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Estimating Classification Accuracy for Unlabeled Datasets Based on Block Scaling 基于块缩放的未标记数据集分类精度估计
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11975
None Shingchern D. You, None Kai-Rong Lin, None Chien-Hung Liu
This paper proposes an approach called block scaling quality (BSQ) for estimating the prediction accuracy of a deep network model. The basic operation perturbs the input spectrogram by multiplying all values within a block by , where is equal to 0 in the experiments. The ratio of perturbed spectrograms that have different prediction labels than the original spectrogram to the total number of perturbed spectrograms indicates how much of the spectrogram is crucial for the prediction. Thus, this ratio is inversely correlated with the accuracy of the dataset. The BSQ approach demonstrates satisfactory estimation accuracy in experiments when compared with various other approaches. When using only the Jamendo and FMA datasets, the estimation accuracy experiences an average error of 4.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Moreover, the BSQ approach holds advantages over some of the comparison counterparts. Overall, it presents a promising approach for estimating the accuracy of a deep network model.
本文提出了一种块缩放质量(BSQ)方法来估计深度网络模型的预测精度。基本操作通过将块内的所有值乘以,其中在实验中等于0,来扰动输入谱图。与原始谱图具有不同预测标签的摄动谱图与摄动谱图总数的比值表明了谱图中有多少对预测至关重要。因此,该比率与数据集的准确性呈负相关。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的估计精度。当仅使用Jamendo和FMA数据集时,估计精度的平均误差分别为4.9%和1.8%。此外,BSQ方法比一些比较方法具有优势。总的来说,它为估计深度网络模型的精度提供了一种很有前途的方法。
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引用次数: 0
A 2D GaAs-Based Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Malaria Detection 用于疟疾检测的二维gaas光子晶体生物传感器
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11660
None Manjunatha N, None Sarika Raga, None Sanjay Kumar Gowre, None Hameed Miyan
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive rods with an air background lattice act as the building blocks for the photonic crystal structure used of a biosensor. The study presents a biosensor of a two-rod nano-cavity for identifying distinct stages of plasmodium falciparum in red blood cells (RBCs) in the early detection of malaria. The proposed biosensor enables the creation of a label-free biosensing environment in which optical and dispersion properties are investigated using plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) techniques. The biosensor, with a sensing region for an analyte, is utilized to detect a change in refractive index to differentiate between normal RBCs and plasmodium falciparum-infected cells. The results show that the biosensor has a high sensitivity of 798.143 nm/RIU, a high Q-factor of 9881.926, a low detection limit (δ) of 222.4 × 10-6 RIU, a high FOM of 4496.079 RIU-1, and a compact area of 46.14 µm2.
具有空气背景晶格的砷化镓(GaAs)复合半导电棒可作为生物传感器光子晶体结构的基石。该研究提出了一种双棒纳米腔生物传感器,用于在疟疾早期检测中识别红细胞(rbc)中恶性疟原虫的不同阶段。所提出的生物传感器能够创建一个无标记的生物传感环境,其中使用平面波扩展(PWE)和时域有限差分(FDTD)技术研究光学和色散特性。该生物传感器具有用于分析物的传感区域,用于检测折射率的变化,以区分正常红细胞和恶性疟原虫感染的细胞。结果表明,该传感器灵敏度为798.143 nm/RIU, q因子为9881.926,检出限δ为222.4 × 10-6 RIU, FOM为4496.079 RIU-1,紧凑面积为46.14µm2。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel MCDM-Based Framework to Recommend Machine Learning Techniques for Diabetes Prediction 一个新的基于mcdm的框架推荐机器学习技术用于糖尿病预测
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11837
None Ajay Kumar, None Kamaldeep Kaur
Early detection of diabetes is crucial because of its incurable nature. Several diabetes prediction models have been developed using machine learning techniques (MLTs). The performance of MLTs varies for different accuracy measures. Thus, selecting appropriate MLTs for diabetes prediction is challenging. This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) based framework for evaluating MLTs applied to diabetes prediction. Initially, three MCDM methods—WSM, TOPSIS, and VIKOR—are used to determine the individual ranks of MLTs for diabetes prediction performance by using various comparable performance measures (PMs). Next, a fusion approach is used to determine the final rank of the MLTs. The proposed method is validated by assessing the performance of 10 MLTs on the Pima Indian diabetes dataset using eight evaluation metrics for diabetes prediction. Based on the final MCDM rankings, logistic regression is recommended for diabetes prediction modeling.
