Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2260747
Lucy Welsh, Daniel Newman
Renewed interest in the working lives of publicly funded lawyers has resulted in a growing body of research that has analysed factors which might affect how criminal defence lawyers envisage their role.1 Much of that work has adopted an ethnographic approach, producing important data that can tell us much about the occupational culture of publicly funded defence lawyers in England and Wales. This paper synthesises and integrates the findings of recent ethnographic work on publicly funded defence lawyers, adopting a broadly Bourdieusian approach to theories of occupational culture to draw out commonalities across the findings of various recent studies. We take these findings further, arguing that they can together allow us to develop a working typology or schema for the occupational culture of English and Welsh publicly funded criminal defence lawyers. We also draw on some lessons learned from key studies of “cop culture” to identify seven apparently pervasive yet fluid characteristics of the working culture of this occupational group, before suggesting areas for further development. The seven characteristics that we identify in this article are camaraderie; expertise; economisation; standardisation; conflict, social justice and adversarialism, and pessimism.
{"title":"Camaraderie and conflict: developing an occupational culture typology of publicly funded criminal defence lawyers in England and Wales","authors":"Lucy Welsh, Daniel Newman","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2260747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2260747","url":null,"abstract":"Renewed interest in the working lives of publicly funded lawyers has resulted in a growing body of research that has analysed factors which might affect how criminal defence lawyers envisage their role.1 Much of that work has adopted an ethnographic approach, producing important data that can tell us much about the occupational culture of publicly funded defence lawyers in England and Wales. This paper synthesises and integrates the findings of recent ethnographic work on publicly funded defence lawyers, adopting a broadly Bourdieusian approach to theories of occupational culture to draw out commonalities across the findings of various recent studies. We take these findings further, arguing that they can together allow us to develop a working typology or schema for the occupational culture of English and Welsh publicly funded criminal defence lawyers. We also draw on some lessons learned from key studies of “cop culture” to identify seven apparently pervasive yet fluid characteristics of the working culture of this occupational group, before suggesting areas for further development. The seven characteristics that we identify in this article are camaraderie; expertise; economisation; standardisation; conflict, social justice and adversarialism, and pessimism.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2228694
Lena-Maria Möller, Shahd Alshammari
{"title":"Introduction to special issue: Images of female legal professionals in popular culture - a transnational comparison","authors":"Lena-Maria Möller, Shahd Alshammari","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2228694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2228694","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41452733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2232294
Shivangi Gangwar
ABSTRACT Sujata Massey’s lawyer-detective heroine Perveen Mistry is based on the real-life Cornelia Sorabji and Mithan Lam, the first female Indian lawyers. Over the course of three published novels, Mistry is shown as a true hero with agency over her life, one who investigates, gets into trouble, and ultimately solves cases, albeit with a little help from others. While there has been some representation of women legal professionals in Indian movies or series, the Perveen Mistry series marks the first such depiction in print. Since Mistry is based on real female lawyers, Massey has remained true to the historical realities of pre-Independence India. In this paper, I will examine how realistic is the portrayal of Perveen Mistry as India’s first female lawyer, drawing comparisons with Sorabji’s and Lam’s lives and the lived experiences of women lawyers today. I will also undertake a close textual reading of the novels to attempt a socio-political analysis of the three books’ plots and their role in making or breaking the female lead character. Emphasis will be placed on the interconnected themes of gender, religion, time, and law.
