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2008 International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems最新文献

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FPGA based embedded system for induction motor failure monitoring at the start-up transient vibrations with wavelets 基于FPGA的嵌入式感应电机启动瞬态振动监测系统
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577701
C. Rodriguez-Donate, R. Romero-Troncoso, A. García-Perez, Daniel A. Razo-Montes
Accurate monitoring on induction motors is mandatory for modern industry in order to guarantee the overall process quality. The common practice for monitoring is performed by third party enterprises that test the electrical machines with general-purpose instrumentation equipment, which do not allow on-line operation with the subsequent increase in production costs. Several methodologies have been proposed in recent years for detection of failures in induction motors; however, these methodologies perform the analysis offline. The contribution of this work is the development of an online monitoring of induction motor failures by measuring the vibration transient signals at the start-up with discrete wavelet transform, and its implementation as an embedded system with FPGA for SOC approach. Experimentation is realized to test the system functionality. From results it is demonstrated that the proposed methodology accurately determinates the motor condition in the presence of broken rotor bars.
为了保证整个过程的质量,对异步电机进行精确的监控是现代工业的必要条件。监控的常见做法是由第三方企业使用通用仪器设备对电机进行测试,不允许在线操作,从而增加生产成本。近年来,已经提出了几种方法来检测异步电动机的故障;然而,这些方法是离线执行分析的。本工作的贡献是利用离散小波变换测量异步电动机启动时的振动瞬态信号,开发了一种异步电动机故障在线监测方法,并将其作为基于FPGA的嵌入式系统实现。通过实验对系统的功能进行了测试。结果表明,该方法能准确地确定转子断条情况下的电机状态。
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引用次数: 31
Verifying programmable logic controllers with abstraction 用抽象验证可编程逻辑控制器
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577704
R. Wang, M. Gu, Xiaoyu Song, Hehua Zhang
Functional and nonfunctional validation is an important task in complex embedded system developments. This paper proposes a method of applying model checking techniques to validate programable logic controllers (PLCs). Abstraction is used to ameliorate the state explosion problem. The experiment results of an industry application demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
功能和非功能验证是复杂嵌入式系统开发中的一项重要任务。本文提出一种应用模型检查技术来验证可编程逻辑控制器(plc)的方法。采用抽象的方法来改善状态爆炸问题。工业应用的实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
FPGA based multiple-channel vibration analyzer embedded system for industrial applications in automatic failure detection 基于FPGA的多通道振动分析仪嵌入式系统在工业故障自动检测中的应用
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577705
L. M. Contreras-Medina, R. Romero-Troncoso, J. R. Millán-Almaraz, C. Rodriguez-Donate
Machine monitoring is one of the major concerns in modern industry in order to guarantee the overall efficiency during the production process. Several monitoring techniques for machinery failure detection have been developed, being vibration analysis one of the most important techniques. The typical equipment used for vibration analysis is a general purpose single channel spectrum analyzer that most of the cases is not well suited for the specific task and lacks from the capability of simultaneous multiple channel analysis. The contribution of this work is to present the development of a low-cost FPGA based 3-axis simultaneous vibration analyzer for embedded machinery monitoring with the novelty of a post-processing stage that can be designed and implemented into the same FPGA for automatic online detection of specific machinery failures. Two cases of study are presented to show the development performance and capabilities of the system where specific post-processing units are designed. From the results it can be seen that several mechanical failures can be automatically detected by reconfiguring the postprocessing algorithm, embedded in the system.
