{"title":"The Pragmatic Turn in Law: Inference and Interpretation in Legal Discourse by Janet Giltrow & Dieter Stein (eds.)","authors":"Sol Azuelos-Atias","doi":"10.1558/IJSLL.36449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/IJSLL.36449","url":null,"abstract":"The Pragmatic Turn in Law: Inference and Interpretation in Legal Discourse Janet Giltrow and Dieter Stein (eds.) (2017) De Gruyter 373pp","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"25 1","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43870007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies for disguise in written threatening communications and ransom demands: an analysis of English and German texts","authors":"Karoline Marko","doi":"10.1558/IJSLL.35084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/IJSLL.35084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"243-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41586891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Insights into the Semantics of Legal Concepts and the Legal Dictionary by Martina Bajčić (2017), John Benjamins Publishing Company xi + 222pp","authors":"Máirtín Mac Aodha","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.34752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.34752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"249-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44200128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to measure and evaluate commonly identified, yet rather inconsistent, acoustic correlates of speech under stress from authentic emergency call recordings. In this study, ten different acoustic parameters are measured from manually segmented /i/-vowels and hypotheses based on previous studies are statistically tested for a set of female emergency call recordings. The statistical analyses confirm that in comparison to the neutral speech group, the speech under stress group differs in fundamental frequency, shimmer, harmonicity, Hammarberg index, F1, F2, F3 and formant dispersion, which mostly supports the findings from previous studies. Conversely, jitter and vowel duration do not show any statistical difference between the speech under stress group and the neutral group. Furthermore, the results substantiate that stress recognition using different acoustic parameters is feasible from data sets as small as vowel segments; however, the effect of inter-speaker variation must not be underestimated. In future research, a stress detection model for telephone bandpass limited speech based on the optimal combination of acoustic parameters will be created.
{"title":"Acoustic correlates of female speech under stress based on /i/-vowel measurements","authors":"Lauri Tavi","doi":"10.1558/IJSLL.32506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/IJSLL.32506","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to measure and evaluate commonly identified, yet rather inconsistent, acoustic correlates of speech under stress from authentic emergency call recordings. In this study, ten different acoustic parameters are measured from manually segmented /i/-vowels and hypotheses based on previous studies are statistically tested for a set of female emergency call recordings. The statistical analyses confirm that in comparison to the neutral speech group, the speech under stress group differs in fundamental frequency, shimmer, harmonicity, Hammarberg index, F1, F2, F3 and formant dispersion, which mostly supports the findings from previous studies. Conversely, jitter and vowel duration do not show any statistical difference between the speech under stress group and the neutral group. Furthermore, the results substantiate that stress recognition using different acoustic parameters is feasible from data sets as small as vowel segments; however, the effect of inter-speaker variation must not be underestimated. In future research, a stress detection model for telephone bandpass limited speech based on the optimal combination of acoustic parameters will be created.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"227-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46074411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forensically relevant research on laughter is extremely limited in the literature; however, experts have reported analysing laughter in forensic speaker comparison casework (Gold and French 2011). This article describes a preliminary investigation into the potential speaker-specificity of laughter. A close social network of seven undergraduate university students took part in an open speaker identification task containing 4-second samples of their laughter. Overall, the network members performed much worse than in a similar study using speech samples (see Foulkes and Barron 2000), as each network member identified only one speaker correctly. The largest number of correct identifications of any speaker was three, while another three of the network members were never correctly identified. Previous studies that have also investigated laughter using voice line-ups have reported higher identification rates (Philippon, Randall and Cherryman 2013; Yarmey 2004). The differences between the results of the present study and previous studies may be explained by qualitative and quantitative differences in the laughter samples used, particularly differences in voicing and sample length. This suggests that longer samples of specifically voiced laughter may facilitate higher naive speaker identification rates. Further research is still needed on the possible speaker-specificity of voiced laughter but it may have the potential to be developed for use as a speaker discriminant in forensic phonetic casework.
