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Power system stabilizer design using real-coded genetic algorithm 电力系统稳定器的实编码遗传算法设计
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356625
A. Ahmad, A. Abdelqader
Small-signal stability is a key element in the studies of dynamic performance of electric power systems. One of the main considerations in stability analysis is the low-frequency oscillations of rotor due to disturbances of which the power system is susceptible to. These oscillations may sustain and grow in magnitude to cause system separation if adequate damping is not provided, especially during using an AVR in the system. To enhance system damping, the generating unit is equipped with a power system stabilizer (PSS). Conventional PSS controllers are widely utilized in industry to damp the low-frequency inertial oscillations experienced due to disturbances. The design of such stabilizer encompasses finding the best settings of PSS parameters which yield the attainable damping response. Several design approaches and techniques have been proposed (i.e. sequential PSS design, Ha>; optimization technique, etc.) over the years. A novel genetic-algorithm (GA) based optimization approach to design a robust PSS is presented in this paper. This proposed approach employs optimization of damping factor (σ) and damping ratio () in parallel with speed deviation based performance index (IAE) optimization, to obtain the best possible time-domain results (minimum settling time, sserror, etc.). The well-known single-machine infinite bus system is used here. Simulation of the linearized system is presented. The system speed response is investigated with and without PSS. Their results are compared and show that the response of the system with PSS sustains its stability during system upsets, which means that the proposed method gives encouraging results compared with traditional methods.
小信号稳定性是研究电力系统动态性能的一个关键因素。在稳定性分析中,要考虑的主要问题之一是电力系统易受干扰而产生的转子低频振荡。如果没有提供足够的阻尼,特别是在系统中使用AVR时,这些振荡可能会持续并增加幅度,从而导致系统分离。为了增强系统阻尼,发电机组安装了电力系统稳定器(PSS)。传统的PSS控制器广泛应用于工业中,以抑制由于干扰而产生的低频惯性振荡。这种稳定器的设计包括找到产生可达到的阻尼响应的PSS参数的最佳设置。已经提出了几种设计方法和技术(即顺序PSS设计,Ha>;优化技术等)多年来。提出了一种基于遗传算法的鲁棒PSS优化设计方法。该方法将阻尼因子(σ)和阻尼比()的优化与基于速度偏差的性能指标(IAE)优化并行,以获得尽可能好的时域结果(最小沉降时间、最小伺服器等)。这里使用的是著名的单机无限总线系统。对线性化后的系统进行了仿真。研究了带PSS和不带PSS时系统的速度响应。结果表明,在系统扰动时,采用PSS的系统响应保持稳定,与传统方法相比,该方法取得了令人鼓舞的效果。
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引用次数: 10
Microcontroller optimization of thermal characteristic in pezoresistive MEMS pressure sensors in height measurement in fuel reservoirs 油箱高度测量中压电式MEMS压力传感器热特性的微控制器优化
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356762
M. Salehi, E. Abiri, M. Jowkar
Using a MEMS pressure sensor installed at the bottom of fuel reservoirs, one can easily find the pressure of the liquid inside the reservoir and, consequently, its height. However, due to a high SI thermal coefficient, the sensor displays different voltages at its output at different temperatures and under fixed pressure. This Article examines a digital electronic system including a MEMS pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a microcontroller and using it to remove the effect of temperature on measuring the height of the liquid inside the reservoirs. The main advantage of using the microcontroller system is the straightforward and precise use of mathematical formulas for correction of linear and even non-linear characteristics of the sensor.
使用安装在油箱底部的MEMS压力传感器,人们可以很容易地找到油箱内液体的压力,从而确定其高度。然而,由于高SI热系数,传感器在不同温度和固定压力下的输出显示不同的电压。本文研究了一个数字电子系统,包括一个MEMS压力传感器,一个温度传感器,一个微控制器,并使用它来消除温度对测量储液器内液体高度的影响。使用微控制器系统的主要优点是直接和精确地使用数学公式来校正传感器的线性甚至非线性特性。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced cubature Kalman filtering applied to target tracking 简化卡尔曼滤波在目标跟踪中的应用
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356814
D. Mohammed, M. Abdelkrim, K. Mokhtar, O. Abdelaziz
In a recent paper, a new discrete-time Bayesian filter, named the cubature Kalman filter (CKF), was derived. To reduce the complexity of the filter, we propose in this paper to combine the CKF with the linear Kalman filter, when either the process equation or the measurement equation is linear. The resulting filter is referred to as the Reduced CKF (RCKF). It is here applied to the problem of tracking in Cartesian coordinates a moving object whose state can be modeled by a linear dynamic equation, but whose measurement equation is non linear, due to the fact that the measurements represent position measurements in polar coordinates. The simulations results show that, in terms of root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the RCKF and CKF have the same performance, but the processing time of the RCKF is lower than that of the CKF.
