Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614e
A. Wood
subject matter and poetics/dramaturgy, and sees him as his theatrical forbear (literally at the Berliner Ensemble). Müller picks up similar issues and reworks some aspects of focus and form (e.g. the use of the Lehrstück) with reference to the political situations facing him in the GDR in the 1950s and 1960s, moves away from them in the 1970s but returns to Brecht’s ‘methods’ in the 70s/80s: key factors include the use of non-Aristotelian dramaturgy and anti-illusionism; emphasis on structural conflict as opposed to individual psychology, through types rather than ‘characters’, the search for ‘an aesthetic of impact’ and the goal of a political theatre which presents social circumstances as modifiable. Norman Rössler’s ‘Thinking Brecht in(to) the University’ clarifies that this is not about ‘using a Brecht text’, but rather ‘seeks to intervene, dialecticize and apply Brechtian thought to the disciplinary-capitalized university and its architectonics of specialization . . .’. The essay offers some stimulating thoughts on ‘theatricalizing’ space and teaching– learning relationships, as well as deriving an interactive and semiotic approach from some short Brecht texts on radio production. There are many other useful pieces in this collection, which also has a good Bibliography.
{"title":"Book Reviews: Jan Matti Dollbaum, Morvan Lallouet and Ben Noble: Navalny: Putin’s Nemesis, Russia’s Future?","authors":"A. Wood","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614e","url":null,"abstract":"subject matter and poetics/dramaturgy, and sees him as his theatrical forbear (literally at the Berliner Ensemble). Müller picks up similar issues and reworks some aspects of focus and form (e.g. the use of the Lehrstück) with reference to the political situations facing him in the GDR in the 1950s and 1960s, moves away from them in the 1970s but returns to Brecht’s ‘methods’ in the 70s/80s: key factors include the use of non-Aristotelian dramaturgy and anti-illusionism; emphasis on structural conflict as opposed to individual psychology, through types rather than ‘characters’, the search for ‘an aesthetic of impact’ and the goal of a political theatre which presents social circumstances as modifiable. Norman Rössler’s ‘Thinking Brecht in(to) the University’ clarifies that this is not about ‘using a Brecht text’, but rather ‘seeks to intervene, dialecticize and apply Brechtian thought to the disciplinary-capitalized university and its architectonics of specialization . . .’. The essay offers some stimulating thoughts on ‘theatricalizing’ space and teaching– learning relationships, as well as deriving an interactive and semiotic approach from some short Brecht texts on radio production. There are many other useful pieces in this collection, which also has a good Bibliography.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43510581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614c
P. Bishop
The remarkable lectures that Hegel gave in Berlin in the 1820s generated an exciting and stimulating intellectual atmosphere that lasted for decades. From the 1830s, many students flocked to Berlin to study with people who had studied with Hegel, and both his original students, such as Feuerbach and Bauer, and later arrivals including Kierkegaard, Engels, Bakunin and Marx, evolved into leading nineteenth-century thinkers. Jon Stewart’s panoramic study of Hegel’s deep influence upon the nineteenth century in turn reveals what that century contributed to the wider history of philosophy. It shows how Hegel’s notions of “alienation” and “recognition” became the central motifs for the era’s thinking; how these concepts spilled over into other fields – like religion, politics, literature, and drama; and how they created a cultural phenomenon so rich and pervasive that it can truly be called “Hegel’s century.” This book is required reading for historians of ideas as well as of philosophy.
