Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142901
Macy Spears, S. Hedjazi, H. Taheri
ABSTRACT The ability to evaluate civil structures without altering or damaging the materials is becoming increasingly important and useful for the maintenance of infrastructure. The technique to analyze and test materials for weaknesses without causing destruction is referred to as non-destructive evaluation or testing. Specifically, a common method of this type of inspection is called ground penetrating radar (GPR), which is desired in many construction applications. With use of electromagnetic energy, GPR has the capability to locate buried objects in materials because of the differences in electrical and magnetic properties that are encountered. Valuable data can be obtained on these subsurface objects, allowing for an understanding on the properties and making proper judgment on the structure possible. This study explores the approaches in which GPR has been implemented for the assessment of the following structures: pavement, reinforced concrete, railway ballast, soil and buried pipes. Through different data acquisition and processing techniques, results show that there is great success when using GPR for collecting information for verifying the state and condition of these materials.
{"title":"Ground penetrating radar applications and implementations in civil construction","authors":"Macy Spears, S. Hedjazi, H. Taheri","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142901","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ability to evaluate civil structures without altering or damaging the materials is becoming increasingly important and useful for the maintenance of infrastructure. The technique to analyze and test materials for weaknesses without causing destruction is referred to as non-destructive evaluation or testing. Specifically, a common method of this type of inspection is called ground penetrating radar (GPR), which is desired in many construction applications. With use of electromagnetic energy, GPR has the capability to locate buried objects in materials because of the differences in electrical and magnetic properties that are encountered. Valuable data can be obtained on these subsurface objects, allowing for an understanding on the properties and making proper judgment on the structure possible. This study explores the approaches in which GPR has been implemented for the assessment of the following structures: pavement, reinforced concrete, railway ballast, soil and buried pipes. Through different data acquisition and processing techniques, results show that there is great success when using GPR for collecting information for verifying the state and condition of these materials.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142900
A. Alyaseen, C. V. Siva Rama Prasad, Arunava Poddar, Navsal Kumar, Reham R. Mostafa, Fadi Almohammed, P. Sihag
ABSTRACT Concrete is the most common building material used in construction activities, but concrete cracks are inevitable thus is one of its major disadvantages. The major downside of the concrete is its lower Splitting Tensile Strength (STS) attributable to the micro crack. Bacteria have recently been utilized to self-heal concrete, treat cracks, and consolidate different construction materials. However, since the testing of the mechanical properties of concrete is time-consuming, involves destructive methods, poses material wastage, and is labor-intensive, an alternative precise strength evaluation technique is required to minimize effort and time. In the current investigation, various computational techniques, such as M5P, Random Forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM), and Linear regression (LR), were used to predict the splitting strength of concrete using experimental datasets. The Pearson VII kernel function-based SVM (SVM-PUK) strategy was determined to be the most effective and accurate technique to predict the splitting strength value compared to other used models using Correlation Coefficient (CC) values based on statistical assessments, Box plot, and Taylor diagram. Results of the sensitivity analysis, among the other input variables used in this study to predict concrete splitting strength, reveal that curing time in days (T) is the most significant variable.
{"title":"Application of soft computing techniques for the prediction of splitting tensile strength in bacterial concrete","authors":"A. Alyaseen, C. V. Siva Rama Prasad, Arunava Poddar, Navsal Kumar, Reham R. Mostafa, Fadi Almohammed, P. Sihag","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142900","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Concrete is the most common building material used in construction activities, but concrete cracks are inevitable thus is one of its major disadvantages. The major downside of the concrete is its lower Splitting Tensile Strength (STS) attributable to the micro crack. Bacteria have recently been utilized to self-heal concrete, treat cracks, and consolidate different construction materials. However, since the testing of the mechanical properties of concrete is time-consuming, involves destructive methods, poses material wastage, and is labor-intensive, an alternative precise strength evaluation technique is required to minimize effort and time. In the current investigation, various computational techniques, such as M5P, Random Forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM), and Linear regression (LR), were used to predict the splitting strength of concrete using experimental datasets. The Pearson VII kernel function-based SVM (SVM-PUK) strategy was determined to be the most effective and accurate technique to predict the splitting strength value compared to other used models using Correlation Coefficient (CC) values based on statistical assessments, Box plot, and Taylor diagram. Results of the sensitivity analysis, among the other input variables used in this study to predict concrete splitting strength, reveal that curing time in days (T) is the most significant variable.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46803342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142896
H. Ahmad, A. Mahboubi, A. Noorzad, M. Zamanian
ABSTRACT This study reports the results of experiments conducted on strip foundations with and without reinforced geogrids over fine sand and with a wraparound geogrid arrangement. A load up to 25 kN was applied to the strip foundations to determine the loading-settlement response. These tests examined the number of planar and folded geogrid sheets, the placement of folded geogrids in the soil bed, the thickness of folded geogrid sheets, the length of wraps and overlaps, and the spacing between folded and planar geogrid sheets. The results indicate that the performance of the foundations due to static loading is better for folded geogrid-reinforced sand than for planar geogrid-reinforced sand. Overall, the results demonstrate that reinforced soil foundations with sufficiently folded geogrid layers behave much stiffer and thus can support higher loads with a lower settlement than planar reinforced soils. Moreover, the results indicate that the values of the embedment depth of the overlap element (d), the lower part (D), and the thickness (x) of the folded geogrid are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2 of the foundation widths (B), respectively. As a result, by increasing the number of geogrid layers, the settlement rate is reduced significantly, and it is recommended that these layers be placed vertically without vertical spacing (h/B = 0).
