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Knowledge of Greek and Latin Roots is Related to Reading Comprehension among French-Speaking Sixth Graders 希腊语和拉丁语词根知识与法语六年级学生阅读理解的关系
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.30473
Kathleen Whissell-Turner, Anila Fejzo
By the end of primary school, students are confronted with expository texts known for their high proportion of domain-specific academic vocabulary words. These words usually comprise Greek or Latin roots in their internal structure. Recent findings showed that knowledge of Greek and Latin roots is related to reading comprehension. However, no study has investigated such a relationship in a francophone context. Therefore, the present study sought to measure Greek and Latin roots’ relation to reading comprehension among French 6th graders. To do so, 40 participants were administrated an experimental task on Greek and Latin roots knowledge and a reading comprehension standardized subset test. Variables related to reading comprehension, such as morphological awareness, vocabulary breadth, word reading fluency, oral comprehension, and working memory were also measured. Results showed that knowledge of Greek and Latin roots significantly predicted variation of reading comprehension. This paper discusses scientific and educational implications of this finding.
到小学毕业时,学生面临的说明文以其高比例的特定领域的学术词汇而闻名。这些词的内部结构通常包含希腊或拉丁词根。最近的研究表明,希腊和拉丁词根的知识与阅读理解有关。然而,还没有研究在法语背景下调查这种关系。因此,本研究试图测量希腊和拉丁词根与法语六年级学生阅读理解的关系。为此,40名参与者接受了关于希腊语和拉丁语词根知识的实验任务,以及阅读理解标准化子集测试。与阅读理解相关的变量,如词形意识、词汇广度、单词阅读流畅性、口语理解和工作记忆也被测量。结果表明,希腊语和拉丁语词根的知识显著预测了阅读理解的变化。本文讨论了这一发现的科学和教育意义。
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引用次数: 1
Differential Effects of Input-based and Output-based Tasks on L2 Vocabulary Learning 输入型任务和输出型任务对二语词汇学习的差异影响
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31183
Phuong Duong, Maribel Montero Perez, P. Desmet, E. Peters
This paper reports on a quasi-experimental study that explored the differential effects of input- and output-based tasks on L2 vocabulary learning. The study adopted a pretest- posttest within-participants design, with sixty Vietnamese EFL university students. Participants in the experimental group completed four input and four output tasks in an online learning environment. The target items (ten single words and ten compounds) were counterbalanced across the tasks. The study measured vocabulary gains at four levels of sensitivity: spontaneous use of the target items, form recall, meaning recall and meaning recognition. The analyses showed that the input-based tasks resulted in higher vocabulary gains at the meaning recall level, whereas the output-based tasks resulted in better scores at the form recall level. No difference was found in the spontaneous use and meaning recognition tests.
本文报道了一项准实验研究,探讨了输入型任务和输出型任务对二语词汇学习的不同影响。本研究以60名越南大学英语学生为研究对象,采用前测-后测的被试设计。实验组的参与者在在线学习环境中完成了4个输入和4个输出任务。目标项目(10个单字和10个复合词)在任务之间是平衡的。该研究在四个敏感性水平上测量词汇量的增长:自发使用目标项目、形式回忆、意义回忆和意义识别。结果表明,基于输入的任务在意义回忆水平上获得了更高的词汇量,而基于输出的任务在形式回忆水平上获得了更高的分数。自发使用和意义识别测试没有发现差异。
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引用次数: 2
Review of Deterritorializing Language, Teaching, Learning, and Research. Deleuzo-Guattarian Perspectives on Second Language Education 评论《语言、教学、学习和研究的去地域化》。第二语言教育的德勒兹-瓜田主义视角
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31452
Magali Forte
  
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引用次数: 0
Technology-Mediated Language Training: Developing and Assessing a Module for a Blended Curriculum for Newcomers 以技术为媒介的语言培训:为新来者开发和评估一个混合课程模块
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31533
Gillian McLellan, Eva Kartchava, M. Rodgers
Newcomers to Canada with low proficiency in English or French often face challenges in the workforce (Kustec, 2012). While language classes provide workplace language training, not all newcomers are able to attend face-to-face classes (Shaffir & Satzewich 2010), suggesting a need for outside the classroom, occupation-specific language training. The use of technology has been shown to be advantageous for second language (L2) learning (Stockwell, 2007), especially when used outside the classroom (i.e., mobile-assisted language learning), as mobile technology affords learners greater control and flexibility over their own learning (Yang, 2013). This paper reports on a study investigating the development of a blended curriculum for L2 learners employed in customer service. A technology-mediated module was designed and developed within a task-based language teaching framework to provide workplace-linguistic support on mobile devices, enabling learners to access the language instruction they needed, when they needed it. The module contents and usability were assessed by high-beginner English proficiency newcomers employed in customer service (n=4) and their volunteer teachers (n=4). Results confirm the overall benefits of using language learning technology in providing instruction that meets participant language needs, ensuring opportunities for individualized training. Implications for designing, implementing, and researching technology-mediated modules are discussed.
