Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1177/00472441231207090
Stefan Halikowski Smith
The Soviet occupation of Polish Lwów between September 1939 and July 1941 is investigated in light of some unpublished British diplomatic reports contained in dossier F.O. (Foreign Office). 371, file 116 in the National Archives, London and produced from first-hand experience of conditions in the occupied lands. The missions, primarily to secure the safe exit of British and Jewish subjects, contain information contributing to an understanding of the radical changes brought about in that territory, its impromptu incorporation into the Ukrainian SSR, the beginnings of mass deportations both to Siberian GULags and kolkhoz farms in Kazakhstan, and the steady eradication of private ownership.
{"title":"The Soviet occupation of Polish Lwów (September 1939–July 1941) in light of some unpublished British diplomatic reports by John Russell, R.D. Macrae and Thomas Preston","authors":"Stefan Halikowski Smith","doi":"10.1177/00472441231207090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231207090","url":null,"abstract":"The Soviet occupation of Polish Lwów between September 1939 and July 1941 is investigated in light of some unpublished British diplomatic reports contained in dossier F.O. (Foreign Office). 371, file 116 in the National Archives, London and produced from first-hand experience of conditions in the occupied lands. The missions, primarily to secure the safe exit of British and Jewish subjects, contain information contributing to an understanding of the radical changes brought about in that territory, its impromptu incorporation into the Ukrainian SSR, the beginnings of mass deportations both to Siberian GULags and kolkhoz farms in Kazakhstan, and the steady eradication of private ownership.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1177/00472441231205728
Olga V. Shkolna, Olha D. Sosik, Maryna O. Hurenko, Roksolana V. Diachenko, Veronika I. Zaitseva
Eggs are a symbol of life, reproduction and restoration of nature for many nationalities. The oldest egg decoration ceremonies are known to have taken place among Zoroastrians, whose historical heartland lies in Azerbaijan, India and Iran. The ancient tradition of decorating eggs connects the culture of historical Persia to contemporary Europe. In many Eastern European countries, including Poland, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine, these practices persist up to the present where painted eggs serve as national symbols. While the patterns on the eggs and the style of painting may differ (Iran’s Nowruz holiday eggs are different from European Easter Eggs), there are similarities in the decorative techniques used by the Slavic peoples of Ukraine, Poland and Romania who have preserved the tradition of treating the egg as a sacred source and repository of nascent life which has a protective power.
{"title":"Painted eggs in the Muslim and Christian traditions","authors":"Olga V. Shkolna, Olha D. Sosik, Maryna O. Hurenko, Roksolana V. Diachenko, Veronika I. Zaitseva","doi":"10.1177/00472441231205728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231205728","url":null,"abstract":"Eggs are a symbol of life, reproduction and restoration of nature for many nationalities. The oldest egg decoration ceremonies are known to have taken place among Zoroastrians, whose historical heartland lies in Azerbaijan, India and Iran. The ancient tradition of decorating eggs connects the culture of historical Persia to contemporary Europe. In many Eastern European countries, including Poland, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine, these practices persist up to the present where painted eggs serve as national symbols. While the patterns on the eggs and the style of painting may differ (Iran’s Nowruz holiday eggs are different from European Easter Eggs), there are similarities in the decorative techniques used by the Slavic peoples of Ukraine, Poland and Romania who have preserved the tradition of treating the egg as a sacred source and repository of nascent life which has a protective power.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1177/00472441231206550
Viktor A. Griza, Serhii M. Honcharuk, Volodymyr Ya. Mykhalov, Mykhailo M. Barnych, Oleksandr I. Balaban
This article examines current trends in the changing concept of the hero in recent Ukrainian cinema and the related tendency to neglect authentic Ukrainian culture on account of the pervasive influence of Western traditions in cinema. The article employs various, academic methods of art criticism: literary and film analysis, comparison, synthesis, analogy and typologisation. Analysing several films from the period of independent Ukraine, Cyborgs: Heroes Never Die (2017, dir. Akhtem Seitablayev), Sniper. The White Raven (2022, dir. Marian Bushan) and Klondike (2022, dir. Maryna Er Gorbach), the authors show that the depiction of Ukrainian film heroes depends on contemporary local events. The contemporary hero of Ukrainian cinema emerges as an ambiguous figure.
