Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2165021
Janeke Thumbran, Katherine Gillam
Abstract This paper examines the emergence of the Black Students’ Movement (BSM), a black organization formed at Rhodes University in the 1980s. The BSM aligned its anti-apartheid politics with the United Democratic Front (UDF) and black consciousness philosophy. It emerged due to the conservative disposition of the Student Representative Council (SRC), and sought to address both the issues that black students faced on campus and to draw attention to the broader political context of the time. The central argument of the paper is that the BSM, as an anti-apartheid students’ organization, used protest as a tool to represent the issues of black students at Rhodes. This paper demonstrates that the BSM’s demands were largely recognised by the Rhodes senate, and its politics created small but significant changes in the university’s policies. During the 2015 period, Rhodes University once again saw a formation of a new BSM, raising the issues of ‘decolonization’ and transformation.
{"title":"“Until the people govern”: the Black students’ movement at Rhodes University in the 1980s","authors":"Janeke Thumbran, Katherine Gillam","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2165021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2165021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the emergence of the Black Students’ Movement (BSM), a black organization formed at Rhodes University in the 1980s. The BSM aligned its anti-apartheid politics with the United Democratic Front (UDF) and black consciousness philosophy. It emerged due to the conservative disposition of the Student Representative Council (SRC), and sought to address both the issues that black students faced on campus and to draw attention to the broader political context of the time. The central argument of the paper is that the BSM, as an anti-apartheid students’ organization, used protest as a tool to represent the issues of black students at Rhodes. This paper demonstrates that the BSM’s demands were largely recognised by the Rhodes senate, and its politics created small but significant changes in the university’s policies. During the 2015 period, Rhodes University once again saw a formation of a new BSM, raising the issues of ‘decolonization’ and transformation.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74458790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2170609
L. Molina
Abstract Nestled north of the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, the University of North Texas (UNT). UNT, formerly known as North Texas State University (NTSU), contributed to global anti-apartheid efforts. Sparked by NTSU students, protests, rallies, and lectures created a new arena for these young activists to voice concern and take action against the apartheid regime in South Africa during the late 1980s. Most studies regarding anti-apartheid activism tend to focus on often elite private universities or major flagship universities. This study helps fill in the gap regarding what happened at more working-class universities and colleges. This article tells the story of North Texas State University’s courageous students who led an on-campus grassroots campaign which contributed to the end of apartheid.
{"title":"“North Texas stopped being a spectator”: anti-apartheid efforts at the University of North Texas","authors":"L. Molina","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2170609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2170609","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nestled north of the Dallas Fort Worth Metroplex, the University of North Texas (UNT). UNT, formerly known as North Texas State University (NTSU), contributed to global anti-apartheid efforts. Sparked by NTSU students, protests, rallies, and lectures created a new arena for these young activists to voice concern and take action against the apartheid regime in South Africa during the late 1980s. Most studies regarding anti-apartheid activism tend to focus on often elite private universities or major flagship universities. This study helps fill in the gap regarding what happened at more working-class universities and colleges. This article tells the story of North Texas State University’s courageous students who led an on-campus grassroots campaign which contributed to the end of apartheid.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"84 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78535373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2165013
Eric Covey
Abstract The history of the anti-apartheid movement at Michigan’s public universities tends to focus on MSU in Lansing, UM in Ann Arbor, and WMU in Kalamazoo. The anti-apartheid movement outside of these and a few less-well-known cases remains largely unknown. Drawing on a small selection of archival documents, this essay explores the history of the anti-apartheid movement at Grand Valley State College in West Michigan, a region presently most well known for its conservative politics. This surprising microhistory includes contributions from two important South Africans, Allan Boesak and Ben Khoapa, dedicated organizing by students on campus, and a series of articles published in the student newspaper, The Lanthorn.
密歇根州公立大学反种族隔离运动的历史往往集中在兰辛的密歇根州立大学、安娜堡的密歇根大学和卡拉马祖的威斯康星大学。除了这些和一些不太知名的案例之外，反种族隔离运动在很大程度上仍然不为人所知。本文选取了一小部分档案文件，探讨了西密歇根州格兰谷州立大学(Grand Valley State College)反种族隔离运动的历史，该地区目前以其保守政治而闻名。这段令人惊讶的微观历史包括两位重要的南非人Allan Boesak和Ben Khoapa的贡献，他们是由校园学生组织的，并在学生报纸《the Lanthorn》上发表了一系列文章。
{"title":"The anti-apartheid movement at Grand Valley State College in West Michigan","authors":"Eric Covey","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2165013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2165013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The history of the anti-apartheid movement at Michigan’s public universities tends to focus on MSU in Lansing, UM in Ann Arbor, and WMU in Kalamazoo. The anti-apartheid movement outside of these and a few less-well-known cases remains largely unknown. Drawing on a small selection of archival documents, this essay explores the history of the anti-apartheid movement at Grand Valley State College in West Michigan, a region presently most well known for its conservative politics. This surprising microhistory includes contributions from two important South Africans, Allan Boesak and Ben Khoapa, dedicated organizing by students on campus, and a series of articles published in the student newspaper, The Lanthorn.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"69 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83510360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2175473
Derek Catsam
Abstract This brief essay provides an introduction to this special issue on anti-apartheid movements on college and university campuses.
