Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2023.2167575
Israi Abu Shanab, A. Sorensen
ABSTRACT Bridges are one of the main components of highway networks with intensive impacts in terms of air emissions. Therefore, an environmental assessment is essential for the bridge life cycle phases including design, construction, usage and maintenance, and lastly end of life. Most of the existing studies have focused on the material and construction phase while less attention has been given to the use and maintenance phase; notwithstanding the rapid increasing rate of bridge rehabilitation activities. This paper focuses on the bridge maintenance phase and represents a comparative environmental case study. The purpose of this paper is to compare different partial-depth concrete removal techniques from an environmental perspective, particularly the environmental effects on air quality. The paper compares the pollutant emissions of four common techniques: chipping, sawing and chipping, milling, and water-blasting. Two environmental data models are used, GREET and MOVES, and five air pollutants are considered which are CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, and PM10. The results indicate that chipping produces the least amount of pollutant emissions while milling emits the highest amount of air emissions. Additionally, there is a proportional relationship between the utilization time of the removal method and the amount of the released emissions of the method.
{"title":"Air emission pollutants of different partial depth concrete bridge deck repair techniques: a comparative study","authors":"Israi Abu Shanab, A. Sorensen","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2023.2167575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2023.2167575","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bridges are one of the main components of highway networks with intensive impacts in terms of air emissions. Therefore, an environmental assessment is essential for the bridge life cycle phases including design, construction, usage and maintenance, and lastly end of life. Most of the existing studies have focused on the material and construction phase while less attention has been given to the use and maintenance phase; notwithstanding the rapid increasing rate of bridge rehabilitation activities. This paper focuses on the bridge maintenance phase and represents a comparative environmental case study. The purpose of this paper is to compare different partial-depth concrete removal techniques from an environmental perspective, particularly the environmental effects on air quality. The paper compares the pollutant emissions of four common techniques: chipping, sawing and chipping, milling, and water-blasting. Two environmental data models are used, GREET and MOVES, and five air pollutants are considered which are CO2, CO, NOx, SO2, and PM10. The results indicate that chipping produces the least amount of pollutant emissions while milling emits the highest amount of air emissions. Additionally, there is a proportional relationship between the utilization time of the removal method and the amount of the released emissions of the method.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"100 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42797046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2023.2168171
Md. Arif Faridi, K. Roy, V. Singhal
ABSTRACT Structures are usually designed to undergo some yielding, cracking and damage during any catastrophic events like earthquakes. It is necessary to identify these damage locations to avoid the failure of the structure. In this study, a novel method of damage localization for a linear one-dimensional mathematical model of Euler-Bernoulli beam is developed. The damage is modeled as a normalized box-car function. The first-order perturbation in the form of a small change in the stiffness is introduced to the structure. This study employed an effective boxcar filtration technique in damage localization. The proposed formulation shows a distinct peak at the damage location. Further, a two-point roving technique is employed on the experimental model of an overhanging beam under impact loading to check the effectiveness of the proposed localization procedure under real measurement conditions. For its entirety, the finite element model for different end conditions through numerical simulations is also briefly addressed. It is observed that the results obtained from the experimental investigation and the simulation studies are in agreement with the proposed formulation. The proposed methodology does not consider the effect of noise, which can be addressed as the future scope of the present study.
{"title":"Perturbation approach for damage localization in beam-type structures: analytical, experimental and numerical exposition","authors":"Md. Arif Faridi, K. Roy, V. Singhal","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2023.2168171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2023.2168171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Structures are usually designed to undergo some yielding, cracking and damage during any catastrophic events like earthquakes. It is necessary to identify these damage locations to avoid the failure of the structure. In this study, a novel method of damage localization for a linear one-dimensional mathematical model of Euler-Bernoulli beam is developed. The damage is modeled as a normalized box-car function. The first-order perturbation in the form of a small change in the stiffness is introduced to the structure. This study employed an effective boxcar filtration technique in damage localization. The proposed formulation shows a distinct peak at the damage location. Further, a two-point roving technique is employed on the experimental model of an overhanging beam under impact loading to check the effectiveness of the proposed localization procedure under real measurement conditions. For its entirety, the finite element model for different end conditions through numerical simulations is also briefly addressed. It is observed that the results obtained from the experimental investigation and the simulation studies are in agreement with the proposed formulation. The proposed methodology does not consider the effect of noise, which can be addressed as the future scope of the present study.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"111 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49513781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2023.2165471
Mohammed Farooq, F. Azhari, N. Banthia
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the application of active thermometry techniques for bridge and pipeline scour monitoring, and explores the potential for passive thermometry through outdoor bucket-type static scour experiments. Active thermometry uses a device to supply heat and then monitors temperature loss. The heat generation is typically through resistive (joule) heating, and temperature is measured using digital temperature sensors, fiber optic temperature sensors, and thermistors. All laboratory studies in the literature were conducted in static conditions, in which the onset and progression of scour are detected by monitoring the changes in thermal properties using sensors placed along the bridge pier (or pipeline). The passive thermometry option explored in this study involved using DS18b20 digital temperature sensors to measure temperature variations in water and in three sediment types: clay, sand, and gravel. The results demonstrated larger diurnal variations in water than in the sediments. Sensors located in the sediment were distinguished from those in water by examining a combination of decrement ratios and phase shifts among the different temperature waveforms obtained for a finite number of diurnal cycles.
