On 13 July 2014, 18-year-old Conrad Henri Roy III committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. Conrad’s girlfriend, Michelle Carter, was accused of encouraging his suicide through a series of text messages and a phone call insisting Conrad ‘get back in the car’ which was filling with carbon monoxide; she was eventually found guilty on charges of involuntary manslaughter, a charge which sparked discussion around the lack of encouraged suicide legislation. This article examines the text messages between Michelle Carter and Conrad Roy and asks what we can learn from them for the purpose of designing analytical frameworks for courtroom evidence in cases of encouraged suicide. Using the attitude sub-system of appraisal analysis, Carter’s evaluation of emotive states, judgement of Roy’s character and level of value awarded to certain concepts are considered alongside how these appraisals may have been employed to elicit a persuasion response.
{"title":"Using appraisal theory and the texts of Michelle Carter to assist in developing a means of analysing evidence in encouraged suicide cases","authors":"Lily Rae Calloway","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.21783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.21783","url":null,"abstract":"On 13 July 2014, 18-year-old Conrad Henri Roy III committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. Conrad’s girlfriend, Michelle Carter, was accused of encouraging his suicide through a series of text messages and a phone call insisting Conrad ‘get back in the car’ which was filling with carbon monoxide; she was eventually found guilty on charges of involuntary manslaughter, a charge which sparked discussion around the lack of encouraged suicide legislation. This article examines the text messages between Michelle Carter and Conrad Roy and asks what we can learn from them for the purpose of designing analytical frameworks for courtroom evidence in cases of encouraged suicide. Using the attitude sub-system of appraisal analysis, Carter’s evaluation of emotive states, judgement of Roy’s character and level of value awarded to certain concepts are considered alongside how these appraisals may have been employed to elicit a persuasion response.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"66 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135644904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book announcements","authors":"Richard Powell","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.26387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.26387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136392595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper provides an up-to-date summary of how the US legal system treats evidence that uses the forensic stylistics method of authorship attribution analysis. Many scholars in both law and linguistics have written about some of the more notable cases on this issue, but none have attempted to trace the entire line of relevant case law since the advent of modern forensic stylistics, and relatively few summaries of any case law have appeared in the last ten years. It is hoped that a fresh look with updated legal research can add new insights for litigants, lawyers and linguists alike.
{"title":"‘A shifting precipice of unsettled law’?","authors":"John Terry Dundon","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.23788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.23788","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an up-to-date summary of how the US legal system treats evidence that uses the forensic stylistics method of authorship attribution analysis. Many scholars in both law and linguistics have written about some of the more notable cases on this issue, but none have attempted to trace the entire line of relevant case law since the advent of modern forensic stylistics, and relatively few summaries of any case law have appeared in the last ten years. It is hoped that a fresh look with updated legal research can add new insights for litigants, lawyers and linguists alike.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73506216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New Advances in Legal Translation and Interpreting Junfeng Zhao, Defeng Li and Victoria Lai Cheng Lei (2023)Springer. 264pp
法律翻译与口译的新进展:赵俊峰，李德峰，赖丽萍，雷成(2023)，斯普林格。264页
{"title":"'New Advances in Legal Translation and Interpreting' Junfeng Zhao, Defeng Li and Victoria Lai Cheng Lei (2023)","authors":"Ran Yi","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.26388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.26388","url":null,"abstract":"New Advances in Legal Translation and Interpreting Junfeng Zhao, Defeng Li and Victoria Lai Cheng Lei (2023)Springer. 264pp","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73679955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper argues that there are three separable but related dimensions that are important to the legal notion of consent. One is a consenting state of mind, the ‘going along with’ a plan of action, which may or may not be communicated or even reflected upon, but which certainly can be. A second is displaying behaviour which reveals or is an expression of consenting. Another is intentionally communicating consent. I illustrate how the communicative act is often vitally important as evidence of an underlying consenting state, but the underlying consenting state has to be postulated and brought to the fore since consensual actions (e.g. sexual intercourse) can, and more often than not do, take place without the communicative acts, and the communicative acts might for various reasons be made in the absence of the genuinely consenting state of mind. The arguments I put forward offer a reframing of cases in which an apparent intentional communication of consent was treated as consent, rather than as a piece of evidence which may or may not be indicative of a consenting state of mind. This paper emphasises that we must not allow the importance of something as evidential to eclipse the underlying phenomenon, which is itself, however hard to access otherwise, the thing of primary legal importance.