{"title":"Book Reviews: Jon Stewart: Hegel’s Century: Alienation and Recognition in a Time of Revolution","authors":"P. Bishop","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614c","url":null,"abstract":"The remarkable lectures that Hegel gave in Berlin in the 1820s generated an exciting and stimulating intellectual atmosphere that lasted for decades. From the 1830s, many students flocked to Berlin to study with people who had studied with Hegel, and both his original students, such as Feuerbach and Bauer, and later arrivals including Kierkegaard, Engels, Bakunin and Marx, evolved into leading nineteenth-century thinkers. Jon Stewart’s panoramic study of Hegel’s deep influence upon the nineteenth century in turn reveals what that century contributed to the wider history of philosophy. It shows how Hegel’s notions of “alienation” and “recognition” became the central motifs for the era’s thinking; how these concepts spilled over into other fields – like religion, politics, literature, and drama; and how they created a cultural phenomenon so rich and pervasive that it can truly be called “Hegel’s century.” This book is required reading for historians of ideas as well as of philosophy.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46531430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614g
J. Preece
{"title":"Book Reviews: Andrew Hussey: Speaking East: The Strange and Enchanted Life of Isodore Isou","authors":"J. Preece","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614g","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614d
Ralph Yarrow
Thus, Stewart amply demonstrates how Hegel ‘cast a long shadow’ (pp. 64, 244, 282) on philosophy in the nineteenth century, and this book confirms his view that the history of philosophy in the nineteenth century is characterized not much by a radical break as by various attempts to come to terms with some of the key analyses of Hegel (p. 203) – attempts that continued well into the twentieth century and, indeed, continue into our own (pp. 294–301); Hegel’s shadow is very long. Stewart envisages that his book might be used as a companion or textbook in classes on philosophy or the history of ideas, and it could very well serve this useful function. But there is another significant point: apart from Hegel himself, none of the figures discussed here was a university philosopher (or, if they were, it was not for long; p. 293). (Tellingly, in Eduard Gaertner’s painting of Unter den Linden (1873) that graces the dust jacket of this book, the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great and the Staatsoper are clearly in view, but the Humboldt University on the other side is largely occluded . . . ). In fact, Stewart suggests that there is ‘something powerful in the idea that something important was lost in the practice of philosophy once it became institutionalized’, speculating that ‘the true spirit of philosophy can only exist outside these structures in the spirit of free inquiry’ (p. 281). There is a lesson here for us all.
因此，Stewart充分展示了黑格尔如何在19世纪的哲学上“投下长长的阴影”（第64244282页），这本书证实了他的观点，即十九世纪哲学史的特点与其说是彻底的突破，不如说是各种尝试接受黑格尔的一些关键分析（第203页）——这些尝试一直延续到二十世纪，实际上也一直延续到我们自己（第294–301页）；黑格尔的影子很长。斯图尔特设想，他的书可以作为哲学或思想史课程的配套教材或教科书，它可以很好地发挥这一有用的作用。但还有另一个重要的观点：除了黑格尔本人之外，这里讨论的人物都不是大学哲学家（或者，如果他们是，那也不长；第293页）。（值得注意的是，爱德华·盖特纳（Eduard Gaertner）的《Unter den Linden》（1873）画作为本书的防尘套增色不少，弗雷德里克大帝（Frederick the Great）和国家歌剧院（Staatsoper）的骑马雕像清晰可见，但另一边的洪堡大学（Humboldt University）在很大程度上被遮挡了…）。事实上，Stewart认为，“重要的东西一旦制度化，就会在哲学实践中丢失，这种想法中有一些强大的东西”，并推测“真正的哲学精神只能以自由探究的精神存在于这些结构之外”（第281页）。这里给我们大家上了一课。
{"title":"Book Reviews: Stephen Brockmann (ed.): Bertolt Brecht in Context","authors":"Ralph Yarrow","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614d","url":null,"abstract":"Thus, Stewart amply demonstrates how Hegel ‘cast a long shadow’ (pp. 64, 244, 282) on philosophy in the nineteenth century, and this book confirms his view that the history of philosophy in the nineteenth century is characterized not much by a radical break as by various attempts to come to terms with some of the key analyses of Hegel (p. 203) – attempts that continued well into the twentieth century and, indeed, continue into our own (pp. 294–301); Hegel’s shadow is very long. Stewart envisages that his book might be used as a companion or textbook in classes on philosophy or the history of ideas, and it could very well serve this useful function. But there is another significant point: apart from Hegel himself, none of the figures discussed here was a university philosopher (or, if they were, it was not for long; p. 293). (Tellingly, in Eduard Gaertner’s painting of Unter den Linden (1873) that graces the dust jacket of this book, the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great and the Staatsoper are clearly in view, but the Humboldt University on the other side is largely occluded . . . ). In fact, Stewart suggests that there is ‘something powerful in the idea that something important was lost in the practice of philosophy once it became institutionalized’, speculating that ‘the true spirit of philosophy can only exist outside these structures in the spirit of free inquiry’ (p. 281). There is a lesson here for us all.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47636332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614a
Jeremy Black
conflation of often very dissimilar indications. Thus, the ‘New Look’, Sartre’s Les jeux sont faits and ‘plans for European economic and military integration’ (Adamthwaite means Western Europe) are run together in a confused fashion. Again, as he points out resistance and liberation could generate ‘dreams of renewal’ (p. 56), but the same was the case with ideas of collaboration in a German-directed New Order. In his subsequent praise, Adamthwaite is able to underplay the problems of the Fourth Republic and not mention Poujadism. ‘How is the empire?’ asked George V on his deathbed (p. 16). Well others favour different ending comments.