英语或法语水平较低的加拿大新移民经常在劳动力中面临挑战(Kustec, 2012)。虽然语言课程提供职场语言培训,但并非所有新人都能参加面对面的课程(Shaffir & Satzewich 2010),这表明需要课堂外的、针对职业的语言培训。技术的使用已被证明对第二语言(L2)学习是有利的(Stockwell, 2007),特别是在课堂外使用时(即移动辅助语言学习),因为移动技术为学习者提供了对自己学习的更大控制和灵活性(Yang, 2013)。本文报告了一项研究,调查了客户服务中二语学习者的混合课程的发展。在基于任务的语言教学框架内,设计并开发了一个以技术为媒介的模块,以在移动设备上提供工作场所语言支持,使学习者能够在需要时访问所需的语言教学。模块内容和可用性由客户服务初学英语的新人(n=4)和他们的志愿者老师(n=4)进行评估。结果证实了使用语言学习技术在提供满足参与者语言需求的教学方面的总体效益,确保了个性化培训的机会。讨论了设计、实现和研究技术中介模块的意义。
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引用次数: 2
Get ‘em While They’re Young: Complex Digitally-Mediated Tasks for EFL Learners in Primary Schools 趁他们年轻:小学英语学习者的复杂数字媒介任务
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31340
Celestine Caruso, Judith Hofmann, A. Rohde
We suggest that complex tasks can be introduced to learners as early as primary school level with the help of digital media in the form of different apps. As a theoretical basis, we will first outline the principles of teaching English in (German) primary schools. Secondly, we will look at the framework of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) according to Nunan (2004) and explore how digitally-mediated tasks can be connected to this framework. Then, we will look at complex tasks as outlined by Hallet (2011) and present an example of a complex digital task for young English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners that we developed and tested in a German primary school classroom. It is suggested that TBLT at the primary level is a motivating alternative to playful teaching techniques traditionally championed at the primary level. Moreover, it may be a way of bridging the problematic gap between the primary and secondary levels as tasks can prepare young learners for the challenges they will face at the secondary level.
我们建议,在不同应用程序形式的数字媒体的帮助下,可以早在小学阶段就向学习者介绍复杂的任务。作为理论基础,我们将首先概述(德国)小学英语教学的原则。其次,我们将研究Nunan(2004)提出的任务型语言教学(TBLT)框架,并探索如何将数字媒介任务与该框架联系起来。然后,我们将研究Hallet(2011)概述的复杂任务,并提出一个针对年轻英语作为外语(EFL)学习者的复杂数字任务的例子,我们在德国小学课堂上开发并测试了该任务。有人建议,在小学阶段,任务型教学是一种激励替代传统上在小学阶段倡导的游戏教学技术。此外,这可能是弥合小学和中学之间存在问题的差距的一种方式,因为任务可以使年轻学习者为他们在中学阶段将面临的挑战做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic Risk-Taking: A Bridge Between the Classroom and the Outside World 语言冒险:连接课堂与外部世界的桥梁
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31308
E. Griffiths, Nikolay Slavkov
This article describes an initiative launched at a Canadian bilingual university in order to encourage L2 French and L2 English learners to take ‘linguistic risks’: authentic, autonomous communicative acts where learners are pushed out of their linguistic comfort zone. The initiative was operationalized through the development of a Linguistic Risk-Taking Passport, which contains 74 linguistic risks that students can take in their L2 across the university campus and in their everyday life. An analysis of interviews with participating teachers (n=6) and learner self-report data from completed passports (n=410) examines how the initiative was integrated into the classroom and which passport items were perceived by students as particularly high-risk. A cyclical process of risk-taking within a broad Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) framework is described in which risks are viewed as learner-selected tasks with a dynamic affective slant; risks can be used to connect classroom learning with real-life L2 use and vice versa. The data illustrate that linguistic risk-taking can help TBLT practitioners generate ideas on how to narrow the gap between the classroom and the real-world. The article concludes with a list of practical implications and suggestions for adapting linguistic risk-taking to other institutional contexts.