{"title":"Load-settlement response of strip footing overlaid fine sand strengthened with different arrangements of geogrid inclusions","authors":"H. Ahmad, A. Mahboubi, A. Noorzad, M. Zamanian","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142896","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study reports the results of experiments conducted on strip foundations with and without reinforced geogrids over fine sand and with a wraparound geogrid arrangement. A load up to 25 kN was applied to the strip foundations to determine the loading-settlement response. These tests examined the number of planar and folded geogrid sheets, the placement of folded geogrids in the soil bed, the thickness of folded geogrid sheets, the length of wraps and overlaps, and the spacing between folded and planar geogrid sheets. The results indicate that the performance of the foundations due to static loading is better for folded geogrid-reinforced sand than for planar geogrid-reinforced sand. Overall, the results demonstrate that reinforced soil foundations with sufficiently folded geogrid layers behave much stiffer and thus can support higher loads with a lower settlement than planar reinforced soils. Moreover, the results indicate that the values of the embedment depth of the overlap element (d), the lower part (D), and the thickness (x) of the folded geogrid are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2 of the foundation widths (B), respectively. As a result, by increasing the number of geogrid layers, the settlement rate is reduced significantly, and it is recommended that these layers be placed vertically without vertical spacing (h/B = 0).","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142895
A. Chourasia, Shubham Singhal, Akshat Chourasia
ABSTRACT The paper attempts to establish a relationship between strength of laterite units and mortar to predict masonry strength and elastic modulus of laterite masonry based on material properties reported in literature. The properties obtained from derived analytical models were used as input parameters for finite element analysis (FEA) of laterite confined masonry (LCM) buildings under quasi-static loading. Numerical studies were performed on LCM buildings up to four stories to study seismic behaviour. LCM buildings upto three storeys demonstrated stresses within the permissible limits for the wall thickness of 150 mm, while four storey LCM building showed high stress concentration exceeding the permissible limits, for which ground storey wall thickness may be increased to 300 mm. One storey LCM building resisted lateral load equivalent to 1.02 g of its mass, while the corresponding values for two, three and four storey LCM buildings were 0.40 g, 0.23 g and 0.13 g, respectively. LCM buildings up to three storey demonstrated maximum damage index in the range of 0.8 to 0.85, indicating collapse prevention state. Howbeit, four storey LCM building exhibited damage index of 0.91 at maximum displacement, which corresponds to collapse state.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of laterite confined masonry building subjected to quasi-static monotonic lateral loading","authors":"A. Chourasia, Shubham Singhal, Akshat Chourasia","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper attempts to establish a relationship between strength of laterite units and mortar to predict masonry strength and elastic modulus of laterite masonry based on material properties reported in literature. The properties obtained from derived analytical models were used as input parameters for finite element analysis (FEA) of laterite confined masonry (LCM) buildings under quasi-static loading. Numerical studies were performed on LCM buildings up to four stories to study seismic behaviour. LCM buildings upto three storeys demonstrated stresses within the permissible limits for the wall thickness of 150 mm, while four storey LCM building showed high stress concentration exceeding the permissible limits, for which ground storey wall thickness may be increased to 300 mm. One storey LCM building resisted lateral load equivalent to 1.02 g of its mass, while the corresponding values for two, three and four storey LCM buildings were 0.40 g, 0.23 g and 0.13 g, respectively. LCM buildings up to three storey demonstrated maximum damage index in the range of 0.8 to 0.85, indicating collapse prevention state. Howbeit, four storey LCM building exhibited damage index of 0.91 at maximum displacement, which corresponds to collapse state.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2023.2165467
H. R. Wang, K. H. Yang, H. Yoon, J. Lee
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of different crack-control devices at the re-entrant corners of openings on the out-of-plane flexural performance of reinforced concrete walls. The conventional diagonal bar arrangement, stress dispersion shell plate, and crack-control strip were arranged at each corner of the opening to control the localized diagonal tension cracks at the re-entrants. Four wall specimens with window openings were tested under constant axial loads and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads. The actual cover thickness was considered in the prediction of the flexural strength of the walls. The out-of-plane flexural lateral load – lateral displacement response of the walls was not dependent on the crack-control devices but was appreciably affected by the cover thickness. An increase in the cover thickness leads to a decrease in the lateral load capacity and ductility. The out-of-plane moment capacity of walls could be conservatively assessed by a conventional flexural analysis procedure, such as the equivalent stress block for reinforced concrete structures, regardless of the consideration of crack-control devices.