{"title":"Book Reviews: Ian Ona Johnson: Faustian Bargain. The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War","authors":"Jeremy Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614a","url":null,"abstract":"conflation of often very dissimilar indications. Thus, the ‘New Look’, Sartre’s Les jeux sont faits and ‘plans for European economic and military integration’ (Adamthwaite means Western Europe) are run together in a confused fashion. Again, as he points out resistance and liberation could generate ‘dreams of renewal’ (p. 56), but the same was the case with ideas of collaboration in a German-directed New Order. In his subsequent praise, Adamthwaite is able to underplay the problems of the Fourth Republic and not mention Poujadism. ‘How is the empire?’ asked George V on his deathbed (p. 16). Well others favour different ending comments.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43051302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614f
Alan B. Wood
ultimately punishing anyone who attempts such a thing. But this is precisely what Alexei Navalny is dedicated to achieving. However, given the nature and structure of government under the presidency of Vladimir Putin this is about as likely as the Chief Druid becoming Archbishop of Canterbury. It is not enough simply to protest. One has to have a viable and realistic alternative. Navalny just does not have one. The final chapters of this book grapple with such questions as why, if Navalny has enjoyed such little political success, has the Kremlin – given the measures used to suppress his influence – treated him with such determined hostility? These measures range from banning, vetoing and denigration to arrest, imprisonment and even attempted assassination by poisoning. Despite Navalny’s continued incarceration (as of early 2022), the Kremlin still obviously regards him as something more than simply an irritant, more than a toxic thorn in the flesh. But can he plausibly be considered as ‘Putin’s Nemesis’, or ‘Russia’s Future?’ as the book’s subtitle postulates? Enthusiastic previews written by a number of distinguished pundits such as Mark Galeotti, Fiona Hill, Bridget Kendall and Richard Sakwa have already given encomiastic endorsements to this analysis of Navalny’s story. But it is surely too early in his career (he is still only in his 40s) to come to anything other than a very cautious, hesitant and equivocal answer to the question of Alexei Navalny’s ultimate place in the bigger picture of Russian – let alone global – history. Although, maybe, he deserves at least a footnote.
{"title":"Book Reviews: Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer: Fortress Dark and Stern: The Soviet Home Front During World War II","authors":"Alan B. Wood","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614f","url":null,"abstract":"ultimately punishing anyone who attempts such a thing. But this is precisely what Alexei Navalny is dedicated to achieving. However, given the nature and structure of government under the presidency of Vladimir Putin this is about as likely as the Chief Druid becoming Archbishop of Canterbury. It is not enough simply to protest. One has to have a viable and realistic alternative. Navalny just does not have one. The final chapters of this book grapple with such questions as why, if Navalny has enjoyed such little political success, has the Kremlin – given the measures used to suppress his influence – treated him with such determined hostility? These measures range from banning, vetoing and denigration to arrest, imprisonment and even attempted assassination by poisoning. Despite Navalny’s continued incarceration (as of early 2022), the Kremlin still obviously regards him as something more than simply an irritant, more than a toxic thorn in the flesh. But can he plausibly be considered as ‘Putin’s Nemesis’, or ‘Russia’s Future?’ as the book’s subtitle postulates? Enthusiastic previews written by a number of distinguished pundits such as Mark Galeotti, Fiona Hill, Bridget Kendall and Richard Sakwa have already given encomiastic endorsements to this analysis of Navalny’s story. But it is surely too early in his career (he is still only in his 40s) to come to anything other than a very cautious, hesitant and equivocal answer to the question of Alexei Navalny’s ultimate place in the bigger picture of Russian – let alone global – history. Although, maybe, he deserves at least a footnote.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47354249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221090714
Christiane Steckenbiller
Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017) thematizes the arrival of refugees on Europe’s shores and the division of Europe into core and peripheral regions. The psychological thriller tells the story of two young wealthy white women whose daily routines of swimming and sunbathing are interrupted when they meet a Syrian refugee on a secluded beach. In this article, I argue that the novel overlays geographies of forced migration with those of Greek national history, myth, travel, crime, and violence. The murder committed on a Greek island compels readers to examine what might be considered the larger ‘crimes’ of Europe – exclusionary refugee policies, the meddling in Greek affairs, and the legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In doing so, the novel asks us to rethink the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean as holiday destination, deadly outer border, and Southern Other, both intra- and extra-European at the same time.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614b
