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A Study on the Risk Probability of Risk Mitigation Alternatives at Non-Compliance Airport with Runway Strip Criteria 不符合跑道标准机场风险缓解方案的风险概率研究
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11203
Do-Hyun Kim, Hyo-Seok Chang, Woong-Yi Kim
A runway strip is defined as the surface surrounding a runway established or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to aircraft in the event of a runway excursion. This study aims to implement the RSARA and LRSARA models at an airport not meeting the runway strip dimension criteria required by standards for aerodrome physical characteristics. The airport is considering alternatives to secure the runway strip criteria such as the displaced threshold and runway length extension, which is predicted to reduce the runway excursion probability. As the results of this study, it was discovered that the risk probability increases with the increases of the displaced runway distance due to relatively reduced runway length. Therefore, a reduced runway length to meet runway strip criteria may not be the most effective risk mitigation alternative, and it should be acknowledged that such a strategy can harm aviation Safety.
跑道条的定义是指在跑道偏移时,为减少飞机损坏的风险而建立或适合的跑道周围的表面。本研究的目的是在不符合机场物理特性标准所要求的跑道尺寸标准的机场实施RSARA和LRSARA模型。机场方面正在考虑,为了确保能够减少跑道偏移概率的“位移阈值”和“跑道长度延长”等跑道标准,正在研究其他方案。本研究结果发现,由于跑道长度相对缩短,随着跑道位移距离的增加,风险概率增加。因此,减少跑道长度以满足跑道标准可能不是最有效的降低风险的备选办法,应该承认,这种战略可能损害航空安全。
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引用次数: 0
An Efficient DenseNet for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening 一种有效的糖尿病视网膜病变筛查密度检测方法
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10045
Sheena Christabel Pravin, Sindhu Priya Kanaga Sabapathy, Suganthi Selvakumar, Saranya Jayaraman, Selvakumar Varadharajan Subramani
This study aims to propose a novel deep learning framework, i.e., efficient DenseNet, for identifying diabetic retinopathy severity levels in retinal images. Diabetic retinopathy is an eye condition that damages blood vessels in the retina. Detecting diabetic retinopathy at the early stage can avoid retinal detachment and effects leading to blindness in diabetic adults. A thin-layered efficient DenseNet model has been proposed with fewer training learnable parameters, leading to higher classification accuracy than the other deep learning models. The proposed deep learning framework for diabetic retinopathy severity level detection has an inbuilt automatic pre-processing module. Afterward, the efficient DenseNet model and classifier will provide data augmentation and higher-level feature extraction. The proposed efficient DenseNet framework is trained and tested using 13000 retinal fundus images within the diabetic retinopathy database and combined with the k-nearest neighbor classifier demonstrating the best classification accuracy of 98.40%.
本研究旨在提出一种新的深度学习框架,即高效的DenseNet,用于识别视网膜图像中的糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度。糖尿病视网膜病变是一种损害视网膜血管的眼部疾病。早期发现糖尿病视网膜病变可以避免视网膜脱离和导致糖尿病成人失明的影响。提出了一种具有较少训练可学习参数的薄层高效DenseNet模型,其分类精度高于其他深度学习模型。提出的糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度检测深度学习框架内置了自动预处理模块。之后,高效的DenseNet模型和分类器将提供数据增强和更高级别的特征提取。使用糖尿病视网膜病变数据库中的13000张视网膜眼底图像对所提出的高效DenseNet框架进行了训练和测试,并与k近邻分类器相结合,显示出最高的分类准确率为98.40%。
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引用次数: 2
Partitioning-Based Data Sharing Approach for Data Integrity Verification in Distributed Fog Computing 分布式雾计算中基于分区的数据共享方法
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10685
Uma Maheswari Kaliyaperumal, Mary Saira Bhanu Somasundaram, Nickolas Savarimuthu
With the increasing popularity of the internet of things (IoT), fog computing has emerged as a unique cutting-edge approach along with cloud computing. This study proposes an approach for data integrity verification in fog computing that does not require metadata stored on the user side and can handle big data efficiently. In the proposed work, fuzzy clustering is used to cluster IoT data; dynamic keys are used to encrypt the clusters; and dynamic permutation is used to distribute encrypted clusters among fog nodes. During the process of data retrieval, fuzzy clustering and message authentication code (MAC) are used to verify the data integrity. Fuzzy clustering and dynamic primitives make the proposed approach more secure. The security analysis indicates that the proposed approach is resilient to various security attacks. Moreover, the performance analysis shows that the computation time of the proposed work is 50 times better than the existing tag regeneration scheme.
