary starter can crank the engine, and the closed-loop controller can effectively reject the active disturbances during the engine crank event.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-27DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.8546
Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, Kamaldeep Kaur
The objective of this study is to propose a hybrid model based on self-organized maps (SOM) and fuzzy time series (FTS) for predicting the reliability of software systems. The proposed SOM-FTS model is compared with eleven traditional machine learning-based models. The problem of selecting a suitable software reliability prediction model is represented as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Twelve software reliability prediction models, including the proposed SOM-FTS model, are evaluated using three MCDM methods, four performance measures, and three software failure datasets. The results show that the proposed SOM-FTS model is the most suitable model among the twelve software reliability prediction models on the basis of MCDM ranking.
{"title":"SOM-FTS: A Hybrid Model for Software Reliability Prediction and MCDM-Based Evaluation","authors":"Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, Kamaldeep Kaur","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.8546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.8546","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to propose a hybrid model based on self-organized maps (SOM) and fuzzy time series (FTS) for predicting the reliability of software systems. The proposed SOM-FTS model is compared with eleven traditional machine learning-based models. The problem of selecting a suitable software reliability prediction model is represented as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Twelve software reliability prediction models, including the proposed SOM-FTS model, are evaluated using three MCDM methods, four performance measures, and three software failure datasets. The results show that the proposed SOM-FTS model is the most suitable model among the twelve software reliability prediction models on the basis of MCDM ranking.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9601
M. Kopp, A. Kopp
The objective of this study aims at using the Matlab-Simulink environment and the LabVIEW software environment to build computer models of a six-dimensional (6D) chaotic dynamic system. For the fixed system’s parameters, the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the Kaplan-York dimension are calculated. The presence of two positive Lyapunov exponents demonstrates the hyperchaotic behavior of the system. The fractional Kaplan-York dimension indicates the fractal structure of strange attractors. An active control method is extended to achieve global chaotic synchronization of two identical novel 6D chaotic systems with unknown system parameters. Based on the results obtained in Matlab-Simulink and LabVIEW models, a chaotic signal generator for the 6D chaotic system is implemented in the MultiSim environment. The experimental results show that the chaotic behavior simulation in the MultiSim environment is similar to those in the Matlab-Simulink and LabVIEW models. The simulation results demonstrate that the Pecora-Carroll method is a simple way of chaotic masking and signal decoding.
{"title":"A New 6D Chaotic Generator: Computer Modelling and Circuit Design","authors":"M. Kopp, A. Kopp","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9601","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study aims at using the Matlab-Simulink environment and the LabVIEW software environment to build computer models of a six-dimensional (6D) chaotic dynamic system. For the fixed system’s parameters, the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the Kaplan-York dimension are calculated. The presence of two positive Lyapunov exponents demonstrates the hyperchaotic behavior of the system. The fractional Kaplan-York dimension indicates the fractal structure of strange attractors. An active control method is extended to achieve global chaotic synchronization of two identical novel 6D chaotic systems with unknown system parameters. Based on the results obtained in Matlab-Simulink and LabVIEW models, a chaotic signal generator for the 6D chaotic system is implemented in the MultiSim environment. The experimental results show that the chaotic behavior simulation in the MultiSim environment is similar to those in the Matlab-Simulink and LabVIEW models. The simulation results demonstrate that the Pecora-Carroll method is a simple way of chaotic masking and signal decoding.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9568
V. Zinurov, V. Kharkov, E. Pankratov, A. Dmitriev
Centrifugal air classifiers are one of the most used separation devices in particle technology. The study aims to obtain a detailed description of the bulk material classification mechanism in the developed centrifugal classifier. The classifier design and the mechanism of the stable vortex structure formation in the inter-tube space of the device are described. Velocities within and between the vortices are studied to identify regions with inverse flows, which serve as transport channels for particles. The computational fluid dynamics modeling results indicate three channels with negative or near-zero axial velocities: between the vortices, near the outer wall of the internal tube, and the inner wall of the external tube. The selectivity of the device decreases when transport channels are disrupted due to flow mixing, which is caused by the height shifting of the vortex centers.