{"title":"“Perveen Mistry investigates”: representing the first Indian female lawyer in fiction","authors":"Shivangi Gangwar","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2232294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2232294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sujata Massey’s lawyer-detective heroine Perveen Mistry is based on the real-life Cornelia Sorabji and Mithan Lam, the first female Indian lawyers. Over the course of three published novels, Mistry is shown as a true hero with agency over her life, one who investigates, gets into trouble, and ultimately solves cases, albeit with a little help from others. While there has been some representation of women legal professionals in Indian movies or series, the Perveen Mistry series marks the first such depiction in print. Since Mistry is based on real female lawyers, Massey has remained true to the historical realities of pre-Independence India. In this paper, I will examine how realistic is the portrayal of Perveen Mistry as India’s first female lawyer, drawing comparisons with Sorabji’s and Lam’s lives and the lived experiences of women lawyers today. I will also undertake a close textual reading of the novels to attempt a socio-political analysis of the three books’ plots and their role in making or breaking the female lead character. Emphasis will be placed on the interconnected themes of gender, religion, time, and law.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"30 1","pages":"249 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2225855
Lena-Maria Möller
This article analyzes how the 2017 Emirati legal drama Justice: Qalb Al Adala depicts its female lead character, young lawyer Farah Hassan Ahmed, as she establishes herself professionally in Abu Dhabi’s legal sector. As the first Emirati television show on Netflix, Justice: Qalb Al Adala targets a global audience that is invited to learn about Abu Dhabi’s legal and justice system. It was created by US producers Walter Parkes and William M. Finkelstein and written by US screenwriter Carol Wolper. The show was co-produced by the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department, the emirate’s highest judicial authority, and can thus be viewed as an “official” representation of the legal and justice system in the United Arab Emirates and its personnel. The present article argues that in portraying the woman lawyer Farah, Justice: Qalb Al Adala replicates several problematic themes that have been previously observed in US law-related screen productions, particularly from the 1980s and 1990s. Yet in other instances, the show advances a much more progressive and positive picture of female legal professionals. In addition, the article concludes that, as an idealized combination of “modernity” and “tradition”, Farah’s character can be understood as a visualization of a preferred contemporary Emirati national identity.
本文分析了2017年阿联酋法律剧《正义:Qalb Al Adala》如何描述其女主角年轻律师Farah Hassan Ahmed在阿布扎比法律界的职业生涯。作为Netflix上的第一部阿联酋电视节目，Justice: Qalb Al Adala面向全球观众，邀请他们了解阿布扎比的法律和司法体系。该剧由美国制片人沃尔特·帕克斯和威廉·m·芬克尔斯坦创作，美国编剧卡罗尔·沃尔珀担任编剧。该节目由阿联酋最高司法机构阿布扎比司法部门联合制作，因此可以被视为阿拉伯联合酋长国法律和司法系统及其人员的“官方”代表。本文认为，在刻画女律师Farah时，Justice: Qalb Al Adala复制了先前在美国法律相关的屏幕制作中观察到的几个有问题的主题，特别是从20世纪80年代和90年代开始。然而，在其他情况下，这部剧展现了女性法律专业人士更加进步和积极的一面。此外，文章的结论是，作为“现代性”与“传统”的理想化结合，法拉的性格可以被理解为一种优选的当代阿联酋民族身份的可视化。
{"title":"The ideal Emirati woman lawyer: femininity and professionalism in <i>Justice: Qalb Al Adala</i>","authors":"Lena-Maria Möller","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2225855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2225855","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes how the 2017 Emirati legal drama Justice: Qalb Al Adala depicts its female lead character, young lawyer Farah Hassan Ahmed, as she establishes herself professionally in Abu Dhabi’s legal sector. As the first Emirati television show on Netflix, Justice: Qalb Al Adala targets a global audience that is invited to learn about Abu Dhabi’s legal and justice system. It was created by US producers Walter Parkes and William M. Finkelstein and written by US screenwriter Carol Wolper. The show was co-produced by the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department, the emirate’s highest judicial authority, and can thus be viewed as an “official” representation of the legal and justice system in the United Arab Emirates and its personnel. The present article argues that in portraying the woman lawyer Farah, Justice: Qalb Al Adala replicates several problematic themes that have been previously observed in US law-related screen productions, particularly from the 1980s and 1990s. Yet in other instances, the show advances a much more progressive and positive picture of female legal professionals. In addition, the article concludes that, as an idealized combination of “modernity” and “tradition”, Farah’s character can be understood as a visualization of a preferred contemporary Emirati national identity.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2215442
Susana Almeida Lopes, Marta Aranha Conceição, João Francisco Santos, Madalena Duarte Ferreira, José Sintra, João Almeida Lopes
ABSTRACT This pilot study presents an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict lawyers’ appraisal ratings in a law firm. Methodology development was based on an 11-years database comprising multiple descriptors from 229 lawyers. The AI model builds upon law firms’ tournament, simulating lawyers’ career competition to predict performance rankings. Within a one-year lag, the accuracy of the model was approximately 88%. With two- and three-year lag times, the predictions show only a minor drop in performance. Benefits of this in-silico strategy involve decreasing the frequency of appraisals linked with considerable time and resource savings. By highlighting the most relevant performance predictors in the firm, practitioners may identify bias in appraisals and realign talent management with business strategy. This longitudinal study aims to pilot predictive research for AI models in talent management in law firms. Future research may lead to predictive models supporting talent strategies and practices.