{"title":"Effect of crack control approaches around opening on out-of-plane flexural response of walls","authors":"H. R. Wang, K. H. Yang, H. Yoon, J. Lee","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2023.2165467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2023.2165467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of different crack-control devices at the re-entrant corners of openings on the out-of-plane flexural performance of reinforced concrete walls. The conventional diagonal bar arrangement, stress dispersion shell plate, and crack-control strip were arranged at each corner of the opening to control the localized diagonal tension cracks at the re-entrants. Four wall specimens with window openings were tested under constant axial loads and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads. The actual cover thickness was considered in the prediction of the flexural strength of the walls. The out-of-plane flexural lateral load – lateral displacement response of the walls was not dependent on the crack-control devices but was appreciably affected by the cover thickness. An increase in the cover thickness leads to a decrease in the lateral load capacity and ductility. The out-of-plane moment capacity of walls could be conservatively assessed by a conventional flexural analysis procedure, such as the equivalent stress block for reinforced concrete structures, regardless of the consideration of crack-control devices.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46930917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2088057
S. Hwang, S. Kim, Y. S. Choi, K. Yang
ABSTRACT This study tests two full-scale unreinforced masonry (URM) walls under constant axial stress and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads and proposes mathematical models to predict their rocking and toe crushingstrengths based on the elasticity and plasticity theorems of concrete. The two specimens were designed to simulate a non-perforated URM wall without opening and a URM wall with a door opening. Parallel walls with a length of 590 mm and thickness of 190 mm were constructed at the both ends of the walls in the out-of-plane direction, producing a barbell-shaped section. Test results showed that the URM wall specimens were initially governed by the rocking rotation and then ultimately failed with compressive toe crushing. The value of the equivalent damping coefficient mostly remained constant up to the occurrence of rocking rotation, beyond which it gradually increased. The effect of a door opening on the out-of-plane seismic response of the URM wall was insignificant because the applied lateral loads were resisted mainly by the in-plane action of the auxiliary parallel walls. The proposed models accurately estimated the rocking and toe crushing strengths of URM walls under out-of-plane lateral loads.