{"title":"Numerical Study of Vortex Flow in a Classifier with Coaxial Tubes","authors":"V. Zinurov, V. Kharkov, E. Pankratov, A. Dmitriev","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9568","url":null,"abstract":"Centrifugal air classifiers are one of the most used separation devices in particle technology. The study aims to obtain a detailed description of the bulk material classification mechanism in the developed centrifugal classifier. The classifier design and the mechanism of the stable vortex structure formation in the inter-tube space of the device are described. Velocities within and between the vortices are studied to identify regions with inverse flows, which serve as transport channels for particles. The computational fluid dynamics modeling results indicate three channels with negative or near-zero axial velocities: between the vortices, near the outer wall of the internal tube, and the inner wall of the external tube. The selectivity of the device decreases when transport channels are disrupted due to flow mixing, which is caused by the height shifting of the vortex centers.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46467030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9735
M. Moshtaghzadeh, M. Aligoodarz
To achieve the highest energy level from a wind turbine, the prediction of its performance is essential. This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of different airfoils, which are frequently used in wind farms. The computational fluid dynamics method based on the finite-volume approach is utilized, and a steady-state flow with the transition regime is considered in this study. A developed artificial neural network is used to reduce the computational time. The results indicates that the trained algorithm could accurately predict the airfoil efficiency with less than 2% error on the training set and fewer than 3% error on the test set. The results agree with the experimental results; this analysis accurately predicts wind turbine performance by selecting the blade’s airfoil. This study provides a reference for a broader range of using these airfoils in wind farms.
{"title":"Prediction of Wind Turbine Airfoil Performance Using Artificial Neural Network and CFD Approaches","authors":"M. Moshtaghzadeh, M. Aligoodarz","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9735","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve the highest energy level from a wind turbine, the prediction of its performance is essential. This study investigates the aerodynamic performance of different airfoils, which are frequently used in wind farms. The computational fluid dynamics method based on the finite-volume approach is utilized, and a steady-state flow with the transition regime is considered in this study. A developed artificial neural network is used to reduce the computational time. The results indicates that the trained algorithm could accurately predict the airfoil efficiency with less than 2% error on the training set and fewer than 3% error on the test set. The results agree with the experimental results; this analysis accurately predicts wind turbine performance by selecting the blade’s airfoil. This study provides a reference for a broader range of using these airfoils in wind farms.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46420464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.8230
Saksit Summart, Supawadee Sirithai, Bongkan Vaisopha, A. Jantakun
This article presents a current-mode biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator circuit based on current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). The proposed circuit does not require changing the circuit topology. In addition to the low-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-pass filter, and sinusoidal quadrature signal, the proposed circuit has a pole frequency that can be controlled independently from the quality factor, while the oscillation frequency can be controlled non-interactively. The circuit impedance with high output can directly drive the load without using a current buffer. Furthermore, grounded capacitors can function without the use of external resistors. This qualification is ideal for the future development of integrated circuits (ICs). After the PSPICE simulation with 90 nm CMOS parameters and the experiments by commercial ICs, the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis of the proposed circuit.