早期发现糖尿病是至关重要的,因为它无法治愈。使用机器学习技术(mlt)开发了几种糖尿病预测模型。对于不同的精度测量,mlt的性能是不同的。因此,选择合适的mlt用于糖尿病预测是具有挑战性的。本文提出了一种基于多准则决策(MCDM)的mlt评价框架,用于糖尿病预测。最初,使用三种MCDM方法- wsm, TOPSIS和vikor -通过使用各种可比较性能度量(pm)来确定mlt在糖尿病预测性能方面的个体排名。接下来,使用融合方法确定mlt的最终等级。通过使用8个评估指标评估10个mlt在皮马印第安人糖尿病数据集上的表现,验证了所提出的方法。根据最终的MCDM排名,建议使用逻辑回归进行糖尿病预测建模。
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引用次数: 0
Research and Development of Environmental Monitoring Alarm and Automatic Flag Control System for Barracks 营房环境监测报警及自动旗控系统的研究与开发
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11165
Ming-Sen Hu, Wei-Kuo Soong, Pei-Hua Tan
This paper proposes a real-time flag alarm system that can monitor air quality and automatically plant colored flags to inform the people in the barracks. This system automatically measures the local PM 2.5 concentrations with PM sensors; and automatically measures the temperature and humidity with temperature and humidity sensors, then converts the measured values into the grades of danger coefficients and the grades of AQI to plant or replace flags by automatic control. The danger coefficient grades are represented by four colored flags, namely, green, blue, yellow, and red; meanwhile, the AQI grades are represented by six colored flags, namely, green, yellow, orange, red, purple, and maroon. Moreover, this system displays all measured data and related information with electronic billboards to provide a reference for people participating in outdoor activities.
本文提出了一种能够实时监测军营空气质量并自动插上彩旗通知军营人员的实时警旗系统。该系统通过PM传感器自动测量当地的PM 2.5浓度;用温湿度传感器自动测量温湿度,然后将测量值转换为危险系数等级和空气质量等级,通过自动控制插旗或更换旗帜。危险系数等级用绿、蓝、黄、红四色旗表示;同时,AQI等级由绿、黄、橙、红、紫、栗色六面彩旗代表。此外,该系统将所有测量数据和相关信息以电子广告牌的形式显示出来,为参加户外活动的人们提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
A Bi-Directional GRU Architecture for the Self-Attention Mechanism: An Adaptable, Multi-Layered Approach with Blend of Word Embedding 一种用于自注意机制的双向GRU结构:一种具有混合单词嵌入的自适应多层方法
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11510
Amit Pimpalkar, Jeberson Retna Raj
Sentiment analysis (SA) has become an essential component of natural language processing (NLP) with numerous practical applications to understanding “what other people think”. Various techniques have been developed to tackle SA using deep learning (DL); however, current research lacks comprehensive strategies incorporating multiple-word embeddings. This study proposes a self-attention mechanism that leverages DL and involves the contextual integration of word embedding with a time-dispersed bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU). This work employs word embedding approaches GloVe, word2vec, and fastText to achieve better predictive capabilities. By integrating these techniques, the study aims to improve the classifier’s capability to precisely analyze and categorize sentiments in textual data from the domain of movies. The investigation seeks to enhance the classifier’s performance in NLP tasks by addressing the challenges of underfitting and overfitting in DL. To evaluate the model’s effectiveness, an openly available IMDb dataset was utilized, achieving a remarkable testing accuracy of 99.70%.
