Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11936
None Muhammad Syamsul Imran Zaini, None Muzamir Hasan
The study aims to investigate the properties of kaolinitic clay using silica fume, eggshell ash, and lime. The experiment employs varying amounts of silica fume (2%, 4%, and 6%), eggshell ash, lime (3%, 6%, and 9%), and combinations of silica fume, eggshell ash, and lime, which are cured for 1, 7, 14, and 30 days. The investigated properties of the soils include the improvement of Atterberg limits, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), specific gravity, compressive strength, morphology characteristics, and chemical compositions. The results reveal that the optimal application of these materials can be achieved at 6% silica fume, 6% eggshell ash, and 9% lime mixture into the soils and increase the shear strength by as much as 88.74% at 30 days of curing.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Silica Fume Eggshell Ash and Lime Use on the Properties of Kaolinitic Clay","authors":"None Muhammad Syamsul Imran Zaini, None Muzamir Hasan","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11936","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to investigate the properties of kaolinitic clay using silica fume, eggshell ash, and lime. The experiment employs varying amounts of silica fume (2%, 4%, and 6%), eggshell ash, lime (3%, 6%, and 9%), and combinations of silica fume, eggshell ash, and lime, which are cured for 1, 7, 14, and 30 days. The investigated properties of the soils include the improvement of Atterberg limits, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), specific gravity, compressive strength, morphology characteristics, and chemical compositions. The results reveal that the optimal application of these materials can be achieved at 6% silica fume, 6% eggshell ash, and 9% lime mixture into the soils and increase the shear strength by as much as 88.74% at 30 days of curing.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11975
None Shingchern D. You, None Kai-Rong Lin, None Chien-Hung Liu
This paper proposes an approach called block scaling quality (BSQ) for estimating the prediction accuracy of a deep network model. The basic operation perturbs the input spectrogram by multiplying all values within a block by , where is equal to 0 in the experiments. The ratio of perturbed spectrograms that have different prediction labels than the original spectrogram to the total number of perturbed spectrograms indicates how much of the spectrogram is crucial for the prediction. Thus, this ratio is inversely correlated with the accuracy of the dataset. The BSQ approach demonstrates satisfactory estimation accuracy in experiments when compared with various other approaches. When using only the Jamendo and FMA datasets, the estimation accuracy experiences an average error of 4.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Moreover, the BSQ approach holds advantages over some of the comparison counterparts. Overall, it presents a promising approach for estimating the accuracy of a deep network model.
{"title":"Estimating Classification Accuracy for Unlabeled Datasets Based on Block Scaling","authors":"None Shingchern D. You, None Kai-Rong Lin, None Chien-Hung Liu","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11975","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an approach called block scaling quality (BSQ) for estimating the prediction accuracy of a deep network model. The basic operation perturbs the input spectrogram by multiplying all values within a block by , where is equal to 0 in the experiments. The ratio of perturbed spectrograms that have different prediction labels than the original spectrogram to the total number of perturbed spectrograms indicates how much of the spectrogram is crucial for the prediction. Thus, this ratio is inversely correlated with the accuracy of the dataset. The BSQ approach demonstrates satisfactory estimation accuracy in experiments when compared with various other approaches. When using only the Jamendo and FMA datasets, the estimation accuracy experiences an average error of 4.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Moreover, the BSQ approach holds advantages over some of the comparison counterparts. Overall, it presents a promising approach for estimating the accuracy of a deep network model.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive rods with an air background lattice act as the building blocks for the photonic crystal structure used of a biosensor. The study presents a biosensor of a two-rod nano-cavity for identifying distinct stages of plasmodium falciparum in red blood cells (RBCs) in the early detection of malaria. The proposed biosensor enables the creation of a label-free biosensing environment in which optical and dispersion properties are investigated using plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. The biosensor, with a sensing region for an analyte, is utilized to detect a change in refractive index to differentiate between normal RBCs and plasmodium falciparum-infected cells. The results show that the biosensor has a high sensitivity of 798.143 nm/RIU, a high Q-factor of 9881.926, a low detection limit (δ) of 222.4 × 10-6 RIU, a high FOM of 4496.079 RIU-1, and a compact area of 46.14 µm2.