{"title":"Electronically Controlled Biquadratic Filter and Quadrature Oscillator Using CDTAs","authors":"Saksit Summart, Supawadee Sirithai, Bongkan Vaisopha, A. Jantakun","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.8230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.8230","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a current-mode biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator circuit based on current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). The proposed circuit does not require changing the circuit topology. In addition to the low-pass filter, high-pass filter, band-pass filter, and sinusoidal quadrature signal, the proposed circuit has a pole frequency that can be controlled independently from the quality factor, while the oscillation frequency can be controlled non-interactively. The circuit impedance with high output can directly drive the load without using a current buffer. Furthermore, grounded capacitors can function without the use of external resistors. This qualification is ideal for the future development of integrated circuits (ICs). After the PSPICE simulation with 90 nm CMOS parameters and the experiments by commercial ICs, the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis of the proposed circuit.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44381162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-12DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9086
Lyes Chalah, A. Talah, Y. Ghernouti
This study aims to assess the effect of sodium chloride attack on the mechanical and durability properties of high-performance concrete (HPC) based on fibers and natural pozzolans. The resistance of specimens against chemical attack is determined by the unit weight, compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, chloride ion permeability, apparent gas permeability, and visual inspection after 28, 90, 180, and 365 days of testing. A total of three types of concrete are assessed: reference concrete (RC), HPC, and high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) stored in tap water and aggressive water (i.e., a 10% NaCl solution). The test results demonstrate that the presence of fibers negatively affects the permeability of HPC. However, HPC and HPFRC remain stable and are not influenced by the NaCl solution compared to RC. The natural pozzolans attenuate the side effect of fibers by occupying voids (i.e., the filler effect) and generating denser products (i.e., the pozzolanic reaction) in the cement matrix.
{"title":"Mechanical and Durability Properties of High-Performance Concrete Incorporating Fibers and Algerian Natural Pozzolans in Chloride Attack","authors":"Lyes Chalah, A. Talah, Y. Ghernouti","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9086","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the effect of sodium chloride attack on the mechanical and durability properties of high-performance concrete (HPC) based on fibers and natural pozzolans. The resistance of specimens against chemical attack is determined by the unit weight, compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, chloride ion permeability, apparent gas permeability, and visual inspection after 28, 90, 180, and 365 days of testing. A total of three types of concrete are assessed: reference concrete (RC), HPC, and high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) stored in tap water and aggressive water (i.e., a 10% NaCl solution). The test results demonstrate that the presence of fibers negatively affects the permeability of HPC. However, HPC and HPFRC remain stable and are not influenced by the NaCl solution compared to RC. The natural pozzolans attenuate the side effect of fibers by occupying voids (i.e., the filler effect) and generating denser products (i.e., the pozzolanic reaction) in the cement matrix.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46539259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2022.9151
Chaoquan Ou, K. Ting, Nien-Tsung Lee, Wu-Chiao Shih
Field inspection is a traditional way to detect the problem of shaft imbalance or abnormal vibration in a ship propulsion system; however, the ship cannot execute any tasks or activities during calibration. This study develops a human-machine monitoring interface (HMMI) to estimate vibration abnormalities and implement an intelligent active balance correction to the propulsion system online. In this study, Arduino IDE, InduSoft, and LabVIEW are used to create a function monitored by HMMI. By comparing the abnormal vibration amplification of the moment of inertia, HMMI calculates the correct mass to reduce the vibration. The experimental results show that, after HMMI carries out continuous active balance correction online, the correction rate achieves 105.37%. This indicates that HMMI can calculate the amount of imbalance and phase angles and drive a counterweight to the correct balance position while the device is still operating.
{"title":"Intelligent Correction and Monitoring of Ship Propulsion Rotary Device Vibration","authors":"Chaoquan Ou, K. Ting, Nien-Tsung Lee, Wu-Chiao Shih","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2022.9151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2022.9151","url":null,"abstract":"Field inspection is a traditional way to detect the problem of shaft imbalance or abnormal vibration in a ship propulsion system; however, the ship cannot execute any tasks or activities during calibration. This study develops a human-machine monitoring interface (HMMI) to estimate vibration abnormalities and implement an intelligent active balance correction to the propulsion system online. In this study, Arduino IDE, InduSoft, and LabVIEW are used to create a function monitored by HMMI. By comparing the abnormal vibration amplification of the moment of inertia, HMMI calculates the correct mass to reduce the vibration. The experimental results show that, after HMMI carries out continuous active balance correction online, the correction rate achieves 105.37%. This indicates that HMMI can calculate the amount of imbalance and phase angles and drive a counterweight to the correct balance position while the device is still operating.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47209232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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