本文考察了最近乌克兰电影中英雄概念的变化趋势，以及由于西方传统在电影中的普遍影响而忽视真实乌克兰文化的相关趋势。本文运用了各种艺术批评的学术方法:文学和电影分析、比较、综合、类比和类型学。分析了乌克兰独立时期的几部电影，《赛博格:英雄不死》(2017)导演。Akhtem Seitablayev)，狙击手。《白鸦》(2022年，导演)玛丽安·布尚)和克朗代克(2022年，导演)。Maryna Er Gorbach)，作者表明，乌克兰电影英雄的描述取决于当代当地事件。乌克兰电影中的当代英雄是一个模棱两可的人物。
{"title":"Changes in the representation of heroes in contemporary Ukrainian cinema","authors":"Viktor A. Griza, Serhii M. Honcharuk, Volodymyr Ya. Mykhalov, Mykhailo M. Barnych, Oleksandr I. Balaban","doi":"10.1177/00472441231206550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231206550","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines current trends in the changing concept of the hero in recent Ukrainian cinema and the related tendency to neglect authentic Ukrainian culture on account of the pervasive influence of Western traditions in cinema. The article employs various, academic methods of art criticism: literary and film analysis, comparison, synthesis, analogy and typologisation. Analysing several films from the period of independent Ukraine, Cyborgs: Heroes Never Die (2017, dir. Akhtem Seitablayev), Sniper. The White Raven (2022, dir. Marian Bushan) and Klondike (2022, dir. Maryna Er Gorbach), the authors show that the depiction of Ukrainian film heroes depends on contemporary local events. The contemporary hero of Ukrainian cinema emerges as an ambiguous figure.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135185935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1177/00472441231206347
Anna Glew
This article examines how ordinary people in the Poltava oblast (Central Ukraine) commemorated the Russia-Ukraine war during the 2014–2021 period (prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022). Focusing on physical commemorative objects constructed by ordinary people, this article investigates the commemorative activity of ordinary people in Central Ukraine who are ‘activated’ to carry out commemorative work by this turbulent and emotionally charged event in Ukraine’s recent history and seek to project their individual, private memories into the public arena. This article’s central argument is that ordinary people in Central Ukraine actively exercise their agency in the area of commemoration, to ensure the memory of the Russia-Ukraine war is present in the commemorative landscape, playing an important role in public meaning-making. Thus, by utilising different types of visual language, ordinary people narrate soldiers’ sacrifice in the name of the nation, presenting Ukraine’s response to Russia’s aggression as a righteous and noble struggle. Through linking this event to other periods of Ukraine’s history, they create plotlines of Ukraine’s centuries-long struggle for sovereignty and self-determination. Therefore, ordinary people contribute to the construction of narratives about history and the identity of the Ukrainian nation. This article is an empirical contribution to the body of knowledge on the commemorative activity of ordinary people as social memory actors, and it also contributes to the knowledge of how ongoing violent conflicts are commemorated.
{"title":"Narrating war through visual language: Commemorative activity of ordinary people in Central Ukraine (Poltava oblast) in 2014–2021","authors":"Anna Glew","doi":"10.1177/00472441231206347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231206347","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how ordinary people in the Poltava oblast (Central Ukraine) commemorated the Russia-Ukraine war during the 2014–2021 period (prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022). Focusing on physical commemorative objects constructed by ordinary people, this article investigates the commemorative activity of ordinary people in Central Ukraine who are ‘activated’ to carry out commemorative work by this turbulent and emotionally charged event in Ukraine’s recent history and seek to project their individual, private memories into the public arena. This article’s central argument is that ordinary people in Central Ukraine actively exercise their agency in the area of commemoration, to ensure the memory of the Russia-Ukraine war is present in the commemorative landscape, playing an important role in public meaning-making. Thus, by utilising different types of visual language, ordinary people narrate soldiers’ sacrifice in the name of the nation, presenting Ukraine’s response to Russia’s aggression as a righteous and noble struggle. Through linking this event to other periods of Ukraine’s history, they create plotlines of Ukraine’s centuries-long struggle for sovereignty and self-determination. Therefore, ordinary people contribute to the construction of narratives about history and the identity of the Ukrainian nation. This article is an empirical contribution to the body of knowledge on the commemorative activity of ordinary people as social memory actors, and it also contributes to the knowledge of how ongoing violent conflicts are commemorated.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441231193657c
Jeremy Black
American entertainment machine, set it apart from the slow trickle of studies and books coming out on Portuguese Cinema in English. The data it presents, including the two appendices, can be of much use to other scholars who can draw on it in further studies. It reads well and its argument is consistent throughout. A few minor things might have made the book even more appealing. For one, it surprises that a book devoted to cinema, especially a cinema that can freely be considered as semi-peripheral, does not include any stills from the various films discussed. Indeed, photographs of the various elements of production would have been a great asset and could have easily contributed to draw more interest to Portuguese cinema as a whole and in relation to specific films. The photo of a filming crew that adorns the book’s cover is the lone exception that proverbially proves the rule. Another, the fact that although it does not ignore the power of ideology, it attempts a form of impartiality that can never prevail. Given the book’s detailed and complex attention to material conditions of production, one could have benefitted from a brief consideration of the events from a materialist perspective. All in all, however, a most welcome contribution to Portuguese studies and to Film studies.