{"title":"A state-of-the-art review of active-thermometry techniques for bridge and pipeline scour monitoring, and exploratory passive thermometry studies","authors":"Mohammed Farooq, F. Azhari, N. Banthia","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2023.2165471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2023.2165471","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reviews the application of active thermometry techniques for bridge and pipeline scour monitoring, and explores the potential for passive thermometry through outdoor bucket-type static scour experiments. Active thermometry uses a device to supply heat and then monitors temperature loss. The heat generation is typically through resistive (joule) heating, and temperature is measured using digital temperature sensors, fiber optic temperature sensors, and thermistors. All laboratory studies in the literature were conducted in static conditions, in which the onset and progression of scour are detected by monitoring the changes in thermal properties using sensors placed along the bridge pier (or pipeline). The passive thermometry option explored in this study involved using DS18b20 digital temperature sensors to measure temperature variations in water and in three sediment types: clay, sand, and gravel. The results demonstrated larger diurnal variations in water than in the sediments. Sensors located in the sediment were distinguished from those in water by examining a combination of decrement ratios and phase shifts among the different temperature waveforms obtained for a finite number of diurnal cycles.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42599912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2023.2165470
S. M. Hama, Z. M. Ali, H. Zayan, A. Mahmoud
ABSTRACT Most of the previous work related to using waste glass as aggregate in concrete focused on mechanical properties, so this investigation focused on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams incorporating waste glass as a partial replacement of aggregate. This research investigated the influence of waste glass as a replacement for coarse aggregate in the following percentages: 0% (reference), 25% and 50%, on the structural behavior of RC beams. This work uses six beams (cross-section 150 × 150 mm and span length of 900 mm). In addition to the effect of glass aggregate content on structural behavior, another parameter was considered, which is the effect of longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio (2Ø10 mm, ρ = 0.0083; 2Ø16 mm, ρ = 0.0222). The beams containing waste glass aggregate (WGA) showed a more ductile behavior and were less stiff compared to reference beams. Beams containing WGA showed good strength and satisfactory structural performance compared with the reference beam.
{"title":"Structural behavior of reinforced concrete incorporating glass waste as coarse aggregate","authors":"S. M. Hama, Z. M. Ali, H. Zayan, A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2023.2165470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2023.2165470","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Most of the previous work related to using waste glass as aggregate in concrete focused on mechanical properties, so this investigation focused on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams incorporating waste glass as a partial replacement of aggregate. This research investigated the influence of waste glass as a replacement for coarse aggregate in the following percentages: 0% (reference), 25% and 50%, on the structural behavior of RC beams. This work uses six beams (cross-section 150 × 150 mm and span length of 900 mm). In addition to the effect of glass aggregate content on structural behavior, another parameter was considered, which is the effect of longitudinal steel reinforcement ratio (2Ø10 mm, ρ = 0.0083; 2Ø16 mm, ρ = 0.0222). The beams containing waste glass aggregate (WGA) showed a more ductile behavior and were less stiff compared to reference beams. Beams containing WGA showed good strength and satisfactory structural performance compared with the reference beam.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"24 1","pages":"59 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60128247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142901
Macy Spears, S. Hedjazi, H. Taheri
ABSTRACT The ability to evaluate civil structures without altering or damaging the materials is becoming increasingly important and useful for the maintenance of infrastructure. The technique to analyze and test materials for weaknesses without causing destruction is referred to as non-destructive evaluation or testing. Specifically, a common method of this type of inspection is called ground penetrating radar (GPR), which is desired in many construction applications. With use of electromagnetic energy, GPR has the capability to locate buried objects in materials because of the differences in electrical and magnetic properties that are encountered. Valuable data can be obtained on these subsurface objects, allowing for an understanding on the properties and making proper judgment on the structure possible. This study explores the approaches in which GPR has been implemented for the assessment of the following structures: pavement, reinforced concrete, railway ballast, soil and buried pipes. Through different data acquisition and processing techniques, results show that there is great success when using GPR for collecting information for verifying the state and condition of these materials.