在最近的一篇论文中,导出了一种新的离散时间贝叶斯滤波器,称为cuature Kalman滤波器(CKF)。为了降低滤波的复杂性,本文提出在过程方程或测量方程均为线性的情况下,将CKF与线性卡尔曼滤波相结合。产生的过滤器被称为简化的CKF (RCKF)。本文将其应用于笛卡尔坐标系中运动物体的跟踪问题,该运动物体的状态可以用线性动力学方程来建模,但由于测量值在极坐标中表示位置测量值,因此其测量方程是非线性的。仿真结果表明,在均方根误差(RMSE)方面,RCKF和CKF具有相同的性能,但RCKF的处理时间低于CKF。
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引用次数: 6
Neural autopilot predictive controller for nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot based on a pre-assigned posture identifier in the presence of disturbances 基于预分配姿态标识符的非完整轮式移动机器人神经自动驾驶预测控制器
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356678
A. Al-Araji, M. Abbod, H. Al-Raweshidy
This paper proposes an adaptive neural predictive controller to guide a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot during continuous and non-continuous gradients trajectory tracking. The structure of the controller consists of two models that describe the kinematics and dynamics of the mobile robot system and a feedforward neural controller. The models are modified Elman neural network and feedforward multi-layer perceptron respectively. The trained Elman neural model acts as the position and orientation identifier. The feedforward neural controller is trained off-line and adaptive weights are adapted on-line to find the reference torques, which controls the steady-state outputs of the mobile robot system. The feedback neural controller is based on the posture neural identifier and quadratic performance index optimisation algorithm to find the optimal torque action in the transient state for N-step-ahead prediction. General back propagation algorithm is used to learn the feedforward neural controller and the posture neural identifier. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive neural predictive control algorithm; this is demonstrated by the minimised tracking error and the smoothness of the torque control signal obtained with bounded external disturbances.
提出了一种自适应神经预测控制器,用于指导非完整轮式移动机器人进行连续和非连续梯度轨迹跟踪。该控制器的结构由描述移动机器人系统运动学和动力学的两个模型和前馈神经控制器组成。模型分别采用改进的Elman神经网络和前馈多层感知器。训练好的Elman神经模型作为位置和方向标识符。离线训练前馈神经控制器,在线调整自适应权值来寻找参考力矩,控制移动机器人系统的稳态输出。反馈神经控制器基于姿态神经辨识器和二次性能指标优化算法,寻找暂态下最优转矩动作,进行超前n步预测。采用广义反向传播算法学习前馈神经控制器和姿态神经辨识器。仿真结果表明了所提出的自适应神经预测控制算法的有效性;这是由最小的跟踪误差和平滑的转矩控制信号得到有界的外部干扰证明。
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引用次数: 5
Constrained model predictive control of PEM fuel cell with guaranteed stability 保稳定性PEM燃料电池的约束模型预测控制
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356654
S. Minagar, Reza Ghaderi, A. R. Noey
In this paper, a constrained model predictive controller with guaranteed stability is proposed for a PEM fuel cell. The aim is to prevent oxygen starvation by controlling the air supply system, when the control system is affected by required stack current as a measurable disturbance. The compressor voltage is controlled to regulate the oxygen excess ratio towards a desired equilibrium to avoid oxygen starvation. A dual-mode controller is utilized to guarantee input-to-state stability. In a neighborhood of the target state, the control action is generated by a local state feedback controller and outside this neighborhood model predictive control is employed. Linear Matrix Inequalities is used to obtain a terminal cost and a local state-feedback control law to satisfy MPC input-to-state stabilization conditions. A nonlinear dynamical model of PEM fuel cell is used as a simulator. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller leads to improved stability and much less computations with respect to conventional GPC controllers.