{"title":"A 2D GaAs-Based Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Malaria Detection","authors":"None Manjunatha N, None Sarika Raga, None Sanjay Kumar Gowre, None Hameed Miyan","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11660","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive rods with an air background lattice act as the building blocks for the photonic crystal structure used of a biosensor. The study presents a biosensor of a two-rod nano-cavity for identifying distinct stages of plasmodium falciparum in red blood cells (RBCs) in the early detection of malaria. The proposed biosensor enables the creation of a label-free biosensing environment in which optical and dispersion properties are investigated using plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. The biosensor, with a sensing region for an analyte, is utilized to detect a change in refractive index to differentiate between normal RBCs and plasmodium falciparum-infected cells. The results show that the biosensor has a high sensitivity of 798.143 nm/RIU, a high Q-factor of 9881.926, a low detection limit (δ) of 222.4 × 10-6 RIU, a high FOM of 4496.079 RIU-1, and a compact area of 46.14 µm2.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135386509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11837
None Ajay Kumar, None Kamaldeep Kaur
Early detection of diabetes is crucial because of its incurable nature. Several diabetes prediction models have been developed using machine learning techniques (MLTs). The performance of MLTs varies for different accuracy measures. Thus, selecting appropriate MLTs for diabetes prediction is challenging. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based framework for evaluating MLTs applied to diabetes prediction. Initially, three MCDM methods—WSM, TOPSIS, and VIKOR—are used to determine the individual ranks of MLTs for diabetes prediction performance by using various comparable performance measures (PMs). Next, a fusion approach is used to determine the final rank of the MLTs. The proposed method is validated by assessing the performance of 10 MLTs on the Pima Indian diabetes dataset using eight evaluation metrics for diabetes prediction. Based on the final MCDM rankings, logistic regression is recommended for diabetes prediction modeling.
{"title":"A Novel MCDM-Based Framework to Recommend Machine Learning Techniques for Diabetes Prediction","authors":"None Ajay Kumar, None Kamaldeep Kaur","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11837","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of diabetes is crucial because of its incurable nature. Several diabetes prediction models have been developed using machine learning techniques (MLTs). The performance of MLTs varies for different accuracy measures. Thus, selecting appropriate MLTs for diabetes prediction is challenging. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based framework for evaluating MLTs applied to diabetes prediction. Initially, three MCDM methods—WSM, TOPSIS, and VIKOR—are used to determine the individual ranks of MLTs for diabetes prediction performance by using various comparable performance measures (PMs). Next, a fusion approach is used to determine the final rank of the MLTs. The proposed method is validated by assessing the performance of 10 MLTs on the Pima Indian diabetes dataset using eight evaluation metrics for diabetes prediction. Based on the final MCDM rankings, logistic regression is recommended for diabetes prediction modeling.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136238663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11165
Ming-Sen Hu, Wei-Kuo Soong, Pei-Hua Tan
This paper proposes a real-time flag alarm system that can monitor air quality and automatically plant colored flags to inform the people in the barracks. This system automatically measures the local PM 2.5 concentrations with PM sensors; and automatically measures the temperature and humidity with temperature and humidity sensors, then converts the measured values into the grades of danger coefficients and the grades of AQI to plant or replace flags by automatic control. The danger coefficient grades are represented by four colored flags, namely, green, blue, yellow, and red; meanwhile, the AQI grades are represented by six colored flags, namely, green, yellow, orange, red, purple, and maroon. Moreover, this system displays all measured data and related information with electronic billboards to provide a reference for people participating in outdoor activities.