{"title":"Ground penetrating radar applications and implementations in civil construction","authors":"Macy Spears, S. Hedjazi, H. Taheri","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142901","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The ability to evaluate civil structures without altering or damaging the materials is becoming increasingly important and useful for the maintenance of infrastructure. The technique to analyze and test materials for weaknesses without causing destruction is referred to as non-destructive evaluation or testing. Specifically, a common method of this type of inspection is called ground penetrating radar (GPR), which is desired in many construction applications. With use of electromagnetic energy, GPR has the capability to locate buried objects in materials because of the differences in electrical and magnetic properties that are encountered. Valuable data can be obtained on these subsurface objects, allowing for an understanding on the properties and making proper judgment on the structure possible. This study explores the approaches in which GPR has been implemented for the assessment of the following structures: pavement, reinforced concrete, railway ballast, soil and buried pipes. Through different data acquisition and processing techniques, results show that there is great success when using GPR for collecting information for verifying the state and condition of these materials.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"36 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49580150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142900
A. Alyaseen, C. V. Siva Rama Prasad, Arunava Poddar, Navsal Kumar, Reham R. Mostafa, Fadi Almohammed, P. Sihag
ABSTRACT Concrete is the most common building material used in construction activities, but concrete cracks are inevitable thus is one of its major disadvantages. The major downside of the concrete is its lower Splitting Tensile Strength (STS) attributable to the micro crack. Bacteria have recently been utilized to self-heal concrete, treat cracks, and consolidate different construction materials. However, since the testing of the mechanical properties of concrete is time-consuming, involves destructive methods, poses material wastage, and is labor-intensive, an alternative precise strength evaluation technique is required to minimize effort and time. In the current investigation, various computational techniques, such as M5P, Random Forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM), and Linear regression (LR), were used to predict the splitting strength of concrete using experimental datasets. The Pearson VII kernel function-based SVM (SVM-PUK) strategy was determined to be the most effective and accurate technique to predict the splitting strength value compared to other used models using Correlation Coefficient (CC) values based on statistical assessments, Box plot, and Taylor diagram. Results of the sensitivity analysis, among the other input variables used in this study to predict concrete splitting strength, reveal that curing time in days (T) is the most significant variable.
{"title":"Application of soft computing techniques for the prediction of splitting tensile strength in bacterial concrete","authors":"A. Alyaseen, C. V. Siva Rama Prasad, Arunava Poddar, Navsal Kumar, Reham R. Mostafa, Fadi Almohammed, P. Sihag","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142900","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Concrete is the most common building material used in construction activities, but concrete cracks are inevitable thus is one of its major disadvantages. The major downside of the concrete is its lower Splitting Tensile Strength (STS) attributable to the micro crack. Bacteria have recently been utilized to self-heal concrete, treat cracks, and consolidate different construction materials. However, since the testing of the mechanical properties of concrete is time-consuming, involves destructive methods, poses material wastage, and is labor-intensive, an alternative precise strength evaluation technique is required to minimize effort and time. In the current investigation, various computational techniques, such as M5P, Random Forest (RF), Support vector machine (SVM), and Linear regression (LR), were used to predict the splitting strength of concrete using experimental datasets. The Pearson VII kernel function-based SVM (SVM-PUK) strategy was determined to be the most effective and accurate technique to predict the splitting strength value compared to other used models using Correlation Coefficient (CC) values based on statistical assessments, Box plot, and Taylor diagram. Results of the sensitivity analysis, among the other input variables used in this study to predict concrete splitting strength, reveal that curing time in days (T) is the most significant variable.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"26 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46803342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142896
H. Ahmad, A. Mahboubi, A. Noorzad, M. Zamanian
ABSTRACT This study reports the results of experiments conducted on strip foundations with and without reinforced geogrids over fine sand and with a wraparound geogrid arrangement. A load up to 25 kN was applied to the strip foundations to determine the loading-settlement response. These tests examined the number of planar and folded geogrid sheets, the placement of folded geogrids in the soil bed, the thickness of folded geogrid sheets, the length of wraps and overlaps, and the spacing between folded and planar geogrid sheets. The results indicate that the performance of the foundations due to static loading is better for folded geogrid-reinforced sand than for planar geogrid-reinforced sand. Overall, the results demonstrate that reinforced soil foundations with sufficiently folded geogrid layers behave much stiffer and thus can support higher loads with a lower settlement than planar reinforced soils. Moreover, the results indicate that the values of the embedment depth of the overlap element (d), the lower part (D), and the thickness (x) of the folded geogrid are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2 of the foundation widths (B), respectively. As a result, by increasing the number of geogrid layers, the settlement rate is reduced significantly, and it is recommended that these layers be placed vertically without vertical spacing (h/B = 0).