{"title":"Out-of-Plane lateral load capacity of unreinforced masonry walls","authors":"S. Hwang, S. Kim, Y. S. Choi, K. Yang","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2088057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2088057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study tests two full-scale unreinforced masonry (URM) walls under constant axial stress and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads and proposes mathematical models to predict their rocking and toe crushingstrengths based on the elasticity and plasticity theorems of concrete. The two specimens were designed to simulate a non-perforated URM wall without opening and a URM wall with a door opening. Parallel walls with a length of 590 mm and thickness of 190 mm were constructed at the both ends of the walls in the out-of-plane direction, producing a barbell-shaped section. Test results showed that the URM wall specimens were initially governed by the rocking rotation and then ultimately failed with compressive toe crushing. The value of the equivalent damping coefficient mostly remained constant up to the occurrence of rocking rotation, beyond which it gradually increased. The effect of a door opening on the out-of-plane seismic response of the URM wall was insignificant because the applied lateral loads were resisted mainly by the in-plane action of the auxiliary parallel walls. The proposed models accurately estimated the rocking and toe crushing strengths of URM walls under out-of-plane lateral loads.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47718743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2088071
Isaias A. Colombani, B. Andrawes
ABSTRACT As the demand for field testing of bridges grows, so does the need to optimize field testing procedures to allow for a simplified testing strategy that can be employed more effectively. With the advent of computer vision, there has been limited research exploring Feature-Based Image Registration (FBIR) methods for structural testing of bridges. In this paper, the potential of a simple FBIR approach to accurately capture submillimeter displacements using consumer-grade cameras will be demonstrated through a field test on a reinforced concrete slab bridge and on a full-scale bridge deck specimen in the laboratory. The internal and external parameters that influence the results of this measurement strategy were investigated by using various camera positions during the laboratory tests and applying different threshold parameters to the Speeded-Up Robust Features algorithm used for the feature detection and matching. The FBIR method demonstrates great potential, producing an average measurement accuracy within 1.6% of conventional displacement sensors during the field test and 3.3% during the laboratory tests. Altogether, the advantages to this image-based measurement approach enhance the load testing strategy to be implemented by bridge owners at much lower costs and with minimal complication and field setup.
{"title":"A study of multi-target image-based displacement measurement approach for field testing of bridges","authors":"Isaias A. Colombani, B. Andrawes","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2088071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2088071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the demand for field testing of bridges grows, so does the need to optimize field testing procedures to allow for a simplified testing strategy that can be employed more effectively. With the advent of computer vision, there has been limited research exploring Feature-Based Image Registration (FBIR) methods for structural testing of bridges. In this paper, the potential of a simple FBIR approach to accurately capture submillimeter displacements using consumer-grade cameras will be demonstrated through a field test on a reinforced concrete slab bridge and on a full-scale bridge deck specimen in the laboratory. The internal and external parameters that influence the results of this measurement strategy were investigated by using various camera positions during the laboratory tests and applying different threshold parameters to the Speeded-Up Robust Features algorithm used for the feature detection and matching. The FBIR method demonstrates great potential, producing an average measurement accuracy within 1.6% of conventional displacement sensors during the field test and 3.3% during the laboratory tests. Altogether, the advantages to this image-based measurement approach enhance the load testing strategy to be implemented by bridge owners at much lower costs and with minimal complication and field setup.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47467202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2088070
João Conde Silva, C. Serra
ABSTRACT Injecting discontinuities is a recurrent procedure for the rehabilitation of concrete hydraulic structures, namely repairing cracked dam bodies and deteriorated lift and contraction joints. Within this scope, a relatively detailed description of the most important cement injection grouts features is presented, including the main advantages and drawbacks compared to alternatives. The cement-based grouts are among the most utilised materials in these contexts. Economic and environmental related aspects are among the main advantages of cement-based grouts, although some technical features of these grouting materials are also favourable. The equipment utilised for the preparation and for the application of cementitious grouts is also mentioned. This document also addresses aspects related to the assessment of concrete dams’ stability, the preparatory works, the common methodologies and the standard precautions to have into account when planning a rehabilitation operation involving cement grouting for filling cracks or repairing lift or contraction joints in these massive structures. A list of successful rehabilitation case histories is provided, including a short description of the anomalies and their causes, as well as a summary of the main repair measures adopted for each situation.
{"title":"Injection of discontinuities in concrete dams with cement-based grouts","authors":"João Conde Silva, C. Serra","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2088070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2088070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Injecting discontinuities is a recurrent procedure for the rehabilitation of concrete hydraulic structures, namely repairing cracked dam bodies and deteriorated lift and contraction joints. Within this scope, a relatively detailed description of the most important cement injection grouts features is presented, including the main advantages and drawbacks compared to alternatives. The cement-based grouts are among the most utilised materials in these contexts. Economic and environmental related aspects are among the main advantages of cement-based grouts, although some technical features of these grouting materials are also favourable. The equipment utilised for the preparation and for the application of cementitious grouts is also mentioned. This document also addresses aspects related to the assessment of concrete dams’ stability, the preparatory works, the common methodologies and the standard precautions to have into account when planning a rehabilitation operation involving cement grouting for filling cracks or repairing lift or contraction joints in these massive structures. A list of successful rehabilitation case histories is provided, including a short description of the anomalies and their causes, as well as a summary of the main repair measures adopted for each situation.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42241677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2088056
P. Prabhakaran, G. Joseph
ABSTRACT In recent years, strengthening methods for reinforced concrete structures using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been gaining widespread interest and growing acceptance in civil engineering industry. Near surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement as well as externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) sheets have emerged as new strengthening methods in which external reinforcement (in the form of bars or sheets) is embedded into grooves or adhered to the section with epoxy adhesive. This paper proposes a simplified analytical approach to predict flexural behaviour of simply supported reinforced-concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) using the above-mentioned methods. The flexural capacity and deformational behaviour of FRP strengthened beams are analysed using trilinear moment curvature relationship at three critical points namely (i) crack initiation point (ii) steel yield initiation point and (iii) ultimate capacity point, based on strain compatibility and principles of equilibrium. A good predictive performance of analytical model is appraised by simulating force-deflection response registered in the experimental program composed of RC beams strengthened with NSM as well as EBR methods. The analytical solutions have also given accurate prediction of experimental results in the literature regardless of the arrangement of CFRP reinforcement.
