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Ground Up Inquiry: Questions and Answers About the Emergence and Development of a Northern Australian Tradition of Situated Research 实地调查:关于北澳大利亚定位研究传统的出现和发展的问题和答案
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2022.27.02
Helen Verran, M. Spencer, M. Christie
Ground Up Inquiry is the name of a situated approach to researching used by the Contemporary Indigenous Knowledge and Governance (CIKG) team in CDU’s Northern Institute (Charles Darwin University, 2017a). The team partners with Indigenous researchers working under the authority of Elders in their home places. Many of our partner researchers offer research services through Indigenous Researchers Initiative (Charles Darwin University, 2017b). In the Northern Territory of Australia, Ground Up is often contract research and service delivery, but it is also increasingly recognised as an established research method where Indigenous and academic knowledge authorities work together as equals under the aegis of the modern university system. Composed as answers to questions, this paper revisits the origins of Ground Up, and gives an overview of this approach as situated research.
基层调查是基督教民主联盟北方研究所(查尔斯·达尔文大学,2017a)当代土著知识与治理(CIKG)团队使用的一种情境研究方法的名称。该团队与土著研究人员合作,在他们家乡的长老的权威下工作。我们的许多合作研究人员通过土著研究人员倡议提供研究服务(查尔斯达尔文大学,2017b)。在澳大利亚北部地区,Ground Up通常是合同研究和服务提供,但它也越来越被认为是一种既定的研究方法,在现代大学系统的支持下,土著和学术知识当局平等地合作。作为对问题的回答,本文重新审视了Ground Up的起源,并概述了这种方法的现状研究。
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引用次数: 1
Child Mortality, Fertility and Poverty: A Counterfactual Analysis 儿童死亡率、生育率和贫困:一个反事实的分析
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2022.27.05
A. Hyder, Wali Ullah
Larger sizes of households tighten the resources of families particularly those in lower wealth quintiles. Households in poorer quintiles are trapped into high child mortality. The risk of child survival leads to high fertility and little investment in children. The conditions to pull these households from this malicious trap are already absent. For instance, the indicators like, women’s low rates of education, early marriages and early pregnancies, and too little birth intervals are very discouraging in Pakistan. Unfortunately, households in poorer quintiles are the least beneficiaries from national revenues and policies in developing countries, in general, are designed for general public and benefit from those policies rarely reach to most needy households. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to emphasize the changing dynamics of fertility behavior and incidence of child mortality across the wealth distribution through an empirical investigation of five wealth quantiles, (ii) to explore the causal relationship between under 5 child mortality and fertility, and finally to examine the counter effect of a few policy instruments. For this purpose, the paper exploits the latest Pakistan Demographic Health Survey to examine few important policy variables to break the nexus between poverty, child mortality and high fertility. The counterfactual analysis suggests marginal improvement in a few variables; like female education, delay in first conception and incremental increase in birth intervals if in targeted households, will significantly change the child mortality and fertility rates. The analysis will be helpful for designing interventions. This analysis can also provide guidelines for women centered institutions like Banazir Income Support Programme, federal and provincial mother and child health departments and family planning offices.
家庭规模的扩大会收紧家庭的资源,尤其是那些财富水平较低的家庭。贫穷的五分之一家庭陷入了高儿童死亡率的困境。儿童生存的风险导致高生育率和对儿童的投资很少。将这些家庭从这个恶意陷阱中拉出来的条件已经不存在了。例如,在巴基斯坦,妇女受教育率低,早婚早孕,生育间隔过短等指标令人沮丧。不幸的是,较贫穷五分之一的家庭是国家收入的最小受益者,发展中国家的政策一般是为一般公众设计的,这些政策的好处很少惠及最贫穷的家庭。本文的目的是:(i)通过对五个财富分位数的实证调查,强调整个财富分配中生育行为和儿童死亡率发生率的变化动态;(ii)探讨5岁以下儿童死亡率与生育率之间的因果关系,最后检验一些政策工具的反向效应。为此,本文利用最新的巴基斯坦人口健康调查来研究几个重要的政策变量,以打破贫困、儿童死亡率和高生育率之间的联系。反事实分析表明,在一些变量上略有改善;与女性教育一样,如果目标家庭推迟初次怀孕和增加生育间隔,将大大改变儿童死亡率和生育率。分析结果将有助于干预措施的设计。这种分析还可以为巴纳齐尔收入支助方案、联邦和省妇幼保健部门以及计划生育办公室等以妇女为中心的机构提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Undoing Theory: Walking of Arrernte Country – Co-creating Knowledge and Meaning in Central Australia 撤销理论:阿伦特国家的行走——澳大利亚中部共同创造的知识和意义
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2022.27.03
Wendy L. Cowan
Can educators and researchers rethink what theory does in public education so as not to repeat colonial theories and policies predicated on mis/conceptions of “terra nullius” and “terra incognita”? My initial concern as a teacher and administrator working in Northern Territory for over two decades, was the question: “What theories underpin public education policy directives and implementation plans?” Recently my focus has shifted to include what theory is and what it is doing in shaping whose lives (human and non-human) matter. The shift occurred because many theories appeared to perpetuate “more of the same” outcomes, specifically for Indigenous students and their communities. The shifts from what theory is to what theory is doing in the world occur through the daily rhythms – as a precedent of Arrernte practices – of walking Country. Through quotidian acts of walking, I begin to understand that theory is the inseparability of being, doing and thinking, what Barad’s agential realism calls “ethico-onto-epistem-ology”. To show how walking of country is doing theory, I diffractively read several texts (including the non-English and poetic). This gives a sense of what theory is doing in and of the specific matters it inhabits: Arrernte Country, colonisation, education policy directives, walking and creative expression. Theory is taken up through the ethics of those lives rendered un/thinkable, in/visible in public education in Mparntwe (Alice Springs). A diffractive approach in this context opens theory up, to express thinking differently with the commitment to unsettle education policy as a continued reflection of ongoing colonisation.