情感分析(SA)已成为自然语言处理(NLP)的重要组成部分,在理解“别人的想法”方面有许多实际应用。已经开发了使用深度学习(DL)来解决SA的各种技术;然而,目前的研究缺乏将多个单词嵌入其中的综合策略。本研究提出了一种利用DL的自注意机制,并涉及单词嵌入与时间分散双向门控递归单元(Bi-GRU)的上下文集成。这项工作采用单词嵌入方法GloVe、word2vec和fastText来实现更好的预测能力。通过整合这些技术,本研究旨在提高分类器准确分析和分类电影领域文本数据中情感的能力。该研究试图通过解决DL中的欠拟合和过拟合问题来提高分类器在NLP任务中的性能。为了评估该模型的有效性,使用了一个公开可用的IMDb数据集,实现了99.70%的显著测试准确率。
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引用次数: 0
Flexural Behavior of Built-Up Cold-formed Steel Channel Section Strengthened with Oriented Strand Board 定向刨花板加固组合冷弯型钢通道截面的弯曲性能
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11380
Mohd Syahrul Hisyam Mohd Sani, Haslin Idayu Amaruddin, Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman, Fadhluhartini Muftah
The objective of the study is to determine the flexural behavior of the built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) channel section strengthened with an oriented strand board (OSB) in the three-point bending experiment. CFS with a variety of shapes and grades is classified as a steel-based material and exposed to buckling failure when subjected to compression or flexural load. Thus, the CFS channel section with 100 mm of the web, 50 mm of the flange, 12 mm of the lip, and 1.55 mm of thickness has been selected. Then, the built-up CFS channel section is designed by filling with an OSB between the gap of each section. Channel, face-to-face built-up, and back-to-back built-up CFS sections are three types of tested specimens. From the result and discussion, the specimen with back-to-back built-up CFS section is recognized to sustain the ultimate load with the highest value when compared with other specimens.
本研究的目的是在三点弯曲试验中确定用定向刨花板(OSB)加固的组合冷弯型钢(CFS)通道截面的弯曲性能。具有各种形状和等级的CFS被归类为钢基材料,在受到压缩或弯曲载荷时会出现屈曲失效。因此,已经选择了具有100mm腹板、50mm凸缘、12mm唇缘和1.55mm厚度的CFS通道截面。然后,通过在每个截面的间隙之间填充OSB来设计组合式CFS通道截面。通道、面对面组合和背靠背组合CFS截面是三种类型的试样。从结果和讨论来看,与其他试样相比,具有背靠背组合CFS截面的试样能够承受最高值的极限载荷。
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引用次数: 0
Shoe Last Customization: A Systematic Review 鞋楦定制:系统回顾
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11348
Karolina Wrześniowska
In recent years, there is an increase in research into shoe last customization and topic analysis methods. The work aims to systematically review the literature on the customization of shoe lasts. The method used in this work is to perform a five-phase systematic review algorithm. Data on the research performed are extracted and synthesized from each study: main research objectives, authors, date of publication, journal, or conference in which the article was published, and the quality of each article. The studies included in the review are published between 2018 and 2022. The results of the review are nineteen papers about the process of customization of the shoe last. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that the quality of research has not changed over time, in 2020 there was a decrease in work. Most often, researchers analyze the impact of anthropometric factors on the correct shoe last modeling and methods of shoe last parameterization.
近年来,对鞋楦定制和主题分析方法的研究越来越多。本工作旨在系统地回顾有关鞋楦定制的文献。这项工作中使用的方法是执行五阶段系统回顾算法。从每项研究中提取和综合所进行研究的数据:主要研究目标、作者、发表日期、发表文章的期刊或会议,以及每篇文章的质量。该综述中的研究发表于2018年至2022年。综述的结果是十九篇关于鞋楦定制过程的论文。分析结论表明,研究质量没有随着时间的推移而变化,2020年的工作有所减少。研究人员通常会分析人体测量因素对鞋楦正确建模和鞋楦参数化方法的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Metallurgical Characterization of SS 316L Repurposed by Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing 钢丝加电弧增材生产不锈钢316L的冶金特性
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11417
Duong Vu, Van Thao Le
This research aims to analyze the microstructures and mechanical characteristics of stainless steel (SS) 316L repurposed by wire plus arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The SS 316L wire is deposited on a SS 316 substrate, which can be repurposed. This deposited material underwent optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile test, and the results indicate that it features cellular and columnar dendrites at the bottom and equiaxial grains at the top. The tensile strength of the interface region between the deposited material (DM) and the base material (BM) is the highest (559 ± 4.16 MPa vs. 510 ± 4.93 MPa in DM and 540 ± 2.65 in BM), indicating that the BM and the deposited layers are strongly bonded. All the results from the defect observation, microstructures, and mechanical characteristics confirm the potential of the WAAM process for repurposing.