为了保证生产过程的整体效率,机器监控是现代工业中关注的主要问题之一。机械故障检测的几种监测技术已经发展起来,其中振动分析是最重要的技术之一。用于振动分析的典型设备是通用单通道频谱分析仪,大多数情况下不太适合特定任务,缺乏同时进行多通道分析的能力。这项工作的贡献是提出了一种基于FPGA的低成本3轴同步振动分析仪的开发,用于嵌入式机械监测,具有后处理阶段的新捷性,可以设计和实现到同一个FPGA中,用于自动在线检测特定的机械故障。通过两个研究案例来展示系统的开发性能和功能,其中设计了特定的后处理单元。从结果可以看出,通过重新配置嵌入在系统中的后处理算法,可以自动检测出几种机械故障。
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引用次数: 19
Application-level fault tolerance in real-time embedded systems 实时嵌入式系统的应用级容错
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577690
Francisco Afonso, C. Silva, A. Tavares, S. Montenegro
Critical real-time embedded systems need to make use of fault tolerance techniques to cope with operation time errors, either in hardware or software. Fault tolerance is usually applied by means of redundancy and diversity. Redundant hardware implies the establishment of a distributed system executing a set of fault tolerance strategies by software, and may also employ some form of diversity, by using different variants or versions for the same processing. This work proposes and evaluates a fault tolerance framework for supporting the development of dependable applications. This framework is build upon basic operating system services and middleware communications and brings flexible and transparent support for application threads. A case study involving radar filtering is described and the framework advantages and drawbacks are discussed.
关键的实时嵌入式系统需要使用容错技术来处理硬件或软件上的操作时间错误。容错通常是通过冗余和分集来实现的。冗余硬件意味着建立一个分布式系统,通过软件执行一组容错策略,也可能采用某种形式的多样性,通过使用不同的变体或版本进行相同的处理。这项工作提出并评估了支持可靠应用程序开发的容错框架。该框架建立在基本操作系统服务和中间件通信的基础上,并为应用程序线程提供灵活和透明的支持。以雷达滤波为例,讨论了该框架的优缺点。
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引用次数: 22
NCES-based modelling and CTL-based verification of reconfigurable Benchmark Production Systems 基于nces的可重构基准生产系统建模和基于ctl的验证
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577674
M. Khalgui, H. Hanisch
This paper deals with the development of Safety Reconfigurable Embedded Systems following the International Industrial Component-based Standard IEC61499. To handle all possible reconfiguration forms, we propose at first time an Agent-based Architecture where the Agent applies automatic reconfigurations to adapt the system according to well defined conditions. We model this agent with nested state machines according to the formalism Net Condition Event Systems which is an extension of the Petri net formalism. In order to satisfy user requirements, we specify functional and temporal properties with the temporal logic CTL (as well as its extensions ECTL and TCTL) and we apply the Model Checker SESA to check the whole system correctness.
本文讨论了基于IEC61499的安全可重构嵌入式系统的开发。为了处理所有可能的重新配置形式,我们首次提出了一个基于Agent的体系结构,其中Agent应用自动重新配置来根据良好定义的条件调整系统。我们根据Petri网形式主义的扩展——网络条件事件系统,用嵌套状态机对智能体进行建模。为了满足用户需求,我们使用时序逻辑CTL(及其扩展ECTL和TCTL)来指定功能和时序属性,并使用模型检查器SESA来检查整个系统的正确性。
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引用次数: 6
Performance evaluation of a java chip-multiprocessor 一个java芯片多处理器的性能评估
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577678
Christof Pitter, Martin Schoeberl
Chip multiprocessing design is an emerging trend for embedded systems. In this paper, we introduce a Java multiprocessor system-on-chip called JopCMP. It is a symmetric shared-memory multiprocessor and consists of up to 8 Java Optimized Processor (JOP) cores, an arbitration control device, and a global shared memory. All components are interconnected with a system-on-chip bus. This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of different hardware configurations of the multicore system. Therefore, we vary the instruction cache sizes, the number of processors and the memory bandwidth. Within our experiments, we measure the performance by running three benchmarks on real hardware: an embedded application from industry, a computationally intensive matrix multiplication and a synthetic benchmark that continuously accesses a shared data structure. Two different field-programmable gate arrays are used for the presented experiments. Our results illustrate the promises and limits of the proposed multiprocessor architecture concerning synchronization, memory bandwidth and caching. Furthermore, we compare the performance and size of JopCMP with a complex Java processor.