{"title":"Do you read me?","authors":"F. Deamer","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.21000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.21000","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that there are three separable but related dimensions that are important to the legal notion of consent. One is a consenting state of mind, the ‘going along with’ a plan of action, which may or may not be communicated or even reflected upon, but which certainly can be. A second is displaying behaviour which reveals or is an expression of consenting. Another is intentionally communicating consent. I illustrate how the communicative act is often vitally important as evidence of an underlying consenting state, but the underlying consenting state has to be postulated and brought to the fore since consensual actions (e.g. sexual intercourse) can, and more often than not do, take place without the communicative acts, and the communicative acts might for various reasons be made in the absence of the genuinely consenting state of mind. The arguments I put forward offer a reframing of cases in which an apparent intentional communication of consent was treated as consent, rather than as a piece of evidence which may or may not be indicative of a consenting state of mind. This paper emphasises that we must not allow the importance of something as evidential to eclipse the underlying phenomenon, which is itself, however hard to access otherwise, the thing of primary legal importance.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82230172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated whether a stronger accent in the L2 of Cantonese-English bilingual speakers with high levels of English proficiency correlates with greater convergence of corresponding vowels (four monophthongs (/i a (a) c u/ and five diphthongs /ai au ei ci ou (eu)/) between their two languages in identical phonetic environments. No consistent effect of accent rating was found in either acoustic or perceptual similarity measures. Much individual variation and vowel-specific patterns were observed. The results demonstrate that the formant patterns in one language or one vowel cannot predict those in another language or another vowel, even with highly comparable materials and speakers with a relatively strong accent. Possible reasons and implications for the lack of correlation between accentedness and vowel convergence are discussed.
本研究调查了英语水平较高的粤语-英语双语者在相同语音环境下，其较强的第二语言口音是否与两种语言之间相应的元音(四个单音元音(/i a (a) c u/和五个双音元音/ai au ei ci ou (eu)/)更大的收敛相关。在声学或感知相似性测量中，没有发现口音评级的一致影响。观察到许多个体差异和元音特定模式。结果表明，一种语言或一个元音的形成峰模式不能预测另一种语言或另一个元音的形成峰模式，即使是高度相似的材料和口音相对较重的说话者。讨论了重音与元音收敛之间缺乏相关性的可能原因和影响。
{"title":"How similar are the formants in the speech of bilingual speakers?","authors":"P. Mok, H. Fung, G. W. Cao, Chun Wai Leung","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.22946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.22946","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether a stronger accent in the L2 of Cantonese-English bilingual speakers with high levels of English proficiency correlates with greater convergence of corresponding vowels (four monophthongs (/i a (a) c u/ and five diphthongs /ai au ei ci ou (eu)/) between their two languages in identical phonetic environments. No consistent effect of accent rating was found in either acoustic or perceptual similarity measures. Much individual variation and vowel-specific patterns were observed. The results demonstrate that the formant patterns in one language or one vowel cannot predict those in another language or another vowel, even with highly comparable materials and speakers with a relatively strong accent. Possible reasons and implications for the lack of correlation between accentedness and vowel convergence are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85707009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forensic Linguistics in Australia: Origins, Progress and ProspectsDiana Eades, Helen Fraser and Georgina Heydon (2023)Cambridge University Press. 90 pp.
{"title":"'Forensic Linguistics in Australia: Origins, Progress and Prospects' (2023)","authors":"A. Grey","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.26680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.26680","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic Linguistics in Australia: Origins, Progress and ProspectsDiana Eades, Helen Fraser and Georgina Heydon (2023)Cambridge University Press. 90 pp.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"326 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80379905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Research FellowUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
玛格丽塔·萨拉斯西班牙巴塞罗那大学博士后研究员
{"title":"Age, sex and first language for the forensic linguistic profiling of teenagers in Catalan","authors":"Roser Giménez García","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.23263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.23263","url":null,"abstract":"Margarita Salas Postdoctoral Research FellowUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86058355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Tompkinson, Kate Haworth, F. Deamer, Emma Richardson
This article examines whether the representation of linguistic features within transcripts and audio recordings of police interviews can influence people’s perceptions of the interviewee. We specifically examine the influence of the representation of pauses through an experimental methodology. Participants were presented with a police interview either in audio format or in one of a series of transcript formats and asked to make a series of judgements about the interviewee. We manipulated both the presence and representation of pauses within the audio and transcript stimuli to assess how this would influence perceptions. Results showed differences between perceptions of the interviewee in the audio and transcript conditions, and that different representations of pauses within transcripts created perceptual instability between participants. The findings illustrate that the presence and representation of linguistic features in transcripts can affect perceptual judgements. We argue this should be explicitly considered by those using transcripts within the legal system.