教育工作者和研究人员能否重新思考理论在公共教育中的作用,以避免重复基于错误的“无主地”和“未知地”概念的殖民理论和政策?作为一名在北领地工作了20多年的教师和行政人员,我最初关心的问题是:“什么理论支撑着公共教育政策指令和实施计划?”最近,我的关注点已经转移到理论是什么,以及它在塑造谁的生活(人类和非人类)重要方面的作用。发生这种转变是因为许多理论似乎使“更多相同”的结果永久化,特别是对土著学生和他们的社区。从“理论是什么”到“理论在世界上做什么”的转变,是通过日常的乡村行走节奏发生的——这是阿伦特实践的先例。通过日常的行走行为,我开始理解理论是存在、行为和思考的不可分割性,巴拉德的代理现实主义称之为“伦理-本体-认识论”。为了展示乡村行走是如何做理论的,我衍射地阅读了几篇文章(包括非英语和诗歌)。这让我们了解到理论在它所涉及的具体问题中所做的事情:阿伦特国家、殖民、教育政策指令、行走和创造性表达。理论是通过在Mparntwe (Alice Springs)的公共教育中呈现的那些不可想象的/可见的生活的伦理来进行的。在这种背景下,一种衍射方法打开了理论,以不同的方式表达思维,承诺将不稳定的教育政策作为持续殖民的持续反映。
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引用次数: 0
Hear it From the Horses’ Mouth: Listening to African Professionals in Australia 从马的嘴里听到它:听非洲专业人士在澳大利亚
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2022.27.04
Stephen Bolaji, S. Anyama, Olabisi Kuteyi-Imonitie, O. Ibilola, S. Jalloh
The study investigated the growing concern of the African professionals who arrived in Australia since 2007. The ongoing concern was based on the lack of job opportunity in their nominated skilled occupation in post arrival in Australia. The study used demographic questionnaire and semi-structured interview to elicit information from forty (40) participants from Western Australia and Northern Territory cities and regional areas. The data analysed provided the needed perspectives about the extreme frustration of the African skilled migrants lack job opportunities in the post arrival in Australia. Based on the findings, the study made some recommendations, including counselling implications on several pathways on how African professionals could gain recognition for opportunities in their professional areas.