{"title":"Book Review: Maurizio Isabella: Southern Europe in the Age of Revolutions","authors":"Jeremy Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441231193657c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231193657c","url":null,"abstract":"American entertainment machine, set it apart from the slow trickle of studies and books coming out on Portuguese Cinema in English. The data it presents, including the two appendices, can be of much use to other scholars who can draw on it in further studies. It reads well and its argument is consistent throughout. A few minor things might have made the book even more appealing. For one, it surprises that a book devoted to cinema, especially a cinema that can freely be considered as semi-peripheral, does not include any stills from the various films discussed. Indeed, photographs of the various elements of production would have been a great asset and could have easily contributed to draw more interest to Portuguese cinema as a whole and in relation to specific films. The photo of a filming crew that adorns the book’s cover is the lone exception that proverbially proves the rule. Another, the fact that although it does not ignore the power of ideology, it attempts a form of impartiality that can never prevail. Given the book’s detailed and complex attention to material conditions of production, one could have benefitted from a brief consideration of the events from a materialist perspective. All in all, however, a most welcome contribution to Portuguese studies and to Film studies.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46916632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441231193657
Paul Bishop
{"title":"Book Review: Richard Wolin: Heidegger in Ruins: Between Philosophy and Ideology","authors":"Paul Bishop","doi":"10.1177/00472441231193657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231193657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49041427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441231193657d
Jeremy Black
{"title":"Book Review: Christopher Clark: Revolutionary Spring: Europe Aflame and the Fight for a New World, 1848–1849","authors":"Jeremy Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441231193657d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231193657d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42771323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441231193657b
Paulo de Medeiros
circumstances in which translation was undertaken were always complex: a woman translator was not necessarily translating as a woman. Finally, Brown opens up a new area for research by drawing attention to the amount of translation by women that remained in manuscript and may be increased by future archival research. She reconstructs the relative importance of manuscript versus print publication in early modern culture, showing that manuscripts often had high prestige: a text might be carefully copied as a valuable gift, while aristocrats often thought print publication beneath their dignity. Without underrating the potential importance of gender issues in the study of early modern translation, Brown fruitfully questions some critical orthodoxies by correcting anachronistic and over-simple interpretations. Her command of the relevant scholarship is confirmed by her bibliography, with its list of manuscripts consulted in German libraries, primary texts, and 25 pages of secondary literature. Clearly her prolonged visits to the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel have reaped rewards.