随着物联网(IoT)的日益普及,雾计算与云计算一起成为一种独特的前沿方法。这项研究提出了一种在雾计算中进行数据完整性验证的方法,该方法不需要在用户端存储元数据,并且可以有效地处理大数据。在所提出的工作中,使用模糊聚类对物联网数据进行聚类;使用动态密钥对集群进行加密;并且使用动态排列来在雾节点之间分配加密的簇。在数据检索过程中,使用模糊聚类和消息认证码(MAC)来验证数据的完整性。模糊聚类和动态基元使所提出的方法更加安全。安全性分析表明,所提出的方法对各种安全攻击具有较强的抵御能力。此外,性能分析表明,所提出的工作的计算时间是现有标签再生方案的50倍。
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引用次数: 0
Instructional Design, Learning Satisfaction, and Learning Outcome in a Virtual Reality Learning Environment Aimed at Improving the Cognition of Computer Hardware Components 旨在提高计算机硬件组件认知的虚拟现实学习环境中的教学设计、学习满意度和学习结果
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10247
Cheng-Hsiu Li
The integration of teaching materials with virtual reality (VR) technology is a common method for improving student interaction in courses, providing students with experience related to real-life spatial environments in class. This study developed a cost-effective and portable device that offers an immersive VR experience for learning the identification of computer hardware components. This device enables teachers to train technicians in computer hardware fabrication. The experimental group comprised 12 participants. According to the results of the learning satisfaction analysis, the students highly enjoyed the immersive learning experience. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test are used for statistical analysis. Analysis of cognitive learning outcomes indicated that all students accurately identified all computer components after the intervention. By using the immersion teaching method, teachers could considerably improve the learning outcomes of students related to their cognition of computer hardware components.
教材与虚拟现实(VR)技术的整合是提高学生在课程中的互动性的常用方法,为学生提供与课堂真实空间环境相关的体验。本研究开发了一种具有成本效益的便携式设备,为学习识别计算机硬件组件提供沉浸式VR体验。这种设备使教师能够培训计算机硬件制造方面的技术人员。实验组共12人。学习满意度分析结果显示,学生对沉浸式学习体验的享受程度较高。统计分析采用描述性统计和Wilcoxon配对对带符号秩检验。对认知学习结果的分析表明,所有的学生在干预后都能准确地识别出所有的计算机组件。采用沉浸式教学方法,教师可以显著提高学生对计算机硬件部件认知的学习效果。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Organic Loading Rates on Performance of Treating Dairy Wastewater in a Lab-Scale Sequencing Batch Reactor 有机负荷率对实验室规模序批式反应器处理乳制品废水性能的影响
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10763
Khac-Uan Do, Thuy-Ngan Thi Bui, Hung-Thuan Tran, Xuan-Quang Chu
This study aims to investigate, the effect of organic loading rates (OLRs), nutrient ratio addition, and sludge retention time (SRT) on treating dairy wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. This investigation is verified by experiments conducted in 3 phases at 3 different OLRs (1.8, 1.2, and 0.9 kg/m3d, respectively).  Urea ((NH2)2CO) is added to make a suitable (COD:N:P) ratio of (100:5:1) in dairy wastewater. The SRT is adjusted from 50 days to an appropriate value of 18 days. The obtained results show that the COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies are increased with decreasing OLRs. Sludge concentration in the SBR tank is stable at 1100 mg/L after adding (NH2)2CO. In addition, the SBR operated at a suitable SRT (i.e. 18 days) helps the biomass stably, resulting in enhancement of COD, TN, and TP removal. The results are helpful to the design of SBR for treating dairy wastewater.