{"title":"Research and Development of Environmental Monitoring Alarm and Automatic Flag Control System for Barracks","authors":"Ming-Sen Hu, Wei-Kuo Soong, Pei-Hua Tan","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11165","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a real-time flag alarm system that can monitor air quality and automatically plant colored flags to inform the people in the barracks. This system automatically measures the local PM 2.5 concentrations with PM sensors; and automatically measures the temperature and humidity with temperature and humidity sensors, then converts the measured values into the grades of danger coefficients and the grades of AQI to plant or replace flags by automatic control. The danger coefficient grades are represented by four colored flags, namely, green, blue, yellow, and red; meanwhile, the AQI grades are represented by six colored flags, namely, green, yellow, orange, red, purple, and maroon. Moreover, this system displays all measured data and related information with electronic billboards to provide a reference for people participating in outdoor activities.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11510
Amit Pimpalkar, Jeberson Retna Raj
Sentiment analysis (SA) has become an essential component of natural language processing (NLP) with numerous practical applications to understanding “what other people think”. Various techniques have been developed to tackle SA using deep learning (DL); however, current research lacks comprehensive strategies incorporating multiple-word embeddings. This study proposes a self-attention mechanism that leverages DL and involves the contextual integration of word embedding with a time-dispersed bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU). This work employs word embedding approaches GloVe, word2vec, and fastText to achieve better predictive capabilities. By integrating these techniques, the study aims to improve the classifier’s capability to precisely analyze and categorize sentiments in textual data from the domain of movies. The investigation seeks to enhance the classifier’s performance in NLP tasks by addressing the challenges of underfitting and overfitting in DL. To evaluate the model’s effectiveness, an openly available IMDb dataset was utilized, achieving a remarkable testing accuracy of 99.70%.
{"title":"A Bi-Directional GRU Architecture for the Self-Attention Mechanism: An Adaptable, Multi-Layered Approach with Blend of Word Embedding","authors":"Amit Pimpalkar, Jeberson Retna Raj","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11510","url":null,"abstract":"Sentiment analysis (SA) has become an essential component of natural language processing (NLP) with numerous practical applications to understanding “what other people think”. Various techniques have been developed to tackle SA using deep learning (DL); however, current research lacks comprehensive strategies incorporating multiple-word embeddings. This study proposes a self-attention mechanism that leverages DL and involves the contextual integration of word embedding with a time-dispersed bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU). This work employs word embedding approaches GloVe, word2vec, and fastText to achieve better predictive capabilities. By integrating these techniques, the study aims to improve the classifier’s capability to precisely analyze and categorize sentiments in textual data from the domain of movies. The investigation seeks to enhance the classifier’s performance in NLP tasks by addressing the challenges of underfitting and overfitting in DL. To evaluate the model’s effectiveness, an openly available IMDb dataset was utilized, achieving a remarkable testing accuracy of 99.70%.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42854205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11380
Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Haslin Idayu Amaruddin, Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman, Fadhluhartini Muftah
The objective of the study is to determine the flexural behavior of the built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) channel section strengthened with an oriented strand board (OSB) in the three-point bending experiment. CFS with a variety of shapes and grades is classified as a steel-based material and exposed to buckling failure when subjected to compression or flexural load. Thus, the CFS channel section with 100 mm of the web, 50 mm of the flange, 12 mm of the lip, and 1.55 mm of thickness has been selected. Then, the built-up CFS channel section is designed by filling with an OSB between the gap of each section. Channel, face-to-face built-up, and back-to-back built-up CFS sections are three types of tested specimens. From the result and discussion, the specimen with back-to-back built-up CFS section is recognized to sustain the ultimate load with the highest value when compared with other specimens.
{"title":"Flexural Behavior of Built-Up Cold-formed Steel Channel Section Strengthened with Oriented Strand Board","authors":"Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Haslin Idayu Amaruddin, Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman, Fadhluhartini Muftah","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11380","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to determine the flexural behavior of the built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) channel section strengthened with an oriented strand board (OSB) in the three-point bending experiment. CFS with a variety of shapes and grades is classified as a steel-based material and exposed to buckling failure when subjected to compression or flexural load. Thus, the CFS channel section with 100 mm of the web, 50 mm of the flange, 12 mm of the lip, and 1.55 mm of thickness has been selected. Then, the built-up CFS channel section is designed by filling with an OSB between the gap of each section. Channel, face-to-face built-up, and back-to-back built-up CFS sections are three types of tested specimens. From the result and discussion, the specimen with back-to-back built-up CFS section is recognized to sustain the ultimate load with the highest value when compared with other specimens.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45974999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11348
Karolina Wrześniowska
In recent years, there is an increase in research into shoe last customization and topic analysis methods. The work aims to systematically review the literature on the customization of shoe lasts. The method used in this work is to perform a five-phase systematic review algorithm. Data on the research performed are extracted and synthesized from each study: main research objectives, authors, date of publication, journal, or conference in which the article was published, and the quality of each article. The studies included in the review are published between 2018 and 2022. The results of the review are nineteen papers about the process of customization of the shoe last. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that the quality of research has not changed over time, in 2020 there was a decrease in work. Most often, researchers analyze the impact of anthropometric factors on the correct shoe last modeling and methods of shoe last parameterization.