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence applied to lawyers’ appraisals","authors":"Susana Almeida Lopes, Marta Aranha Conceição, João Francisco Santos, Madalena Duarte Ferreira, José Sintra, João Almeida Lopes","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2215442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2215442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This pilot study presents an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict lawyers’ appraisal ratings in a law firm. Methodology development was based on an 11-years database comprising multiple descriptors from 229 lawyers. The AI model builds upon law firms’ tournament, simulating lawyers’ career competition to predict performance rankings. Within a one-year lag, the accuracy of the model was approximately 88%. With two- and three-year lag times, the predictions show only a minor drop in performance. Benefits of this in-silico strategy involve decreasing the frequency of appraisals linked with considerable time and resource savings. By highlighting the most relevant performance predictors in the firm, practitioners may identify bias in appraisals and realign talent management with business strategy. This longitudinal study aims to pilot predictive research for AI models in talent management in law firms. Future research may lead to predictive models supporting talent strategies and practices.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"30 1","pages":"179 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44511640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2215443
Siobhan McConnell
ABSTRACT Commercial awareness is a graduate employability skill that is highly valued by law firms, particularly the larger commercial law firms that dominate recruitment into the legal profession. However, it is a skill that students may struggle to understand and to demonstrate during the graduate recruitment process. This article examines the role of commercial awareness at a crucial point in the law student journey into the legal profession – the law firm graduate interview. This article presents data collected from an innovative two year mixed-methods research study involving law students at a post-92 university who were undergoing interviews with law firms. It provides insight into the “lived experience” of the law firm interview from a student perspective by considering how and when commercial awareness is assessed and the challenges and opportunities assessment presents. This study furthers our limited understanding of how law students define commercial awareness, comparing those definitions to those employed by the legal profession and considering the disconnect between students and law firms. This article argues that, in the context of commercial awareness, there is more that law firms and law schools can do to better support law students seeking employment in the legal profession.
{"title":"Commercial awareness and the law student journey into the legal profession – definitional challenges and the lived experience of the graduate interview","authors":"Siobhan McConnell","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2215443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2215443","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Commercial awareness is a graduate employability skill that is highly valued by law firms, particularly the larger commercial law firms that dominate recruitment into the legal profession. However, it is a skill that students may struggle to understand and to demonstrate during the graduate recruitment process. This article examines the role of commercial awareness at a crucial point in the law student journey into the legal profession – the law firm graduate interview. This article presents data collected from an innovative two year mixed-methods research study involving law students at a post-92 university who were undergoing interviews with law firms. It provides insight into the “lived experience” of the law firm interview from a student perspective by considering how and when commercial awareness is assessed and the challenges and opportunities assessment presents. This study furthers our limited understanding of how law students define commercial awareness, comparing those definitions to those employed by the legal profession and considering the disconnect between students and law firms. This article argues that, in the context of commercial awareness, there is more that law firms and law schools can do to better support law students seeking employment in the legal profession.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"30 1","pages":"189 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44272799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2199997
Gina Masterton, J. Flood, Zoe Rathus, Kieran Tranter
{"title":"“I didn’t have a chance”: perceptions of the attitudes and roles of legal professionals for women involved in Hague international child abduction cases","authors":"Gina Masterton, J. Flood, Zoe Rathus, Kieran Tranter","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2199997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2199997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46354572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2197602
Hilary Christina Bell, Aisha Al-Naama
ABSTRACT Women in the Arab world have never had better access to education and professional careers. Despite this, gender stereotypes are hampering women’s progression towards gender equality. This article considers how the representation of women in film is contributing to the issue. The representation of female lawyers in Lebanese and Egyptian cinema over the last 75 years demonstrates gender disparity. On the scarce occasions when female lawyers are represented, they are confined to a caretaker role and associated with family disputes. By associating female lawyers with the family, they are put into the traditional Arab role of a woman, reinforcing the imbedded stereotypes that hamper the career progression of Arab women. We do not see male family members contributing to family obligations, which would demonstrate a significant move towards gender parity. Female lawyers are often defined by a relationship, romantic or otherwise, with a male protagonist. This perpetuates the patriarchal norm that Arab women are subordinate to their male relatives. There has been a shift towards greater gender equality in the representation of female lawyers in contemporary portrayals in Lebanese cinema. However, female lawyers still most often appear in isolation, giving them the status of an anomaly, the “Other”.