本研究旨在研究序批式反应器(SBR)系统中有机负荷率(OLRs)、营养素添加率和污泥停留时间(SRT)对处理乳制品废水的影响。该研究通过在3个不同OLR(分别为1.8、1.2和0.9 kg/m3)的3个阶段进行的实验进行了验证。添加尿素((NH2)2CO)以使乳制品废水的COD∶N∶P比例达到(100∶5∶1)。SRT从50天调整为18天的适当值。结果表明,随着OLRs的降低,COD、TN和TP的去除率都有所提高。加入(NH2)2CO后,SBR池中的污泥浓度稳定在1100 mg/L。此外,在合适的SRT(即18天)下运行的SBR有助于稳定生物量,从而提高COD、TN和TP的去除率。研究结果有助于SBR法处理乳品废水的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Electronically Tunable Voltage-Mode Multiphase Sinusoidal Oscillator with Low Output Impedance Nodes Employing VD-DIBAs 采用vd - diba的低输出阻抗节点的电子可调谐电压型多相正弦振荡器
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10461
Danupat Duangmalai, Thosapol Manasri, Adisorn Kwawsibsam, Winai Jaikla
The multiphase sinusoidal oscillator (MSO) is useful for various electrical and electronic applications. This study aims to design an MSO employing voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBAs). The design procedure is based on cascading the first-order low-pass filter. Each phase consists of a VD-DIBA, two resistors, and a grounded capacitor. An odd-phase system without requiring an additional amplifier. The frequency is electronically controlled through the bias current without affecting the condition. The sinewave amplitudes and the phase difference between each waveform are identical. The proposed MSO is designed to obtain three-phase waveforms (n = 3). PSPICE simulation demonstrates the performance of the proposed oscillator with 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS parameters with ±0.9 V power supply. The feasibility of the proposed MSO is also verified with experiments using the VD-DIBA constructed from commercial integrated circuits (ICs) with a ±5 V power supply. The simulated and experimental results align with theoretical predictions.
多相正弦振荡器(MSO)可用于各种电气和电子应用。本研究旨在设计一种采用电压差分差分输入缓冲放大器(VD DIBA)的MSO。设计过程基于级联一阶低通滤波器。每相由一个VD-DIBA、两个电阻器和一个接地电容器组成。一种不需要额外放大器的奇相系统。在不影响条件的情况下,通过偏置电流对频率进行电子控制。正弦波振幅和每个波形之间的相位差是相同的。所提出的MSO被设计为获得三相波形(n=3)。PSPICE仿真验证了所提出的振荡器在±0.9V电源下具有0.18μm TSMC CMOS参数的性能。所提出的MSO的可行性也通过使用由商用集成电路(IC)构建的VD-DIBA的实验进行了验证,该集成电路具有±5V电源。模拟和实验结果与理论预测一致。
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引用次数: 0
Edge Detection Method Driven by Knowledge-Based Neighborhood Rules 基于知识邻域规则驱动的边缘检测方法
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.9710
Yavuz Çapkan, H. Altun, C. Fidan
Edge detection is a fundamental process, and therefore there are still demands to improve its efficiency and computational complexity. This study proposes a knowledge-based edge detection method to meet this requirement by introducing a set of knowledge-based rules. The methodology to derive the rules is based on the observed continuity properties and the neighborhood characteristics of the edge pixels, which are expressed as simple arithmetical operations to improve computational complexity. The results show that the method has an advantage over the gradient-based methods in terms of performance and computational load. It is appropriately four times faster than Canny method and shows superior performance compared to the gradient-based methods in general. Furthermore, the proposed method provides robustness to effectively identify edges at the corners. Due to its light computational requirement and inherent parallelization properties, the method would be also suitable for hardware implementation on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA).
边缘检测是一个基本过程,因此仍然需要提高其效率和计算复杂性。本研究提出了一种基于知识的边缘检测方法,通过引入一组基于知识的规则来满足这一要求。导出规则的方法基于观察到的边缘像素的连续性特性和邻域特性,这些特性被表示为简单的算术运算,以提高计算复杂性。结果表明,该方法在性能和计算量方面优于基于梯度的方法。它比Canny方法快四倍,并且与一般基于梯度的方法相比显示出优越的性能。此外,所提出的方法提供了鲁棒性,可以有效地识别拐角处的边缘。由于其计算量小和固有的并行性,该方法也适用于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的硬件实现。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of Outer Race Bearing Damage by Calculation of Sound Signal Frequency Based on the FFT Method 基于FFT法计算声信号频率的外滚道轴承损伤分析
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.9411
Iradiratu Diah Prahmana Karyatanti, Ananda Noersena, Firsyaldo Rizky Purnomo, Rafli Setiawan Zulkifli, Ardik Wijayanto
This study aims to identify the outer race bearing needed to protect an induction motor from severe damage. Faults are diagnosed using a non-invasive technique through the sound signal from an induction motor. The diagnosis aims to assess the damage to the bearings on the fan or main shaft. Moreover, this study discusses the type of damage, loading variations, and the diagnostic accuracy with the damage to the outer race bearing placed on the fan or main shaft rotor. The disturbance detection approach is used to analyze the sound spectrum to identify the harmonic components near the disturbance frequency. The damage frequency characteristics are also calculated to determine the sound spectrum peak value. The results show that the detection is slightly affected by the damage severity and the incorrect placement of the bearings on the rotor shaft. The lowest detection accuracy in testing the outer race bearing damage on the fan shaft is 91.66%. However, the accuracy percentage is 100% with the outer race bearing damage on the main shaft.