{"title":"Speaker Identification Using Laughter in a Close Social Network","authors":"Elliott Land, E. Gold","doi":"10.1558/IJSLL.34552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/IJSLL.34552","url":null,"abstract":"Forensically relevant research on laughter is extremely limited in the literature;\u0000however, experts have reported analysing laughter in forensic speaker comparison\u0000casework (Gold and French 2011). This article describes a preliminary investigation into the potential speaker-specificity of laughter. A close social network of seven undergraduate university students took part in an open speaker identification task containing 4-second samples of their laughter. Overall, the network members performed much worse than in a similar study using speech samples (see Foulkes and Barron 2000), as each network member identified only one speaker correctly. The largest number of correct identifications of any speaker was three, while another three of the network members were never correctly identified. Previous studies that have also investigated laughter using voice line-ups have reported higher identification rates (Philippon, Randall and Cherryman 2013; Yarmey 2004). The differences between the results of the present study and previous studies may be explained by qualitative and quantitative differences in the laughter samples used, particularly differences in voicing and sample length. This suggests that longer samples of specifically voiced laughter may facilitate higher naive speaker identification rates. Further research is still needed on the possible speaker-specificity of voiced laughter but it may have the potential to be developed for use as a speaker discriminant in forensic phonetic casework.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"201-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41443306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hale, M. S. Roque, David L. Spencer, Jemina Napier
Australian deaf citizens are currently not permitted to perform jury duty, primarily due to their inability to hear the evidence and deliberate without the help of interpreters. Although interpreters are routinely employed to interpret for defendants or witnesses in court, current legal frameworks do not permit interpreters to enter the deliberation room as a ‘thirteenth person’, for fear that they may influence the jurors in their decision-making. Other objections to allowing deaf citizens to act as jurors include uncertainty about their ability to participate fully in the discussions, the impact the deaf juror’s and interpreter’s presence may have on the dynamics of the deliberations and on turn taking, and the logistics and cost involved. Yet, deaf citizens see it as their right to be able to perform this very important civic duty, and recent decisions at the international level indicate that excluding deaf citizens from jury duty should be considered unlawful discrimination. This paper will present results from the analysis of the jury deliberations with one deaf juror and two Auslan interpreters, and from a focus group discussion with the eleven hearing jurors and an interview with the deaf juror about their experience. The jury deliberation is one section of a large-scale study on the participation of deaf jurors in a criminal trial with Auslan interpreters, in New South Wales.
{"title":"Deaf citizens as jurors in Australian courts: Participating via professional interpreters","authors":"S. Hale, M. S. Roque, David L. Spencer, Jemina Napier","doi":"10.1558/IJSLL.32896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/IJSLL.32896","url":null,"abstract":"Australian deaf citizens are currently not permitted to perform jury duty, primarily due to their inability to hear the evidence and deliberate without the help of interpreters. Although interpreters are routinely employed to interpret for defendants or witnesses in court, current legal frameworks do not permit interpreters to enter the deliberation room as a ‘thirteenth person’, for fear that they may influence the jurors in their decision-making. Other objections to allowing deaf citizens to act as jurors include uncertainty about their ability to participate fully in the discussions, the impact the deaf juror’s and interpreter’s presence may have on the dynamics of the deliberations and on turn taking, and the logistics and cost involved. Yet, deaf citizens see it as their right to be able to perform this very important civic duty, and recent decisions at the international level indicate that excluding deaf citizens from jury duty should be considered unlawful discrimination. This paper will present results from the analysis of the jury deliberations with one deaf juror and two Auslan interpreters, and from a focus group discussion with the eleven hearing jurors and an interview with the deaf juror about their experience. The jury deliberation is one section of a large-scale study on the participation of deaf jurors in a criminal trial with Auslan interpreters, in New South Wales.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"151-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aging effects on voice features used in forensic speaker comparison","authors":"Richard Rhodes","doi":"10.1558/IJSLL.34096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/IJSLL.34096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"177-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Truth to Technique at Trial: A Discursive History of Advocacy Advice Texts by Philip Gaines (2016), Oxford University Press xii + 219pp","authors":"G. Stygall","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.34778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.34778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47703499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thesis investigates how using a discourse pragmatic approach gives insight into the complexities of hand-written interrogation records. Data come from eighteen Egyptian interrogations from the years 2007 to 2011. It includes five interrogations with ex-president Hosni Mubarak and his two sons, Gamal, and Alaa, which took place in 2011 after the 25th January revolution, as well as with ordinary workers, traders and company managers. In addition, data include interrogations in criminal cases with a variety of offences such as drugs, murder, political cases and embezzlement. This study examines the pragmatic and linguistic choices that prosecutors and suspects make to express power relations, modes of resistance and information gathering/confirmation in inquisitorial interviews in Egypt. This helps give insights into questioning practices in Egypt’s legal system and the interactional goals and methods of such speech events. In addition, it includes exploring the challenges of analysing and translating a written record, and establishing the journey of a suspect’s statement in Egyptian interrogations. Analysis reveals that suspects were able to resist some of prosecution’s accusations and control. However, the more controlling the questions became the less able were they to answer cooperatively while maintaining their innocence on the record. Exceptions to that were suspects who received legal advice from lawyers or worked in the legal field. Questioning strategies such as the use of and/wa-prefaced questions and Put on Record (POR) questions in the data have revealed that the current recording practices are sometimes limiting and coercive whether intended or not due to the special attention given to recording the institutional version of the narrative. Moreover, suspects are not invited to freely give their own narrative. This results in the production of an altered interrogation record. Implications for the field of Egyptian interrogations and interrogation more widely are discussed.