针对PEM燃料电池,提出了一种具有保证稳定性的约束模型预测控制器。当控制系统受到所需的堆叠电流作为可测量扰动的影响时,其目的是通过控制供气系统来防止缺氧。控制压缩机电压以调节氧气过剩比,使其达到所需的平衡,以避免缺氧。采用双模控制器保证输入到状态的稳定性。在目标状态的邻域内,控制动作由局部状态反馈控制器产生,在邻域模型外采用预测控制。利用线性矩阵不等式得到满足MPC输入-状态稳定条件的终端代价和局部状态反馈控制律。采用PEM燃料电池的非线性动力学模型作为仿真模型。仿真结果表明,与传统的GPC控制器相比,该控制器具有更好的稳定性和更少的计算量。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid model predictive control of legless piezo capsubot 无腿压电胶囊机器人的混合模型预测控制
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356788
S. Kalantari, A. A. Farahani, A. Doustmohammadi, M. Menhaj, A. Suratgar, H. Talebi
In this paper, the hybrid modeling and predictive control of capsule robot (capsubot) systems are presented. First, the corresponding nonlinear state space equations are obtained from capsubot dynamics. Then, these state space equations are converted to a Piece-Wise Affine (PWA) system which is a class of hybrid systems. Next, this system is transformed to a Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) framework by defining binary variables representing the switching rules. At last, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme is designed for this framework using a quadratic cost function resulting in a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP). MPC approach excels other approaches due to its superiority in control of multivariable systems, unstable systems, non-minimum phase (NMP) systems, and systems with long delay. The main reason motivating us to use MPC for capsubot dynamics is its capability of handling constraints while reaching a desired performance. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
本文研究了胶囊机器人系统的混合建模与预测控制。首先,从胶囊机器人动力学中得到相应的非线性状态空间方程。然后,将这些状态空间方程转化为一类混合系统——逐块仿射系统。其次,通过定义表示切换规则的二进制变量,将该系统转换为混合逻辑动态(MLD)框架。最后,利用二次代价函数设计了模型预测控制(MPC)方案,实现了混合整数二次规划(MIQP)。MPC方法在多变量系统、不稳定系统、非最小相位(NMP)系统和长延迟系统的控制方面具有优势,优于其他方法。促使我们将MPC用于胶囊机器人动力学的主要原因是它在达到预期性能的同时处理约束的能力。仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Low speed control of an autonomous vehicle using a hybrid fractional order controller 基于混合分数阶控制器的自动驾驶汽车低速控制
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356641
S. Hosseinnia, I. Tejado, B. Vinagre, V. Milanés, J. Villagrá
Highly non-linear vehicle dynamics plays an important role in autonomous driving systems, especially in congested traffic situations at very low speeds. Due to this fact, accurate controllers are needed in order to ensure safety during navigation. In this paper, based on a previous fractional order speed control, an improved fractional order control is presented to control a commercial Citroën C3 prototype - which has automatic driving capabilities - at low speeds, which considers a hybrid model of the vehicle. Specifically, two different fractional order PIα controllers are designed to act over the throttle and brake pedals, respectively. Concerning to the uncertain dynamics of the system during the brake action parameters are tuned to design a robust controller. In addition, the system is modeled as hybrid fractional order differential inclusions. Experimental and simulation results, obtained in a real circuit, are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies for cruise control at low speeds.
高度非线性的车辆动力学在自动驾驶系统中起着重要的作用,特别是在低速拥挤的交通情况下。因此,为了保证航行过程中的安全,需要精确的控制器。本文在原有分数阶速度控制方法的基础上,提出了一种改进的分数阶速度控制方法,用于对具有自动驾驶能力的商用Citroën C3原型车进行低速控制,并考虑了车辆的混合动力模型。具体来说,设计了两个不同的分数阶PIα控制器分别作用于油门和刹车踏板。针对制动过程中系统动力学的不确定性,对系统参数进行了整定,设计了鲁棒控制器。此外,该系统被建模为混合分数阶微分夹杂。在实际电路中的实验和仿真结果验证了所提策略在低速巡航控制中的有效性。
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引用次数: 15
Kinematics analysis, dynamic modeling and verification of a CRRR 3-DOF spatial parallel robot CRRR三自由度空间并联机器人运动学分析、动力学建模与验证
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356809
A. Nazari, S. Moosavian, A. Hasani
In this paper, kinematics analysis and dynamic modeling of a novel spatial parallel robot is elaborated. The proposed mechanism is to be exploited in a compounded serial-parallel mobile robotic system to accomplish stabilized heavy object manipulation by a serial manipulator mounted on the parallel mechanism. In fact, this parallel mechanism has been designed to acquire a suitable maneuverability and fulfill the tipover avoidance of the aforementioned robotic system after grasping heavy objects. The proposed mechanism is made of three legs while each leg has one active degree of freedom (DOF) and consequently, the mechanism would be 3-DOF. In order to investigate this novel CRRR parallel robot, inverse kinematics of the mechanism is discussed. Next, the dynamic model of the mechanism is developed. Then, the verification of the obtained dynamic model is guaranteed utilizing two various rational maneuvers. Finally, the obtained results and remarks are concluded and the future research is expressed.