这篇文章描述了加拿大一所双语大学发起的一项倡议,旨在鼓励第二语言法语和第二语言英语学习者承担“语言风险”:真实的、自主的交际行为,学习者将被推出他们的语言舒适区。该倡议是通过制定语言风险护照来实施的,该护照包含74种语言风险,学生可以在大学校园和日常生活中进行第二语言学习。对参与的教师(n=6)的访谈和完成护照的学习者自我报告数据(n=410)的分析,检验了该倡议是如何融入课堂的,以及学生认为哪些护照项目特别高风险。在广泛的任务型语言教学(TBLT)框架内描述了冒险的周期性过程,其中风险被视为具有动态情感倾向的学习者选择的任务;风险可以用来将课堂学习与现实生活中的第二语言使用联系起来,反之亦然。数据表明,语言冒险可以帮助任务型教学法的实践者产生关于如何缩小课堂和现实世界之间差距的想法。文章最后列出了一系列实际意义和建议,以适应其他制度背景下的语言冒险。
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引用次数: 2
Task-Based Language Learning and Beginning Language Learners: Examining Classroom-Based Small Group Learning in Grade 1 French Immersion 任务型语言学习与初级语言学习者:一年级法语浸入式课堂小组学习研究
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31378
Renée Bourgoin, Josée Le Bouthillier
Elementary French immersion (FI) language arts teachers often organize instruction around small learning groups. Students rotate through learning stations/centres and work independently with their peers on L2 literacy skills. This study examined how principles of task-based language teaching (TBLT) can be used and/or adapted to further support beginning L2 learners working independently at various literacy stations. This classroom-based study employed a pragmatic ‘research design’ methodology. Researchers worked alongside Grade 1 FI teachers (n=3) in the development and classroom implementation of language/literacy tasks designed around TBLT principles for use in literacy centres. Data collected included classroom observations in two Grade 1 FI classrooms, samples of students’ work, teacher interviews, and task-based lesson plans.  Findings suggest that integrating/adapting TBLT principles to small group independent learning stations was particularly impactful in supporting young beginning language learners with extended language output, peer interaction, learner autonomy, emerging spontaneous language use, and student engagement. Additional instructional focus on corrective feedback, oral communication skills, and focus on form and function were also reported. 
小学法语浸入式(FI)语言艺术教师经常围绕小学习小组组织教学。学生在学习站/中心轮流学习,并与同龄人一起独立学习第二语言读写技能。本研究考察了任务型语言教学(TBLT)的原则如何被使用和/或适应,以进一步支持在不同识字站独立工作的初级二语学习者。这项以课堂为基础的研究采用了实用的“研究设计”方法。研究人员与一年级FI教师(n=3)一起,围绕任务型教学原则设计了用于读写中心的语言/读写任务,并在课堂上实施了这些任务。收集的数据包括两个一年级FI教室的课堂观察、学生作业样本、教师访谈和基于任务的教案。研究结果表明,将任务型教学原则整合/适应于小组独立学习站,在支持年轻的初级语言学习者扩展语言输出、同伴互动、学习者自主、新兴的自发语言使用和学生参与方面尤其有效。额外的教学重点是纠正反馈,口头沟通技巧,注重形式和功能也有报道。
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引用次数: 2
Does Portfolio-Based Language Assessment Align with Learning-Oriented Assessment? Evidence from Literacy Learners and their Instructors 基于投资组合的语言评估与以学习为导向的评估一致吗?来自识字学习者及其教师的证据
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31338
Marilyn L. Abbott, Kent Lee, Sabine Ricioppo
A high-stakes Portfolio-Based Language Assessment (PBLA) protocol that was fully implemented in all Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) programs in 2019 requires instructors and students to set language-learning goals and complete, compile, and reflect on numerous authentic language tasks. Due to the language barriers incurred when communicating with beginner English-as-a-second-language literacy learners (BELLs), no PBLA research has been conducted with BELLs. To address this gap, we interviewed 26 BELLs (n = 2 from 13 L1s) and their instructors (n = 4) about their understanding and use of PBLA. Student interviews were conducted with the assistance of bilingual interpreters in the students’ L1s. All the interviews were then transcribed and thematically analyzed in relation to PBLA’s alignment with the six dimensions in Turner and Purpura’s (2016) learning-oriented assessment framework: contextual, elicitation, proficiency, learning, instructional, interactional, and affective. Results have implications for optimizing learning, and task-based instruction and assessment practices in LINC.