芯片多处理设计是嵌入式系统的一个新兴趋势。本文介绍了一种Java多处理器片上系统——JopCMP。它是一个对称的共享内存多处理器,由多达8个Java优化处理器(JOP)内核、一个仲裁控制设备和一个全局共享内存组成。所有组件都通过片上系统总线相互连接。本文重点研究了多核系统不同硬件配置的性能评估。因此,我们改变指令缓存大小、处理器数量和内存带宽。在我们的实验中,我们通过在真实硬件上运行三个基准测试来测量性能:来自工业的嵌入式应用程序、计算密集型矩阵乘法和持续访问共享数据结构的合成基准测试。实验采用了两种不同的现场可编程门阵列。我们的结果说明了所提出的多处理器架构在同步、内存带宽和缓存方面的承诺和限制。此外,我们还比较了JopCMP与复杂Java处理器的性能和大小。
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引用次数: 21
Integrating software agents and IEC 61499 realtime control for reconfigurable distributed manufacturing systems 集成软件代理和IEC 61499实时控制的可重构分布式制造系统
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577710
I. Hegny, O. Hummer, Alois Zoitl, G. Koppensteiner, M. Merdan
The need for agility in manufacturing systems is continuously growing. This is caused by increasing complexity and decreasing life cycles of the produced goods. This paper proposes a modular, reconfigurable manufacturing system, based on a distributed three layer architecture, consisting of mechatronic components, an IEC 61499 based distributed low level control and on top a multi agent system as high level control. Adaptivity to new demands is added by the inclusion of knowledge in the top layer. Agents are able to understand the structure of the manufacturing system and the produced goods. This enables the high level control to reconfigure the underlying system. To gain most value of this combination, agents and the low level control have to work together in an integrated environment. An interface for connecting distributed low level control and the multi agent system is presented.
制造系统对敏捷性的需求不断增长。这是由于生产产品的复杂性增加和生命周期缩短造成的。本文提出了一种基于分布式三层体系结构的模块化可重构制造系统,该系统由机电一体化组件、基于IEC 61499的分布式低层控制和基于多智能体系统的高层控制组成。对新需求的适应性是通过在顶层包含知识来增加的。代理人能够理解制造系统的结构和生产的产品。这使高级控件能够重新配置底层系统。为了获得这种组合的最大价值,代理和低级控制必须在集成环境中一起工作。提出了分布式低层控制与多智能体系统连接的接口。
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引用次数: 48
Efficient implementation of eSTREAM ciphers on 8-bit AVR microcontrollers eSTREAM密码在8位AVR微控制器上的高效实现
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577681
Gordon Meiser, T. Eisenbarth, Kerstin Lemke-Rust, C. Paar
This work is motivated by the question of how efficient modern stream ciphers in the eSTREAM project (Profile I) can be implemented on small embedded microcontrollers that are also constrained in memory resources. In response to this question, we present the first implementation results for Dragon, HC-128, LEX, Salsa20, Salsa20/12, and Sosemanuk on 8-bit microcontrollers. These ciphers are definitively free for any use, i.e., their use is not covered by intellectual property rights. For the evaluation process, we follow a two-stage approach and compare with efficient implementations of the AES block cipher. First, the C code implementation provided by the cipherspsila designers was ported to an 8-bit AVR microcontroller and the suitability of these stream ciphers for the use in embedded systems was assessed. In the second stage we implemented Dragon, LEX, Salsa20, Salsa20/12, and Sosemanuk in assembler to tap the full potential of an embedded implementation. Our efficiency metrics are memory usage in flash and SRAM and performance of keystream generation, key setup, and IV setup. Regarding encryption speed, all stream ciphers except for Salsa20 turned out to outperform AES. In terms of memory needs, Salsa20, Salsa20/12, and LEX are almost as compact as AES. In view of the final eSTREAM portfolio (Profile I), Salsa20/12 is the only promising alternative for the AES cipher on memory constrained 8-bit embedded microcontrollers. For embedded applications with high throughput requirements, Sosemanuk is the most suitable cipher if its considerable higher memory needs can be tolerated.