本文对一种新型空间并联机器人进行了运动学分析和动力学建模。将该机构应用于串并联复合移动机器人系统中,通过安装在并联机构上的串联机械手实现稳定的重物操纵。事实上,该并联机构的设计是为了获得适当的机动性,并实现上述机器人系统在抓取重物后的倾倒避免。所提出的机构由三条腿组成,每条腿有一个活动自由度,因此该机构为三自由度机构。为了研究这种新型CRRR并联机器人,对其机构进行了运动学逆分析。其次,建立了机构的动力学模型。然后,利用两种不同的合理机动,保证所得到的动态模型的正确性。最后,对所取得的成果和注意事项进行了总结,并对今后的研究进行了展望。
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引用次数: 2
Adjustable output voltage Zeta converter using neural network adaptive model reference control Zeta变换器输出电压可调采用神经网络自适应模型参考控制
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356718
B. Moaveni, H. Abdollahzadeh, M. Mazoochi
Zeta converters are the fourth-order DC-DC converters capable of operating in both step-up and step-down modes and do not suffer from the polarity reversal problem. There are many applications which require a variable output voltage commanded by an external reference signal. So, the Zeta converters can be particularly useful for such applications. To achieve a Zeta converter with adjustable output voltage capable of following an external reference signal smoothly and accurately, there will be a need for a suitable control system. Since the Zeta converter model that is used in this paper is nonlinear, we propose a combination scheme of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with neural networks (NN). In this paper, we propose and design a neural network adaptive model reference controller to control the output voltage of Zeta converter. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for the Zeta converters with adjustable output voltage.
Zeta转换器是四阶DC-DC转换器,能够在升压和降压模式下工作,并且不会受到极性反转问题的影响。有许多应用需要由外部参考信号控制的可变输出电压。因此,Zeta转换器对于此类应用特别有用。为了实现具有可调输出电压的Zeta转换器,能够平滑准确地跟随外部参考信号,将需要一个合适的控制系统。由于本文所使用的Zeta变换器模型是非线性的,我们提出了一种模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)与神经网络(NN)相结合的方案。本文提出并设计了一种神经网络自适应模型参考控制器来控制Zeta变换器的输出电压。仿真结果表明了该方案对输出电压可调的Zeta变换器的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Nonlinear robust control of flexible-link manipulator with fuzzy compensator: Experimental results 基于模糊补偿的柔性臂非线性鲁棒控制:实验结果
Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCIAUTOM.2011.6356797
H. Khorasgani, N. E. Ghiasi, A. Farshad, H. Talebi
This paper presents a methodology for trajectory control of single-link lightweight flexible manipulators. The objective is to control the trajectory of the tip position of the flexible-link manipulator in the presence of joint friction and output disturbances. Robust nonlinear approach is applied to guarantee system stability and to alleviate the degrading effects of uncertainties and nonlinearities presented in the dynamics of the system. Output redefinition is used to cancel the effects of the internal instability of the zero dynamic of the flexible-link. A drawback of this method, however, is that the controller is designed to track a new output trajectory. In fact, the difference between the tip position and new defined output could be significant and affects the tracking performance. To overcome this problem, a fuzzy compensator is employed. Simulation study and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed composite control strategy.
提出了一种单连杆轻型柔性机械臂轨迹控制方法。目标是在存在关节摩擦和输出扰动的情况下控制柔性连杆机械臂末端位置的轨迹。采用鲁棒非线性方法保证系统的稳定性,减轻系统动力学中的不确定性和非线性的退化效应。利用输出重定义消除了柔性连杆零动力内部不稳定性的影响。然而,这种方法的缺点是控制器被设计为跟踪新的输出轨迹。事实上,尖端位置和新定义的输出之间的差异可能是显著的,并影响跟踪性能。为了克服这一问题,采用了模糊补偿器。仿真研究和实验结果验证了所提出的复合控制策略的性能。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
The 2nd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Automation
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