{"title":"Load-settlement response of strip footing overlaid fine sand strengthened with different arrangements of geogrid inclusions","authors":"H. Ahmad, A. Mahboubi, A. Noorzad, M. Zamanian","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142896","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study reports the results of experiments conducted on strip foundations with and without reinforced geogrids over fine sand and with a wraparound geogrid arrangement. A load up to 25 kN was applied to the strip foundations to determine the loading-settlement response. These tests examined the number of planar and folded geogrid sheets, the placement of folded geogrids in the soil bed, the thickness of folded geogrid sheets, the length of wraps and overlaps, and the spacing between folded and planar geogrid sheets. The results indicate that the performance of the foundations due to static loading is better for folded geogrid-reinforced sand than for planar geogrid-reinforced sand. Overall, the results demonstrate that reinforced soil foundations with sufficiently folded geogrid layers behave much stiffer and thus can support higher loads with a lower settlement than planar reinforced soils. Moreover, the results indicate that the values of the embedment depth of the overlap element (d), the lower part (D), and the thickness (x) of the folded geogrid are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2 of the foundation widths (B), respectively. As a result, by increasing the number of geogrid layers, the settlement rate is reduced significantly, and it is recommended that these layers be placed vertically without vertical spacing (h/B = 0).","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"12 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44530485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2023.2165467
H. R. Wang, K. H. Yang, H. Yoon, J. Lee
ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of different crack-control devices at the re-entrant corners of openings on the out-of-plane flexural performance of reinforced concrete walls. The conventional diagonal bar arrangement, stress dispersion shell plate, and crack-control strip were arranged at each corner of the opening to control the localized diagonal tension cracks at the re-entrants. Four wall specimens with window openings were tested under constant axial loads and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads. The actual cover thickness was considered in the prediction of the flexural strength of the walls. The out-of-plane flexural lateral load – lateral displacement response of the walls was not dependent on the crack-control devices but was appreciably affected by the cover thickness. An increase in the cover thickness leads to a decrease in the lateral load capacity and ductility. The out-of-plane moment capacity of walls could be conservatively assessed by a conventional flexural analysis procedure, such as the equivalent stress block for reinforced concrete structures, regardless of the consideration of crack-control devices.
{"title":"Effect of crack control approaches around opening on out-of-plane flexural response of walls","authors":"H. R. Wang, K. H. Yang, H. Yoon, J. Lee","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2023.2165467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2023.2165467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effect of different crack-control devices at the re-entrant corners of openings on the out-of-plane flexural performance of reinforced concrete walls. The conventional diagonal bar arrangement, stress dispersion shell plate, and crack-control strip were arranged at each corner of the opening to control the localized diagonal tension cracks at the re-entrants. Four wall specimens with window openings were tested under constant axial loads and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads. The actual cover thickness was considered in the prediction of the flexural strength of the walls. The out-of-plane flexural lateral load – lateral displacement response of the walls was not dependent on the crack-control devices but was appreciably affected by the cover thickness. An increase in the cover thickness leads to a decrease in the lateral load capacity and ductility. The out-of-plane moment capacity of walls could be conservatively assessed by a conventional flexural analysis procedure, such as the equivalent stress block for reinforced concrete structures, regardless of the consideration of crack-control devices.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"50 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46930917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2142895
A. Chourasia, Shubham Singhal, Akshat Chourasia