这篇简短的文章介绍了这个关于大学校园反种族隔离运动的特刊。
{"title":"Introduction to Safundi special issue: anti-Apartheid movements on campus","authors":"Derek Catsam","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2175473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2175473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This brief essay provides an introduction to this special issue on anti-apartheid movements on college and university campuses.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"5 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80656481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2165017
E. Morgan
Abstract Five years after the Sharpeville Massacre propelled South Africa and apartheid into international consciousness, Students for a Democratic Society, founded in 1960 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, organized a significant protest in New York City to both commemorate the anniversary of Sharpeville and, more pressing, to raise awareness of the connections between United States corporations—specifically Chase Manhattan Bank—and apartheid. The protest at Chase Manhattan's headquarters in March 1965 was the culminating event in the “Action Against Apartheid Week” activities taking place in the New York City area. This article examines SDS's protest against Chase Manhattan as a critical precursor to the divestment movements that developed across US college and university campuses during the 1970s and 1980s, exploring the influence of students and youth activists on both US foreign policy and the international anti-apartheid struggle.
{"title":"The higher morality: Students for a Democratic Society confronts apartheid","authors":"E. Morgan","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2165017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2165017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Five years after the Sharpeville Massacre propelled South Africa and apartheid into international consciousness, Students for a Democratic Society, founded in 1960 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, organized a significant protest in New York City to both commemorate the anniversary of Sharpeville and, more pressing, to raise awareness of the connections between United States corporations—specifically Chase Manhattan Bank—and apartheid. The protest at Chase Manhattan's headquarters in March 1965 was the culminating event in the “Action Against Apartheid Week” activities taking place in the New York City area. This article examines SDS's protest against Chase Manhattan as a critical precursor to the divestment movements that developed across US college and university campuses during the 1970s and 1980s, exploring the influence of students and youth activists on both US foreign policy and the international anti-apartheid struggle.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"102 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80888864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2165015
M. Sikes, Alfred Anangwe
Abstract A London-based rugby team toured Kenya mere days after the recently concluded, extremely controversial 1980 British Lions rugby tour of apartheid South Africa. Failure by Kenyan officials to retract the invitation for yet another British team was an outright denial of clearly stated anti-apartheid principles. After student campaigners advocated a boycott of the tour by the London Metropolitan Police, the University of Nairobi rugby team was the first to refuse to compete. This action by a Kenyan university team choosing to disrupt a British sports tour broke the top-down mold of past Kenyan anti-apartheid sport activism and was a rare instance of a student-led sport boycott that directly opposed the stance taken by Kenyan sport officials.
{"title":"“It is the principle behind the issue which is important and sacred”: Kenyan rugby and the 1980 University of Nairobi campaign to end British contact with apartheid sport","authors":"M. Sikes, Alfred Anangwe","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2165015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2165015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A London-based rugby team toured Kenya mere days after the recently concluded, extremely controversial 1980 British Lions rugby tour of apartheid South Africa. Failure by Kenyan officials to retract the invitation for yet another British team was an outright denial of clearly stated anti-apartheid principles. After student campaigners advocated a boycott of the tour by the London Metropolitan Police, the University of Nairobi rugby team was the first to refuse to compete. This action by a Kenyan university team choosing to disrupt a British sports tour broke the top-down mold of past Kenyan anti-apartheid sport activism and was a rare instance of a student-led sport boycott that directly opposed the stance taken by Kenyan sport officials.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"36 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86084028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2023.2172746
K. Shapiro, Daniel Letwin, E. Arnesen
Abstract American college campuses during the Reagan years were far from quiescent or complacent. Anti-apartheid activism and efforts to get universities to divest from companies doing business in South Africa dominated campus activism in the mid-1980s. To dramatize racial and economic oppression in South Africa, students built shanties to represent the poverty and exploitation of that county’s black population. They also signed petitions, demonstrated, and formed alliances with local activists. Such was the case at Yale. While anti-apartheid politics dominated the mid-1980s, students also challenged the Reagan administration’s interventionist policies toward Central America and engaged in local causes, particularly the union organizing efforts of Yale’s employees. Anti-apartheid activism thus represented but one organizing effort, albeit a major one, at Yale during the 1980s. Yale never fully divested, but the actions of students, as well as the often hostile response of the administration, ensured that apartheid and divestment were front and center of college life.