这项研究调查了自2007年以来抵达澳大利亚的非洲专业人士日益增长的担忧。目前的担忧是基于他们在抵达澳大利亚后在提名的技术职业中缺乏工作机会。该研究采用人口调查问卷和半结构化访谈,从西澳大利亚州和北领地城市和地区的40(40)名参与者中获取信息。分析的数据提供了必要的视角,说明非洲技术移民在抵达澳大利亚后缺乏工作机会的极度沮丧。根据调查结果,该研究提出了一些建议,包括对非洲专业人员如何在其专业领域获得机会认可的几种途径的咨询影响。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Working with multiple knowledges in Australia’s top end 社论:在澳大利亚的高端工作,拥有多种知识
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2020.26.01
C. Bow, L. Norrington, Helen Verran, M. Christie
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引用次数: 1
On gravel – socio-material objects of northern development 论北方发展的砾石社会物质对象
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2020.26.07
Kirsty Howey
Wealth from extractive development has been at the forefront of political aspirations for the Northern Territory of Australia (NT), and of northern Australia more broadly, for many decades. According to political, bureaucratic and industry rhetoric, the north is insufficiently developed to reach its full potential. The most recent iteration of this development agenda has been catalysed by the Commonwealth Government’s White Paper on “Developing the North”. Eschewing the usual frames for analysing ‘development,’ this paper proposes that northern development can be seen as a going on together doing differences with development “objects.’ It mobilises a ground-up STS to understand what such objects are in an unorthodox way, as socio-material entities. The entities the paper focuses on are gravelly; gravelly roads, and legal contracts that concern gravel. Northern development certainly requires that these two entities, very different though they are, must go on together. But seeing that necessity, we also see that a third gravelly entity, often obscured, needs to be foregrounded to understand what is also at stake in northern development projects. The ‘people-places’ that are gravel pits need to be explicitly involved as objects if northern development is to be inclusive, and is to disrupt the dominant power relations within which it is enmeshed. As socio-material entities, the places that are the gravel pits, intimately involved with gravelly roads and legal contracts, are about gravel supply. Yet they are owned by Indigenous landowners. These places are constituted in quite different institutions, alternative and diverse languages, and in disparate knowledge traditions, compared with those that constitute the gravelly roads, and the legal contracts concerning gravel. The paper argues that all three are ‘northern development objects,’ and all need to be involved in northern development policy. Introduction: on gravel In recent years, buoyed by the release by the federal Coalition government of a ‘White Paper’ on developing northern Australia in 2015 (Australian Government, 2015), a raft of NT and Commonwealth government agencies have worked furiously towards a common goal of ‘Developing the North.’ The objectives of these development imperatives can nonetheless be slippery, particularly in the underpopulated NT where according to the NT Government a “large undeveloped land mass” has yet to reach its “full potential.”1 But typically, the agenda 1 https://business.nt.gov.au/investment-and-major-projects/investment-and-development/northern-australia-development. 41 Learning Communities | Special Issue: Collaborative Knowledge Work in Northern Australia | Number 26 – November 2020 involves the establishment of large-scale mining and petroleum operations, pastoralism, agriculture and aquaculture, and can also involve state exploitation of land, including for defence training purposes, and infrastructure such as housing, dams or roads. Such projects are p
几十年来,采掘开发带来的财富一直是澳大利亚北领地(NT)乃至更广泛意义上的澳大利亚北部的首要政治诉求。根据政治、官僚和工业界的说法,北方发展不足,无法充分发挥其潜力。联邦政府关于“发展北方”的白皮书推动了这一发展议程的最新更新。本文避开了分析“发展”的通常框架,提出北方的发展可以被看作是与发展“对象”一起进行的差异。它动员了一个草根STS以一种非正统的方式来理解这些对象是什么,作为社会物质实体。本文关注的实体是细粒的;砾石路面,以及与砾石有关的法律合同。北方的发展当然要求这两个实体,尽管它们非常不同,但必须共同发展。但在看到这种必要性的同时,我们也看到,第三个经常被模糊的实体需要被突显出来,以理解北方开发项目的利害关系。如果北方发展要具有包容性,并且要打破其所纠缠的主导权力关系,那么砾石坑中的“人-地方”需要明确地作为对象参与进来。作为社会物质实体,砾石坑与砾石道路和法律合同密切相关,与砾石供应有关。然而,它们属于土著土地所有者。与那些砾石道路和砾石法律合同不同的地方相比,这些地方是由完全不同的制度、不同的语言和不同的知识传统构成的。这篇论文认为,这三个都是“北方发展对象”,都需要参与北方发展政策。近年来,受联邦联合政府发布的2015年开发澳大利亚北部的白皮书(Australian government, 2015)的鼓舞,北领地和联邦政府机构纷纷为实现“开发北部”的共同目标而努力。然而,这些发展的目标可能是不稳定的,特别是在人口稀少的北部地区,根据北部政府的说法,“大片未开发的土地”尚未发挥其“全部潜力”。“但通常情况下,议程https://business.nt.gov.au/investment-and-major-projects/investment-and-development/northern-australia-development。学习社区|特刊:北澳大利亚的协作知识工作|第26期- 2020年11月涉及建立大规模采矿和石油业务、畜牧业、农业和水产养殖,还可能涉及国家对土地的开发,包括用于国防训练目的,以及住房、水坝或道路等基础设施。这些项目理所当然地被认为是为了“共同利益”(Blaser & de La Cadena, 2017,第185页),当然是为了北领地作为一个政治和经济管辖区,但也为了土著人民,他们将通过由此产生的就业、商业机会和服务摆脱贫困。本文以一种非正统的方式质疑支撑北方发展的假设和知识传统:通过动员一种“自下而上”的STS方法来理解北方发展的世俗社会物质对象是如何经常被不同地构成的。以砾石为例,砾石是北部大部分道路网络的核心构成要素,我考虑了我的对话者在北部土著土地委员会的雇员如何根据他们所采用的材料、社会和文本认知实践,将这种岩石集料作为法律合同或道路(Shapin & Schaffer, 1985)。然而,这个分析中缺少的是第三个概念,即砾石坑是“人的地方”(Verran, 2002)。在这个概念中,砾石坑是由土著知识实践构成的,这些实践承认“人类与非人类之间的关系共同构成”(de la Cadena, 2010,第356页)。如果我们关注砾石的不同制定方式,我们就可以开始认识到,在“发展北方”的口号下,世界上哪些地区享有特权,哪些地区被排除在外,从而为更具包容性的发展政策开辟了潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Working together: a story-based approach 合作:基于故事的方法