这项工作的动机是eSTREAM项目(Profile I)中高效的现代流密码如何在小型嵌入式微控制器上实现,这些微控制器也受内存资源的限制。为了回答这个问题,我们提出了Dragon, HC-128, LEX, Salsa20, Salsa20/12和Sosemanuk在8位微控制器上的第一个实现结果。这些密码绝对可以免费使用,也就是说,它们的使用不受知识产权的保护。对于评估过程,我们遵循两阶段方法,并与AES分组密码的有效实现进行比较。首先,将密码设计人员提供的C代码实现移植到8位AVR微控制器上,并评估了这些流密码在嵌入式系统中的适用性。在第二阶段,我们用汇编器实现了Dragon、LEX、Salsa20、Salsa20/12和Sosemanuk,以挖掘嵌入式实现的全部潜力。我们的效率指标是闪存和SRAM中的内存使用以及密钥流生成、密钥设置和IV设置的性能。关于加密速度,除Salsa20外,所有流密码都优于AES。在内存需求方面,Salsa20、Salsa20/12和LEX几乎和AES一样紧凑。鉴于最终的eSTREAM产品组合(配置文件I), Salsa20/12是内存受限的8位嵌入式微控制器上AES密码的唯一有前途的替代方案。对于具有高吞吐量要求的嵌入式应用程序,如果可以容忍相当高的内存需求,那么Sosemanuk是最合适的密码。
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引用次数: 52
Inter-task WCET computation for a-way instruction caches 单向指令缓存的任务间WCET计算
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577696
Fadia Nemer, H. Cassé, P. Sainrat, J. Bahsoun
In hard real-time applications, Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) is used to check time constraints of the whole system but is only computed at the task level. As most WCET computation methods assume a conservative approach to handle the processor state before the execution of a task, the inter-task analysis of long effect hardware features should improve the accuracy of the result. As an example, we propose to analyze the behavior of an A-way associative instruction cache, by combining inter-and intra-task instruction cache analysis. The aim is to estimate more accurately the number of cache misses due to task chaining by considering task Entry and Exit states along the inter-task analysis. The initial tasks WCETs can be computed by any existing single-task approach that models the instruction cache behavior. A second method is also introduced in this paper which consists in injecting the inter-task cache states in the intra-task WCET analysis, to get more precise numbers.
在硬实时应用中,最坏情况执行时间(WCET)用于检查整个系统的时间约束,但仅在任务级别计算。由于大多数WCET计算方法都采用保守方法来处理任务执行前的处理器状态,因此对长期影响硬件特征的任务间分析应该提高结果的准确性。作为一个例子,我们建议通过结合任务间和任务内指令缓存分析来分析A-way关联指令缓存的行为。目的是通过在任务间分析中考虑任务进入和退出状态,更准确地估计由于任务链导致的缓存丢失数量。初始任务wcet可以通过对指令缓存行为建模的任何现有单任务方法来计算。本文还介绍了第二种方法,即在任务内WCET分析中注入任务间缓存状态,以获得更精确的数据。
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引用次数: 11
A model-driven validation & verification environment for embedded systems 用于嵌入式系统的模型驱动验证和验证环境
Pub Date : 2008-06-11 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2008.4577708
A. Gargantini, E. Riccobene, P. Scandurra
This paper presents a validation and verification tool component, based on the abstract state machine formal method, that we are developing to support high level formal analysis of embedded system model-driven design. This component is integrated into a model-driven environment for HW/SW co-design that provides a graphical high-level representation of HW and SW components by means of UML profiles for SystemC/multi-thread C, and allows C/C++/SystemC code generation/back-annotation from/to graphical UML models.
本文提出了一个基于抽象状态机形式化方法的验证和验证工具组件,以支持嵌入式系统模型驱动设计的高级形式化分析。该组件被集成到一个模型驱动的环境中,用于HW/SW协同设计,该环境通过SystemC/多线程C的UML概要文件提供了HW和SW组件的图形高级表示,并允许C/ c++ /SystemC代码生成/从/到图形UML模型的反向注释。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2008 International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems
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