一项高风险的基于投资组合的语言评估(PBLA)协议于2019年在所有加拿大新移民语言教学(LINC)项目中全面实施,该协议要求教师和学生设定语言学习目标,并完成、编写和反思许多真实的语言任务。由于与初级英语作为第二语言的读写能力学习者(bell)交流时存在语言障碍,因此尚未对bell进行PBLA研究。为了解决这一差距,我们采访了26名bell(13名l15中的n = 2名)和他们的导师(n = 4名),了解他们对PBLA的理解和使用。在学生的15年级,我们在双语口译员的协助下对学生进行了访谈。然后将所有访谈记录下来,并对PBLA与Turner和Purpura(2016)的以学习为导向的评估框架中的六个维度(语境、启发、熟练、学习、教学、互动和情感)的一致性进行主题分析。研究结果对优化学习、任务型教学和LINC评估实践具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring L2 learners' Task-related Identities in a Reading Circle Task Through Conversation Analysis 通过会话分析探讨二语学习者在阅读圈任务中的任务相关认同
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.37213/cjal.2021.31343
Hoa T. Le
Using conversation analysis as the research approach, this study explores how L2 learners utilize their task-related identities during task interactions and how those identities are used as resources for task management. Eight students in an ESL academic reading class formed two groups while they did their reading circle task for six rounds. In each round, the students took turns to be in charge of a specific role in the discussion session (i.e., discussion leader, notetaker, vocabulary definer, and contextualizer). Data was collected from all rounds and analyzed for emerging patterns. Results showed that (a) the participants used each other’s assigned identities skillfully to orient the group to the institutional goal, and (b) the participants used their own existing obligations to problematize the task interactions. By providing insights on those dynamic task-related identities, this study broadens our understanding of interactions happening at the task implementation stage and suggests pedagogical implications.
本研究以会话分析为研究方法,探讨二语学习者如何在任务互动中利用他们的任务相关身份,以及如何将这些身份用作任务管理的资源。在ESL学术阅读课上,8名学生分成两组,进行了6轮的阅读圈任务。在每一轮中,学生们轮流在讨论中扮演一个特定的角色(即,讨论领导者、记录者、词汇定义者和语境创造者)。从各个方面收集数据并分析新出现的模式。结果表明:(a)参与者巧妙地利用彼此分配的身份来引导群体走向制度目标;(b)参与者利用自己现有的义务来问题化任务互动。通过对这些动态任务相关身份的研究,本研究拓宽了我们对任务实施阶段互动的理解,并提出了教学意义。
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引用次数: 1
Students’ Transition from Secondary School French Programs into University Level French Immersion 学生从中学法语课程过渡到大学水平的法语浸入式学习
IF 0.5 Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.37213/CJAL.2021.29533
Jérémie Séror, A. Weinberg
A great deal of time and resources are invested throughout Canada to encourage students to learn French as a second official language through a variety of programs (core French, intensive French, and French immersion programs). Little is known, however, about the impact of these efforts once French language learners complete their high school studies. This paper reports on longitudinal qualitative case studies of two students registered within a Canadian university-level immersion stream. Drawing on an academic discourse socialization approach, the paper examines students’ perspectives of their literacy development as they transition from high school French language programs to a universitylevel immersion program designed to promote advanced levels of bilingualism. Findings stress how the experience of transitioning from French high school programs to university immersion challenges students’ perception of themselves as French learners and their notion of the legitimacy of their high school French experiences.
加拿大投入了大量的时间和资源,鼓励学生通过各种课程(核心法语、强化法语和法语浸入式课程)学习法语作为第二官方语言。然而,当法语学习者完成高中学业后,这些努力的影响却鲜为人知。本文报告了纵向定性案例研究的两个学生注册在加拿大大学水平的沉浸流。利用学术话语社会化方法,本文考察了学生从高中法语课程过渡到旨在促进高级双语水平的大学水平沉浸式课程时的读写能力发展观点。研究结果强调,从法语高中课程过渡到大学沉浸式学习的经历如何挑战了学生对自己作为法语学习者的看法,以及他们对高中法语经历合法性的看法。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics
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