{"title":"Power and resistance in interrogations of suspects in the Egyptian judicial process","authors":"Alan A. Saeed, Neveen Saeed Abd Al Kareem","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.20435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.20435","url":null,"abstract":"The thesis investigates how using a discourse pragmatic approach gives insight into the complexities of hand-written interrogation records. Data come from eighteen Egyptian interrogations from the years 2007 to 2011. It includes five interrogations with ex-president Hosni Mubarak and his two sons, Gamal, and Alaa, which took place in 2011 after the 25th January revolution, as well as with ordinary workers, traders and company managers. In addition, data include interrogations in criminal cases with a variety of offences such as drugs, murder, political cases and embezzlement. This study examines the pragmatic and linguistic choices that prosecutors and suspects make to express power relations, modes of resistance and information gathering/confirmation in inquisitorial interviews in Egypt. This helps give insights into questioning practices in Egypt’s legal system and the interactional goals and methods of such speech events. In addition, it includes exploring the challenges of analysing and translating a written record, and establishing the journey of a suspect’s statement in Egyptian interrogations. \u0000Analysis reveals that suspects were able to resist some of prosecution’s accusations and control. However, the more controlling the questions became the less able were they to answer cooperatively while maintaining their innocence on the record. Exceptions to that were suspects who received legal advice from lawyers or worked in the legal field. Questioning strategies such as the use of and/wa-prefaced questions and Put on Record (POR) questions in the data have revealed that the current recording practices are sometimes limiting and coercive whether intended or not due to the special attention given to recording the institutional version of the narrative. Moreover, suspects are not invited to freely give their own narrative. This results in the production of an altered interrogation record. Implications for the field of Egyptian interrogations and interrogation more widely are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44885070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the use of tag questions in five crisis negotiations to simultaneously minimize power asymmetries and assert influence over subjects. I utilize an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach to identify the discursive functions that different types of tag questions fulfill for the crisis negotiators. I find that facilitative tag questions reinforce a ‘collaborative problem solving’ frame (Tannen & Wallat 1993) and minimize the significance of the subject’s negative actions, while softening tag questions turn orders into requests to influence the subject’s decision-making. The successful use of tag questions for these purposes allows the negotiator to appear empathic while maintaining control of the overall situation. This paper contributes to linguistic and practitioner understandings by 1) operationalizing goals like 'rapport' and 'influence' and 2) identifying the functions that tag questions can serve in this high-stakes interactional context.
{"title":"Power, solidarity and tag questions in crisis negotiations","authors":"Gabriel Rubin","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.31003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.31003","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the use of tag questions in five crisis negotiations to simultaneously minimize power asymmetries and assert influence over subjects. I utilize an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach to identify the discursive functions that different types of tag questions fulfill for the crisis negotiators. I find that facilitative tag questions reinforce a ‘collaborative problem solving’ frame (Tannen & Wallat 1993) and minimize the significance of the subject’s negative actions, while softening tag questions turn orders into requests to influence the subject’s decision-making. The successful use of tag questions for these purposes allows the negotiator to appear empathic while maintaining control of the overall situation. This paper contributes to linguistic and practitioner understandings by 1) operationalizing goals like 'rapport' and 'influence' and 2) identifying the functions that tag questions can serve in this high-stakes interactional context.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"24 1","pages":"45-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45195027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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