本研究旨在分析采用焊丝加电弧增材制造(WAAM)改造的不锈钢(SS)316L的微观结构和力学特性。不锈钢316L焊丝沉积在不锈钢316基材上,可重新使用。该沉积材料经过光学显微镜、X射线衍射和拉伸测试,结果表明,其底部具有细胞状和柱状枝晶,顶部具有等轴晶粒。沉积材料(DM)和基底材料(BM)之间的界面区域的抗拉强度最高(559±4.16MPa,DM为510±4.93MPa,BM为540±2.65),表明BM和沉积层牢固结合。缺陷观察、微观结构和机械特性的所有结果都证实了WAAM工艺重新利用的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the California Bearing Ratio of the Subgrade and Granular Base Using Artificial Neural Networks 用人工神经网络确定路基和颗粒基层的加州承载比
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11053
Jose Manuel Palomino Ojeda, Billy Alexis Cayatopa Calderon, Lenin Quiñones Huatangari, Wilmer Rojas Pintado
The objective of the research is to estimate the value of the California bearing ratio (CBR) through the application of ANN. The methodology consists of creating a database with soil index and CBR variables of the subgrades and granular base of pavements in Jaen, Peru, carried out in the soil mechanics laboratories of the city and the National University of Jaen. In addition, the Python library Seaborn is for variable selection and relevance, and the scikit-learn and Keras libraries were used for the learning, training, and validation stage. Five ANN are proposed to estimate the CBR value, obtaining an error of 4.47% in the validation stage. It can be concluded that this method is effective and valid to determine the CBR value in subgrades and granular bases of any pavement for its evaluation or design.
本研究的目的是通过应用人工神经网络来估计加州承载比(CBR)的值。该方法包括创建一个数据库,其中包含秘鲁Jaen市土壤力学实验室和Jaen国立大学进行的路基和路面颗粒基层的土壤指数和CBR变量。此外,Python库Seaborn用于变量选择和相关性,scikit-learn和Keras库用于学习、培训和验证阶段。提出了五种人工神经网络来估计CBR值,在验证阶段获得了4.47%的误差。可以得出结论,该方法对确定任何路面路基和颗粒基层的CBR值进行评估或设计都是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on the Risk Probability of Risk Mitigation Alternatives at Non-Compliance Airport with Runway Strip Criteria 不符合跑道标准机场风险缓解方案的风险概率研究
IF 1 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46604/ijeti.2023.11203
Do-Hyun Kim, Hyo-Seok Chang, Woong-Yi Kim
A runway strip is defined as the surface surrounding a runway established or suitable for reducing the risk of damage to aircraft in the event of a runway excursion. This study aims to implement the RSARA and LRSARA models at an airport not meeting the runway strip dimension criteria required by standards for aerodrome physical characteristics. The airport is considering alternatives to secure the runway strip criteria such as the displaced threshold and runway length extension, which is predicted to reduce the runway excursion probability. As the results of this study, it was discovered that the risk probability increases with the increases of the displaced runway distance due to relatively reduced runway length. Therefore, a reduced runway length to meet runway strip criteria may not be the most effective risk mitigation alternative, and it should be acknowledged that such a strategy can harm aviation Safety.
跑道条的定义是指在跑道偏移时,为减少飞机损坏的风险而建立或适合的跑道周围的表面。本研究的目的是在不符合机场物理特性标准所要求的跑道尺寸标准的机场实施RSARA和LRSARA模型。机场方面正在考虑,为了确保能够减少跑道偏移概率的“位移阈值”和“跑道长度延长”等跑道标准,正在研究其他方案。本研究结果发现,由于跑道长度相对缩短,随着跑道位移距离的增加,风险概率增加。因此,减少跑道长度以满足跑道标准可能不是最有效的降低风险的备选办法,应该承认,这种战略可能损害航空安全。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Engineering and Technology Innovation
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