{"title":"Campus activism at Yale: fragmentary memories and reflections on the 1980s","authors":"K. Shapiro, Daniel Letwin, E. Arnesen","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2023.2172746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2023.2172746","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract American college campuses during the Reagan years were far from quiescent or complacent. Anti-apartheid activism and efforts to get universities to divest from companies doing business in South Africa dominated campus activism in the mid-1980s. To dramatize racial and economic oppression in South Africa, students built shanties to represent the poverty and exploitation of that county’s black population. They also signed petitions, demonstrated, and formed alliances with local activists. Such was the case at Yale. While anti-apartheid politics dominated the mid-1980s, students also challenged the Reagan administration’s interventionist policies toward Central America and engaged in local causes, particularly the union organizing efforts of Yale’s employees. Anti-apartheid activism thus represented but one organizing effort, albeit a major one, at Yale during the 1980s. Yale never fully divested, but the actions of students, as well as the often hostile response of the administration, ensured that apartheid and divestment were front and center of college life.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"56 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72628132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2022.2068284
Josh Jewell
Abstract In postcolonial criticism of South African fiction there is both a failure to account for the material realities of the present and an overhasty desire to think beyond it to the future. In this article, I look at how Nadine Gordimer’s The Pickup (2001) represents the material continuities of apartheid in the form of clientelistic, dependent labor. Whilst the progressive protagonist Julie believes she can live in an “alternative society” with her illegal immigrant partner Ibrahim outside the imperatives of the rapidly corporatizing South Africa, this is revealed to be a fantasy that simply reproduces the indentured conditions of Ibrahim’s existence. In both form and content, The Pickup attacks the naïve desire to live outside of the contingencies of contemporary South Africa.
{"title":"“Alternative solutions for the alternative society”: labor and neoliberalism in Nadine Gordimer’s The Pickup","authors":"Josh Jewell","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2022.2068284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2022.2068284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In postcolonial criticism of South African fiction there is both a failure to account for the material realities of the present and an overhasty desire to think beyond it to the future. In this article, I look at how Nadine Gordimer’s The Pickup (2001) represents the material continuities of apartheid in the form of clientelistic, dependent labor. Whilst the progressive protagonist Julie believes she can live in an “alternative society” with her illegal immigrant partner Ibrahim outside the imperatives of the rapidly corporatizing South Africa, this is revealed to be a fantasy that simply reproduces the indentured conditions of Ibrahim’s existence. In both form and content, The Pickup attacks the naïve desire to live outside of the contingencies of contemporary South Africa.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"375 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75532046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2022.2077899
M. Titlestad
Abstract This article reflects on the history of English Studies in Africa, the journal published biannually since 1958 that is affiliated to the Department of English, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. My reflections, based on my 14-year editorship, are anecdotal. They are motivated by three considerations. First, journal editorship is a largely invisible practice in both institutions and across the literary studies academy, and it warrants comment because it is unduly influential. Second, anecdotes articulate situated experiences and practices. I am loath to make general inferences since each literary studies journal is embedded in its context and fashioned by distinct priorities, traditions, and routines. Nonetheless, this account will resonate in some respects with contributors and editors across the literary studies academy. Finally, changes at English Studies in Africa have refracted shifts in literary scholarship, which allows us to reflect, not just on the succession of critical paradigms, but on the effects of digitization, particularly the erosion of provincialism.
{"title":"Reflections on editing a South African literary studies journal","authors":"M. Titlestad","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2022.2077899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2022.2077899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reflects on the history of English Studies in Africa, the journal published biannually since 1958 that is affiliated to the Department of English, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. My reflections, based on my 14-year editorship, are anecdotal. They are motivated by three considerations. First, journal editorship is a largely invisible practice in both institutions and across the literary studies academy, and it warrants comment because it is unduly influential. Second, anecdotes articulate situated experiences and practices. I am loath to make general inferences since each literary studies journal is embedded in its context and fashioned by distinct priorities, traditions, and routines. Nonetheless, this account will resonate in some respects with contributors and editors across the literary studies academy. Finally, changes at English Studies in Africa have refracted shifts in literary scholarship, which allows us to reflect, not just on the succession of critical paradigms, but on the effects of digitization, particularly the erosion of provincialism.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"9 1 1","pages":"435 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17533171.2022.2054575
Eddie Michel
Abstract This article explores the calculated approach adopted by the John F. Kennedy Administration in formulating policy toward apartheid South Africa. The article will demonstrate that in a strategy which mirrored its approach toward the domestic racial question, the White House offered symbolic gestures to appease the newly independent African states but refused to engage in stronger actions that could lead to tangible change for fear of damaging ties with a vehemently anti-communist Cold War ally.
{"title":"“Since we can’t now bet on a winner, we should be hedging our bets and buying time”: President John F. Kennedy, domestic racial equality and apartheid South Africa in the early 1960s","authors":"Eddie Michel","doi":"10.1080/17533171.2022.2054575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2022.2054575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the calculated approach adopted by the John F. Kennedy Administration in formulating policy toward apartheid South Africa. The article will demonstrate that in a strategy which mirrored its approach toward the domestic racial question, the White House offered symbolic gestures to appease the newly independent African states but refused to engage in stronger actions that could lead to tangible change for fear of damaging ties with a vehemently anti-communist Cold War ally.","PeriodicalId":43901,"journal":{"name":"Safundi-The Journal of South African and American Studies","volume":"385 1","pages":"330 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75525033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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