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2020.26.06
L. Norrington, Jangu Nundhirribulla
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引用次数: 0
A story about stories: reflexivity in a conversation with a student of public policy 一个关于故事的故事:与公共政策专业学生对话中的反身性
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2020.26.05
Greg Williams
What happens when just an ordinary interaction with a student shifts your whole perspective on things? A routine conversation as course coordinator with one of our post-graduate public policy students took an interesting and insightful turn recently, and our interaction brought to light for me the importance of storytelling and the holding of disconcertment in the reflexive doing of difference, even in places where you would least expect it. Instead of holding a conversation where our words and stories acted upon each other from a distance, in this instance, I experienced the experience of inhabiting the conversation. I experienced knowing in action; a doing of knowing, where the participants, the stories and the tensions and vulnerabilities that attend our stories are inextricably linked together and embodied in the constituent act of being the conversation. Although I have engaged in complex and insightful discussion on many occasions, this conversation, seemingly unremarkable at its outset, caught me off guard. It drew me into a process entirely unexpected, constituted through the inhabiting of the experience and the reflexive opportunities it presented. This paper seeks to describe and provide some analysis of this ‘experience of an experience’ with a view to understanding something more of the processes of ‘knowing in action’ and its role in skilling us to work better with difference.
当与学生的一次普通互动改变了你对事物的整个看法时,会发生什么?最近,作为课程协调员,我与一名公共政策研究生的例行对话发生了有趣而深刻的转变,我们的互动让我明白了讲故事的重要性,以及在反思性的差异中保持不安的重要性,即使是在你最意想不到的地方。在这种情况下,我体验了一种置身于对话中的体验,而不是在对话中我们的话语和故事在远处相互作用。我在行动中体验到认识;这是一种了解,参与者,故事,故事中的紧张和脆弱是不可分割地联系在一起的,体现在对话的构成行为中。虽然我在很多场合参与过复杂而深刻的讨论,但这次谈话一开始似乎并不引人注目,却让我措手不及。它把我带入了一个完全出乎意料的过程,这个过程是通过对经验的居住和它所呈现的反思机会构成的。本文试图对这种“经验的经验”进行描述和分析,以期更多地理解“在行动中认识”的过程,以及它在帮助我们更好地应对差异方面所起的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Everyone and everything is a boundary object – an empirical account from a modest human boundary object 每一个人和每一件事都是一个边界对象——从一个谦虚的人类边界对象出发的一个经验的叙述
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2020.26.09
Yasunori Hayashi
In this paper, I grapple with the application of a boundary object, in its position at the centre of a cross-cultural project in Indigenous northern Australia involving discrete knowledge communities—Yolŋu Indigenous landowners and hydrogeologists engaging in the hope of developing a community-led water management plan. Although I was officially assigned as a community engagement officer and a language translator, I found myself becoming a boundary object, comparable to a three-dimensional map of Aboriginal land. My positionality was considerably unsettling at times due to a culmination of disconcertments surfacing from my figure as a knower adopted into Yolŋu kinship system, as modest kin to the Yolŋu Aboriginal landscape of land and people. As a witness to the ways in which Yolŋu family live and care for their environment with the absence of centrality, I extend the notion of boundary object to the central understandings of Yolŋu kinship practice, where everyone and everything is a boundary object.
在本文中,我努力解决边界对象的应用问题,在澳大利亚北部土著地区的一个跨文化项目的中心位置,涉及离散知识communities-Yolŋu土著土地所有者和水文地质学家希望开发一个社区主导的水管理计划。虽然我被正式任命为社区参与官员和语言翻译,但我发现自己成了一个边界对象,堪比土著土地的三维地图。我的地位有时相当令人不安,因为我作为一个被纳入Yolŋu亲属体系的知者,作为Yolŋu土著土地和人民的谦逊亲属,我的形象出现了不安的高潮。作为Yolŋu家庭在缺乏中心性的情况下生活和照顾环境的方式的见证人,我将边界对象的概念扩展到Yolŋu亲属实践的中心理解,在那里每个人和每件事都是边界对象。
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引用次数: 1
Stories, movement and country: living and learning together in northern Australia 故事,运动和国家:在澳大利亚北部一起生活和学习
IF 1.1 Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.18793/lcj2020.26.04
Matthew Campbell
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Learning Communities-International Journal of Learning in Social Contexts
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