{"title":"Female lawyers in Egyptian and Lebanese films over the last 75 years: caretakers and anomalies with limited back stories","authors":"Hilary Christina Bell, Aisha Al-Naama","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2197602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2197602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Women in the Arab world have never had better access to education and professional careers. Despite this, gender stereotypes are hampering women’s progression towards gender equality. This article considers how the representation of women in film is contributing to the issue. The representation of female lawyers in Lebanese and Egyptian cinema over the last 75 years demonstrates gender disparity. On the scarce occasions when female lawyers are represented, they are confined to a caretaker role and associated with family disputes. By associating female lawyers with the family, they are put into the traditional Arab role of a woman, reinforcing the imbedded stereotypes that hamper the career progression of Arab women. We do not see male family members contributing to family obligations, which would demonstrate a significant move towards gender parity. Female lawyers are often defined by a relationship, romantic or otherwise, with a male protagonist. This perpetuates the patriarchal norm that Arab women are subordinate to their male relatives. There has been a shift towards greater gender equality in the representation of female lawyers in contemporary portrayals in Lebanese cinema. However, female lawyers still most often appear in isolation, giving them the status of an anomaly, the “Other”.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"30 1","pages":"237 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43950941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2190898
Corinne Delmas
{"title":"The feminisation of the notary profession in France: end of a patriarchal bastion or sedimentation of a gender stratification?","authors":"Corinne Delmas","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2190898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2190898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48609823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/09695958.2023.2191965
Kellyn O. McGee
ABSTRACT Clair Huxtable was the iconic mother, wife, and lawyer on The Cosby Show, an American television sitcom that premiered in September 1984. She appeared to be the perfect lawyer—partner in a law firm, prepared for every case, triumphant in every case, and never stepping over, or anywhere near, the boundary line of legal ethics—all while mothering children ranging in age from 5 to 20 years and supporting her equally successful obstetrician/gynecologist husband. In all her perfection, Clair presumably inspired young women to become lawyers during the middle 1980s through the early 1990s, and beyond. Clair Huxtable was a tough act to follow. The Black women lawyers who came after her on scripted television brought more realism to what it really means to be Black, woman, and a lawyer. These characters have helped direct the professional identities of their real counterparts in the decades since Clair entered our living rooms. This article explores the images of Black woman lawyer characters on scripted television since 1984 and how those images compare or contrast with Clair Huxtable and real-life Black women lawyers.
{"title":"From Clair to Annalise: how to get away with being a black woman lawyer on television","authors":"Kellyn O. McGee","doi":"10.1080/09695958.2023.2191965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2023.2191965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Clair Huxtable was the iconic mother, wife, and lawyer on The Cosby Show, an American television sitcom that premiered in September 1984. She appeared to be the perfect lawyer—partner in a law firm, prepared for every case, triumphant in every case, and never stepping over, or anywhere near, the boundary line of legal ethics—all while mothering children ranging in age from 5 to 20 years and supporting her equally successful obstetrician/gynecologist husband. In all her perfection, Clair presumably inspired young women to become lawyers during the middle 1980s through the early 1990s, and beyond. Clair Huxtable was a tough act to follow. The Black women lawyers who came after her on scripted television brought more realism to what it really means to be Black, woman, and a lawyer. These characters have helped direct the professional identities of their real counterparts in the decades since Clair entered our living rooms. This article explores the images of Black woman lawyer characters on scripted television since 1984 and how those images compare or contrast with Clair Huxtable and real-life Black women lawyers.","PeriodicalId":43893,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Legal Profession","volume":"30 1","pages":"267 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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