{"title":"Perceptual instability in police interview records","authors":"J. Tompkinson, Kate Haworth, F. Deamer, Emma Richardson","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.24565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.24565","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines whether the representation of linguistic features within transcripts and audio recordings of police interviews can influence people’s perceptions of the interviewee. We specifically examine the influence of the representation of pauses through an experimental methodology. Participants were presented with a police interview either in audio format or in one of a series of transcript formats and asked to make a series of judgements about the interviewee. We manipulated both the presence and representation of pauses within the audio and transcript stimuli to assess how this would influence perceptions. Results showed differences between perceptions of the interviewee in the audio and transcript conditions, and that different representations of pauses within transcripts created perceptual instability between participants. The findings illustrate that the presence and representation of linguistic features in transcripts can affect perceptual judgements. We argue this should be explicitly considered by those using transcripts within the legal system.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74715957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The idea of detecting deception from speech is very attractive from a law enforcement perspective, yet research considering the possibility has yielded conflicting results, due to the practical difficulties in investigating the topic. Scientific research is yet to provide forensic linguistics with a reliable means of discerning lies from truths. The present study explores the relationship between truthfulness and pausing behaviour. Various aspects of the acoustics of pausing behaviour were investigated for Standard Southern British English in 30 mock police interviews from the DyViS database (Nolan et al. 2009). A novel distinction was made between prescribed and unprescribed lies, to delineate a potential source of differences in the unscripted content of speakers’ untruthful responses. Among pause duration measures, statistically significant differences were found across all three response types (truth, prescribed lie, unprescribed lie) for response latency, between truths and lies for initial filled pauses, and between unprescribed lies and the other response types for silent pauses. For pause frequency measures, only internal filled pauses showed a statistically significant difference: truths differed from both types of lies, but prescribed lies did not differ from unprescribed lies. Theories of cognitive effort and attempted control are drawn on in accounting for these findings.
从执法的角度来看，从言语中检测欺骗的想法非常有吸引力，但由于调查该主题的实际困难，考虑到这种可能性的研究产生了相互矛盾的结果。科学研究还没有为司法语言学提供一种可靠的方法来辨别真假。本研究探讨了真实性与停顿行为之间的关系。在DyViS数据库的30个模拟警察访谈中，对标准英国南部英语中暂停行为的声学各个方面进行了调查(Nolan et al. 2009)。研究人员对规定的谎言和非规定的谎言进行了新颖的区分，以描述说话者不诚实回答中非规定内容差异的潜在来源。在暂停时间测量中，在所有三种反应类型(真相、规定的谎言、非规定的谎言)中，在反应延迟中，在真实和谎言之间，在初始填充停顿中，在非规定的谎言和其他反应类型之间，在沉默停顿中，都发现了统计学上显著的差异。对于暂停频率的测量，只有内部填充的停顿显示出统计学上的显著差异:事实与两种类型的谎言不同，但规定的谎言与非规定的谎言没有区别。认知努力理论和尝试控制理论被用来解释这些发现。
{"title":"Pausing and the ‘Othello Error’","authors":"Stephanie C. Jat, K. McDougall, Alice Paver","doi":"10.1558/ijsll.24331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsll.24331","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of detecting deception from speech is very attractive from a law enforcement perspective, yet research considering the possibility has yielded conflicting results, due to the practical difficulties in investigating the topic. Scientific research is yet to provide forensic linguistics with a reliable means of discerning lies from truths. The present study explores the relationship between truthfulness and pausing behaviour. Various aspects of the acoustics of pausing behaviour were investigated for Standard Southern British English in 30 mock police interviews from the DyViS database (Nolan et al. 2009). A novel distinction was made between prescribed and unprescribed lies, to delineate a potential source of differences in the unscripted content of speakers’ untruthful responses. Among pause duration measures, statistically significant differences were found across all three response types (truth, prescribed lie, unprescribed lie) for response latency, between truths and lies for initial filled pauses, and between unprescribed lies and the other response types for silent pauses. For pause frequency measures, only internal filled pauses showed a statistically significant difference: truths differed from both types of lies, but prescribed lies did not differ from unprescribed lies. Theories of cognitive effort and attempted control are drawn on in accounting for these findings.","PeriodicalId":43843,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Speech Language and the Law","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89436004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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