Jeremy Black
This is an important work for scholars on both the Second World War and the Holocaust. Based on rich archival holdings, oral interviews with veterans, contemporary periodicals and extensive printed primary research, Grant Harward’s study demonstrates Romanian commitment to the Axis. He argues that Nazi policies readily accorded with the ideology of the Romanian army which is presented as a combination of nationalism, antisemitism and anticommunism with religious identity seen as a further key element. There is also a focus on a key trigger, the Soviet occupation in 1940 of northern Bukovina and Bessarabia, which disturbed and angered Romanians far more than Hungarian and Bulgarian gains in Transylvania and Dobruja, respectively. The army was anxious to assuage its wounded honour (Soviet soldiers had humiliated Romanian officers) and take revenge on Jews and Communists, who were conflated and seen as a Fifth Column, for the humiliating territorial losses. There was antisemitic violence during the withdrawal. Pogroms saw both civilians and soldiers take part in murderous rampages, with mid-level officers playing a role in torture and mutilation alongside murder. Romanian motivation was also intensified in early 1941 by German success in Yugoslavia and Greece. Once the Romanians moved onto the attack against the Soviets, there were largescale massacres of Jews, again with killings by both soldiers and civilians. Some commanders used the fear of opposition by Jewish civilians as the excuse for largescale murder. There was also much rape, in part from a lust to humiliate. Once Odessa fell, there were fresh killings of thousands. As another example of their ‘Holy War’, the Romanians also carried out mass baptisms of Moldavians. There was also large-scale looting. The 1942 offensive saw ideological beliefs if anything hardened in part due to losses, including at the hands of partisans. The slaughter of civilians continued. Once onto the defensive, fear was a key motivator. The Holy War was now seen as a defensive conflict. While the Italians and Hungarians withdrew support from the Germans, the Romanians continued to deploy large numbers of troops. Morale, however, was hit, and Harward shows how this was accentuated by growing weaknesses on the German part, as well as by the withdrawal of German armoured units. There was no longer confidence in Germany’s final victory. The nature of wartime propaganda is ably analysed, as is discipline, which included summary executions, but far fewer than in the case of the Germans, let alone the Soviets. The experience of minority soldiers is also assessed. Most minorities, for example ethnic Hungarians, did what was expected. This is an excellent book that overturns conventional views of low Romanian morale.
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Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1177/00472441221090719
Lydia Ayame Hiraide
This article reflects on historical arguments about migration in conceptualisations of Europe, highlighting an ambivalent support of migration within Europe on the grounds of mutual cultural enrichment. There is a strong tradition, dating back to French and German eighteenth-century thinkers, such as Herder, Voltaire and Fichte, of citing cultural diversity, plurality and exchange to construct an idea of Europe. ‘Europolitanism’, the ideal of Europe as an open space of welcome movement and unprejudiced exchange, conceals, however, exclusionary tendencies: exchange has never been intended for all social groups. Contemporary theorisations of Europe, based ostensibly on cultural exchange, synthesis and plurality, have their roots in Romantic and Enlightenment thought, but then as now there are questions to be asked about participation in pan-European identity formation.
{"title":"Ambivalent borders and hybrid culture: The role of culture and exclusion in historical European discourses of migration","authors":"Lydia Ayame Hiraide","doi":"10.1177/00472441221090719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221090719","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects on historical arguments about migration in conceptualisations of Europe, highlighting an ambivalent support of migration within Europe on the grounds of mutual cultural enrichment. There is a strong tradition, dating back to French and German eighteenth-century thinkers, such as Herder, Voltaire and Fichte, of citing cultural diversity, plurality and exchange to construct an idea of Europe. ‘Europolitanism’, the ideal of Europe as an open space of welcome movement and unprejudiced exchange, conceals, however, exclusionary tendencies: exchange has never been intended for all social groups. Contemporary theorisations of Europe, based ostensibly on cultural exchange, synthesis and plurality, have their roots in Romantic and Enlightenment thought, but then as now there are questions to be asked about participation in pan-European identity formation.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41937593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1177/00472441221091614
J. Black
{"title":"Book Reviews: Anthony Adamthwaite: Britain, France and Europe, 1945–1975. The Elusive Alliance","authors":"J. Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42498455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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