ABSTRACT The paper attempts to establish a relationship between strength of laterite units and mortar to predict masonry strength and elastic modulus of laterite masonry based on material properties reported in literature. The properties obtained from derived analytical models were used as input parameters for finite element analysis (FEA) of laterite confined masonry (LCM) buildings under quasi-static loading. Numerical studies were performed on LCM buildings up to four stories to study seismic behaviour. LCM buildings upto three storeys demonstrated stresses within the permissible limits for the wall thickness of 150 mm, while four storey LCM building showed high stress concentration exceeding the permissible limits, for which ground storey wall thickness may be increased to 300 mm. One storey LCM building resisted lateral load equivalent to 1.02 g of its mass, while the corresponding values for two, three and four storey LCM buildings were 0.40 g, 0.23 g and 0.13 g, respectively. LCM buildings up to three storey demonstrated maximum damage index in the range of 0.8 to 0.85, indicating collapse prevention state. Howbeit, four storey LCM building exhibited damage index of 0.91 at maximum displacement, which corresponds to collapse state.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of laterite confined masonry building subjected to quasi-static monotonic lateral loading","authors":"A. Chourasia, Shubham Singhal, Akshat Chourasia","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2142895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2142895","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper attempts to establish a relationship between strength of laterite units and mortar to predict masonry strength and elastic modulus of laterite masonry based on material properties reported in literature. The properties obtained from derived analytical models were used as input parameters for finite element analysis (FEA) of laterite confined masonry (LCM) buildings under quasi-static loading. Numerical studies were performed on LCM buildings up to four stories to study seismic behaviour. LCM buildings upto three storeys demonstrated stresses within the permissible limits for the wall thickness of 150 mm, while four storey LCM building showed high stress concentration exceeding the permissible limits, for which ground storey wall thickness may be increased to 300 mm. One storey LCM building resisted lateral load equivalent to 1.02 g of its mass, while the corresponding values for two, three and four storey LCM buildings were 0.40 g, 0.23 g and 0.13 g, respectively. LCM buildings up to three storey demonstrated maximum damage index in the range of 0.8 to 0.85, indicating collapse prevention state. Howbeit, four storey LCM building exhibited damage index of 0.91 at maximum displacement, which corresponds to collapse state.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"8 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45970282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/24705314.2022.2088057
S. Hwang, S. Kim, Y. S. Choi, K. Yang
ABSTRACT This study tests two full-scale unreinforced masonry (URM) walls under constant axial stress and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads and proposes mathematical models to predict their rocking and toe crushingstrengths based on the elasticity and plasticity theorems of concrete. The two specimens were designed to simulate a non-perforated URM wall without opening and a URM wall with a door opening. Parallel walls with a length of 590 mm and thickness of 190 mm were constructed at the both ends of the walls in the out-of-plane direction, producing a barbell-shaped section. Test results showed that the URM wall specimens were initially governed by the rocking rotation and then ultimately failed with compressive toe crushing. The value of the equivalent damping coefficient mostly remained constant up to the occurrence of rocking rotation, beyond which it gradually increased. The effect of a door opening on the out-of-plane seismic response of the URM wall was insignificant because the applied lateral loads were resisted mainly by the in-plane action of the auxiliary parallel walls. The proposed models accurately estimated the rocking and toe crushing strengths of URM walls under out-of-plane lateral loads.
{"title":"Out-of-Plane lateral load capacity of unreinforced masonry walls","authors":"S. Hwang, S. Kim, Y. S. Choi, K. Yang","doi":"10.1080/24705314.2022.2088057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2022.2088057","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study tests two full-scale unreinforced masonry (URM) walls under constant axial stress and cyclic out-of-plane lateral loads and proposes mathematical models to predict their rocking and toe crushingstrengths based on the elasticity and plasticity theorems of concrete. The two specimens were designed to simulate a non-perforated URM wall without opening and a URM wall with a door opening. Parallel walls with a length of 590 mm and thickness of 190 mm were constructed at the both ends of the walls in the out-of-plane direction, producing a barbell-shaped section. Test results showed that the URM wall specimens were initially governed by the rocking rotation and then ultimately failed with compressive toe crushing. The value of the equivalent damping coefficient mostly remained constant up to the occurrence of rocking rotation, beyond which it gradually increased. The effect of a door opening on the out-of-plane seismic response of the URM wall was insignificant because the applied lateral loads were resisted mainly by the in-plane action of the auxiliary parallel walls. The proposed models accurately estimated the rocking and toe crushing strengths of URM walls under out-of-plane lateral loads.","PeriodicalId":43844,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Structural Integrity and Maintenance","volume":"7 1","pages":"217 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47718743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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