{"title":"Shoe Last Customization: A Systematic Review","authors":"Karolina Wrześniowska","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11348","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there is an increase in research into shoe last customization and topic analysis methods. The work aims to systematically review the literature on the customization of shoe lasts. The method used in this work is to perform a five-phase systematic review algorithm. Data on the research performed are extracted and synthesized from each study: main research objectives, authors, date of publication, journal, or conference in which the article was published, and the quality of each article. The studies included in the review are published between 2018 and 2022. The results of the review are nineteen papers about the process of customization of the shoe last. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that the quality of research has not changed over time, in 2020 there was a decrease in work. Most often, researchers analyze the impact of anthropometric factors on the correct shoe last modeling and methods of shoe last parameterization.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41405646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11417
Duong Vu, Van Thao Le
This research aims to analyze the microstructures and mechanical characteristics of stainless steel (SS) 316L repurposed by wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The SS 316L wire is deposited on a SS 316 substrate, which can be repurposed. This deposited material underwent optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile test, and the results indicate that it features cellular and columnar dendrites at the bottom and equiaxial grains at the top. The tensile strength of the interface region between the deposited material (DM) and the base material (BM) is the highest (559 ± 4.16 MPa vs. 510 ± 4.93 MPa in DM and 540 ± 2.65 in BM), indicating that the BM and the deposited layers are strongly bonded. All the results from the defect observation, microstructures, and mechanical characteristics confirm the potential of the WAAM process for repurposing.
{"title":"Metallurgical Characterization of SS 316L Repurposed by Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing","authors":"Duong Vu, Van Thao Le","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11417","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the microstructures and mechanical characteristics of stainless steel (SS) 316L repurposed by wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The SS 316L wire is deposited on a SS 316 substrate, which can be repurposed. This deposited material underwent optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile test, and the results indicate that it features cellular and columnar dendrites at the bottom and equiaxial grains at the top. The tensile strength of the interface region between the deposited material (DM) and the base material (BM) is the highest (559 ± 4.16 MPa vs. 510 ± 4.93 MPa in DM and 540 ± 2.65 in BM), indicating that the BM and the deposited layers are strongly bonded. All the results from the defect observation, microstructures, and mechanical characteristics confirm the potential of the WAAM process for repurposing.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45115398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11053
Jose Manuel Palomino Ojeda, Billy Alexis Cayatopa Calderon, Lenin Quiñones Huatangari, Wilmer Rojas Pintado
The objective of the research is to estimate the value of the California bearing ratio (CBR) through the application of ANN. The methodology consists of creating a database with soil index and CBR variables of the subgrades and granular base of pavements in Jaen, Peru, carried out in the soil mechanics laboratories of the city and the National University of Jaen. In addition, the Python library Seaborn is for variable selection and relevance, and the scikit-learn and Keras libraries were used for the learning, training, and validation stage. Five ANN are proposed to estimate the CBR value, obtaining an error of 4.47% in the validation stage. It can be concluded that this method is effective and valid to determine the CBR value in subgrades and granular bases of any pavement for its evaluation or design.
{"title":"Determination of the California Bearing Ratio of the Subgrade and Granular Base Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Jose Manuel Palomino Ojeda, Billy Alexis Cayatopa Calderon, Lenin Quiñones Huatangari, Wilmer Rojas Pintado","doi":"10.46604/ijeti.2023.11053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46604/ijeti.2023.11053","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research is to estimate the value of the California bearing ratio (CBR) through the application of ANN. The methodology consists of creating a database with soil index and CBR variables of the subgrades and granular base of pavements in Jaen, Peru, carried out in the soil mechanics laboratories of the city and the National University of Jaen. In addition, the Python library Seaborn is for variable selection and relevance, and the scikit-learn and Keras libraries were used for the learning, training, and validation stage. Five ANN are proposed to estimate the CBR value, obtaining an error of 4.47% in the validation stage. It can be concluded that this method is effective and valid to determine the CBR value in subgrades and granular bases of any pavement for its evaluation or design.","PeriodicalId":43808,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation","volume":"399 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41286472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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