{"title":"Flexural performance of CFRP strengthened beams - comparison with analytical model","authors":"P. Prabhakaran, G. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2088056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2088056","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, strengthening methods for reinforced concrete structures using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been gaining widespread interest and growing acceptance in civil engineering industry. Near surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement as well as externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) sheets have emerged as new strengthening methods in which external reinforcement (in the form of bars or sheets) is embedded into grooves or adhered to the section with epoxy adhesive. This paper proposes a simplified analytical approach to predict flexural behaviour of simply supported reinforced-concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) using the above-mentioned methods. The flexural capacity and deformational behaviour of FRP strengthened beams are analysed using trilinear moment curvature relationship at three critical points namely (i) crack initiation point (ii) steel yield initiation point and (iii) ultimate capacity point, based on strain compatibility and principles of equilibrium. A good predictive performance of analytical model is appraised by simulating force-deflection response registered in the experimental program composed of RC beams strengthened with NSM as well as EBR methods. The analytical solutions have also given accurate prediction of experimental results in the literature regardless of the arrangement of CFRP reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42999218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2088167
Smriti Sharma, Sunil Kumar Dangi, Shivam Kumar Bairwa, Subhamoy Sen
ABSTRACT Bridge health monitoring has been attempted to ensure the safety of the bridges in their operations, employing various measurement options like acceleration, strain, displacement, etc. The relative efficacy of these measurements as a damage-sensitive response has remained a topic of research. While acceleration has traditionally been used in abundance, dynamic strain, being relatively cheaper to record, also holds the potential to replace acceleration. This study undertakes a comparative investigation weighing the relative benefits of both the measurement options for prompt and reliable damage detection in both the time and frequency domain. The comparison is drawn in the light of damage sensitivity, intensity and consistency of the damage signature of the adopted measurement type while keeping the damage and loading specifications unaltered. A multi-span concrete box girder has been replicated with a high-fidelity numerical model as a proxy for the real structure followed by an experimental validation on a propped cantilever beam. Acceleration and strain responses are measured and analyzed for different damage conditions. A rigorous sensitivity analysis is undertaken to compare explicitly the performance of both the measurement options. The results demonstrated superior performance with the strain response in time and frequency domains from consistency and intensity perspectives.
{"title":"Comparative study on sensitivity of acceleration and strain responses for bridge health monitoring","authors":"Smriti Sharma, Sunil Kumar Dangi, Shivam Kumar Bairwa, Subhamoy Sen","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2088167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2088167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bridge health monitoring has been attempted to ensure the safety of the bridges in their operations, employing various measurement options like acceleration, strain, displacement, etc. The relative efficacy of these measurements as a damage-sensitive response has remained a topic of research. While acceleration has traditionally been used in abundance, dynamic strain, being relatively cheaper to record, also holds the potential to replace acceleration. This study undertakes a comparative investigation weighing the relative benefits of both the measurement options for prompt and reliable damage detection in both the time and frequency domain. The comparison is drawn in the light of damage sensitivity, intensity and consistency of the damage signature of the adopted measurement type while keeping the damage and loading specifications unaltered. A multi-span concrete box girder has been replicated with a high-fidelity numerical model as a proxy for the real structure followed by an experimental validation on a propped cantilever beam. Acceleration and strain responses are measured and analyzed for different damage conditions. A rigorous sensitivity analysis is undertaken to compare explicitly the performance of both the measurement options. The results demonstrated superior performance with the strain response in time and frequency domains from consistency and intensity perspectives.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45867286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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