进行翻译的环境总是很复杂：女性译者不一定是女性。最后，布朗通过提请人们注意手稿中女性的翻译量，开辟了一个新的研究领域，未来的档案研究可能会增加这些翻译量。她重建了现代早期文化中手稿与印刷出版物的相对重要性，表明手稿通常具有很高的声望：文本可能会被仔细复制作为一份宝贵的礼物，而贵族们通常认为印刷出版物有损于他们的尊严。在没有低估性别问题在早期现代翻译研究中的潜在重要性的情况下，布朗通过纠正不合时宜和过于简单的解释，对一些批判性正统观念提出了富有成效的质疑。她的参考书目、德国图书馆查阅的手稿清单、主要文本和25页的次要文献证实了她对相关学术的掌握。显然，她对Wolfenbüttel的Herzog August Bibliothek图书馆的长期访问获得了回报。
{"title":"Book Review: André Rui Graça: Portuguese Cinema (1960–2010): Consumption, Circulation and Commerce","authors":"Paulo de Medeiros","doi":"10.1177/00472441231193657b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231193657b","url":null,"abstract":"circumstances in which translation was undertaken were always complex: a woman translator was not necessarily translating as a woman. Finally, Brown opens up a new area for research by drawing attention to the amount of translation by women that remained in manuscript and may be increased by future archival research. She reconstructs the relative importance of manuscript versus print publication in early modern culture, showing that manuscripts often had high prestige: a text might be carefully copied as a valuable gift, while aristocrats often thought print publication beneath their dignity. Without underrating the potential importance of gender issues in the study of early modern translation, Brown fruitfully questions some critical orthodoxies by correcting anachronistic and over-simple interpretations. Her command of the relevant scholarship is confirmed by her bibliography, with its list of manuscripts consulted in German libraries, primary texts, and 25 pages of secondary literature. Clearly her prolonged visits to the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel have reaped rewards.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43760286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441231193657a
Ritchie Robertson
{"title":"Book Review: Hilary Brown: Women and Early Modern Cultures of Translation: Beyond the Female Tradition","authors":"Ritchie Robertson","doi":"10.1177/00472441231193657a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231193657a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43626029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1177/00472441231189029
N. Maksudyan
Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four distinguishing features of Hemingway’s reports from Constantinople. First, they provided an eloquent depiction of the city, suggesting the charm and squalor of old ‘Constan’ for the young writer. The second was a clear expectation of a ‘second disaster’, which was assumed to be a replica of Smyrna. Hemingway clearly observed the fears of non-Muslims and foreigners in the city, who were panicking over possible new massacres and pillage. Third, Hemingway quickly realized that the exodus of people – the desperate flight of Christian refugees – and Turkification of the country would be his main subject. His repeated emphasis on refugees permanent loss of a home is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s famous essay ‘We Refugees’, as well as a precursor to Agamben’s point that refugees are reduced to ‘bare life’. Lastly, his prose relied on irony and cynicism, as a cover for his disappointment and shame for humanity and modern civilization. Juxtaposing his writing with contemporary local accounts, I intend to situate his witnessing into the larger historiography of ‘Armistice Istanbul’ and the homogenization policies of the winning Turkish nationalist leadership. Hemingway’s critique of (homogeneous) nation-state formation after the war and the favourable involvement of the Allied countries and humanitarian agencies in the mass production of refugees was quite exceptional and ahead of his times.
{"title":"The fall of a city: Refugees, exodus and exile in Ernest Hemingway’s Istanbul, 1922","authors":"N. Maksudyan","doi":"10.1177/00472441231189029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441231189029","url":null,"abstract":"Ernest Hemingway arrived in Istanbul on 30 September 1922 to cover the end of the Greek–Turkish War for the Toronto Star. From late October to mid-November 1922, Hemingway wrote 20 articles about the last days of the war and the re-constellation of political legitimacy in the region. There are four distinguishing features of Hemingway’s reports from Constantinople. First, they provided an eloquent depiction of the city, suggesting the charm and squalor of old ‘Constan’ for the young writer. The second was a clear expectation of a ‘second disaster’, which was assumed to be a replica of Smyrna. Hemingway clearly observed the fears of non-Muslims and foreigners in the city, who were panicking over possible new massacres and pillage. Third, Hemingway quickly realized that the exodus of people – the desperate flight of Christian refugees – and Turkification of the country would be his main subject. His repeated emphasis on refugees permanent loss of a home is reminiscent of Hannah Arendt’s famous essay ‘We Refugees’, as well as a precursor to Agamben’s point that refugees are reduced to ‘bare life’. Lastly, his prose relied on irony and cynicism, as a cover for his disappointment and shame for humanity and modern civilization. Juxtaposing his writing with contemporary local accounts, I intend to situate his witnessing into the larger historiography of ‘Armistice Istanbul’ and the homogenization policies of the winning Turkish nationalist leadership. Hemingway’s critique of (homogeneous) nation-state formation after the war and the favourable involvement of the Allied countries and humanitarian agencies in the mass production of refugees was quite exceptional and ahead of his times.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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