本研究旨在确定保护感应电机免受严重损坏所需的外圈轴承。故障诊断使用非侵入性技术通过声音信号从感应电机。诊断的目的是评估风机或主轴上轴承的损坏情况。此外,本文还讨论了风机或主轴转子外圈轴承损伤的类型、载荷变化以及诊断的准确性。采用干扰检测方法对声谱进行分析,识别干扰频率附近的谐波成分。计算损伤频率特性,确定声谱峰值。结果表明,检测受损坏严重程度和转子轴上轴承位置不正确的影响较小。对风机轴外滚道轴承损伤检测的最低检测精度为91.66%。然而,在主轴上的外滚道轴承损坏时,精度百分比为100%。
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引用次数: 0
On the Performance Analysis and Environmental Impact of Concrete with Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash 粉煤灰和底灰混凝土的性能分析及环境影响
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10229
Rahmat Hadi Suwarno, Arief Sabdo Yuwono, Erizal
Coal is a commonly used fuel by coal power plants that produce coal fly ash and coal bottom ash (coal FABA) as byproducts. The latest regulation in Indonesia changes coal FABA classification to non-toxic waste, which opens up its utilization possibility. This paper analyses the coal FABA potential from Suralaya Coal Power Plant as concrete material and its environmental impact. To determine coal FABA potential, the methods used in this paper are slump test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test, and carbon footprint calculation. This paper shows that concrete mixture with coal FABA content has a lower slump value, lower compressive strength, and generally lower flexural strength. Furthermore, the carbon footprint calculation result shows that concrete mixture with coal FABA content has lower CO2 emissions than conventional concrete. Finally, the result shows that concrete with coal FABA could be used as non-structural concrete.
煤是燃煤发电厂常用的燃料,发电厂生产煤粉煤灰和煤底灰(煤FABA)作为副产品。印尼的最新法规将煤的FABA分类改为无毒废物,这为其利用开辟了可能性。本文分析了苏拉亚煤电厂的煤FABA作为混凝土材料的潜力及其对环境的影响。为了确定煤的FABA潜力,本文使用的方法有坍落度试验、抗压强度试验、弯曲强度试验和碳足迹计算。研究表明,含煤FABA的混凝土混合料坍落度较低,抗压强度较低,抗弯强度普遍较低。此外,碳足迹计算结果表明,含煤FABA的混凝土混合物比传统混凝土具有更低的CO2排放量。结果表明,掺煤FABA的混凝土可以作为非结构混凝土使用。
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引用次数: 1
A Robust Technique for Detection, Diagnosis, and Localization of Switching Faults in Electric Drives Using Discrete Wavelet Transform 基于离散小波变换的电力传动开关故障鲁棒检测、诊断和定位技术
IF 1 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.10005
Hari Kumar Raveendran Pillai, Mayadevi Nanappan, Mini Valiyakulam Prabhakaran, Shenil Pushpangadan Sathyabhama
Detection, diagnosis, and localization of switching faults in electric drives are extremely important for operating a large number of induction motors in parallel. This study aims to present the design and development of switching fault detection, diagnosis, and localization strategy for the induction motor drive system (IMDS) by using a novel diagnostic variable that is derived from discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficients. The distinctiveness of the proposed algorithm is that it can identify single/multiple switch open and short faults and locate the defective switches using a single mathematical computation. The proposed algorithm is tested by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally validated using the LabVIEW hardware-in-the-loop platform. The results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed technique in identifying and locating faults.
对于并联运行大量感应电机来说,电气驱动中开关故障的检测、诊断和定位极其重要。本研究旨在通过使用一种从离散小波变换(DWT)系数导出的新型诊断变量,介绍感应电机驱动系统(IMDS)开关故障检测、诊断和定位策略的设计和开发。该算法的独特之处在于,它可以识别单个/多个开关的开路和短路故障,并使用单一的数学计算来定位有缺陷的开关。该算法在MATLAB/Simulink中进行了仿真测试,并在LabVIEW硬件在环平台上进行了实验验证。结果证明了所提出的技术在识别和定位故障方面的稳健性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation
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