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Design of a Narrowband Filter for Implementing the Undersamping Method in Terahertz Time-Domain Spectrometers 实现太赫兹时域光谱仪欠采样方法的窄带滤波器设计
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2022-17-1-78-92
A. Rybak, S. Kuznetsov, A. V. Arzhannikov, N. Nikolaev
In this paper, we propose a design of a narrow-band quasi-optical filter with a central frequency ν = 806 GHz (λ = 372 μm) suitable for the implementation of the undersampling technique in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The frequency was chosen to monitor the absorption line of the molecular gas CO in the local transparency window of the atmosphere. The filter is designed as the Fabry-Perot etalon based on a polypropylene film with frequencyselective surfaces (FFS) on both sides consisting of square slots in a sprayed aluminum layer. Through numerical simulation of the transmission of the proposed structure, we defined that the optimum ratio of the width of the metal bridge a to the pitch g of the FSS lies in the vicinity of a/g = 0.5. For g less than half of the operating wavelength λ, the FWHM of the filter is less than 4%, which is sufficient for the implementation of the undersampling method in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy.
本文设计了一种中心频率为ν = 806 GHz (λ = 372 μm)的窄带准光学滤波器,适用于太赫兹时域光谱欠采样技术的实现。选取该频率监测大气局部透明窗口内分子气体CO的吸收谱线。该过滤器被设计为基于聚丙烯膜的法布里-珀罗标准子,其两侧有频率选择表面(FFS),由喷涂铝层中的方形槽组成。通过对所提出结构的传输进行数值模拟,我们确定了金属桥的宽度a与FSS的节距g的最佳比值在a/g = 0.5附近。当g小于工作波长λ的一半时,滤波器的频宽比小于4%,足以实现太赫兹时域光谱中的欠采样方法。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Parameters of Laser Cladding of the Powder Based on Nickel-Aluminium System 基于镍铝体系的粉末激光熔覆工艺参数优化
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2022-17-1-65-77
M. Gulov
In this work, the parameters of laser cladding were optimized to obtain a high-quality single track. Nickel aluminide powder (Ni3Al) – PN85Yu15 was used as the surfacing material. 60 samples were obtained, deposited at various pa rameters of power, scanning speed, position of the focus of the laser beam relative to the surface of the powder layer. The geometric characteristics of the obtained single tracks were measured, graphs of their dependence on the scanning speed were plotted. It was found that the sizes of single tracks decrease with increasing speed. An increase in the power of laser radiation leads to an increase in width and height of the track, as well as the depth of penetration of the substrate. The dependence of the geometric characteristics of the tracks on the temperature of the melting pool has been investigated. The microhardness of the obtained samples was also measured, and a weakly expressed dependence of the microhardness on the laser scanning speed was found. It was found that the microhardness of the obtained samples correlates with the amount of energy imparted to the powder layer and the temperature of the melting pool. It was also found that the set of experimental data is described in generalized spatial and energy coordinates by a linear dependence.
为了获得高质量的单轨,对激光熔覆参数进行了优化。采用镍铝化物粉末(Ni3Al) - PN85Yu15作为堆焊材料。在不同的功率、扫描速度、激光束焦点相对于粉末层表面的位置等参数下,制备了60个样品。测量了得到的单线迹的几何特性,绘制了它们与扫描速度的关系曲线。结果表明,单轨尺寸随速度的增加而减小。激光辐射功率的增加导致轨迹的宽度和高度的增加,以及基片的穿透深度的增加。研究了熔池温度对轨迹几何特征的影响。测量了所得样品的显微硬度,发现显微硬度对激光扫描速度的依赖性较弱。结果表明,所得样品的显微硬度与粉末层的能量传递量和熔池温度有关。实验数据集在广义空间坐标和能量坐标中具有线性关系。
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引用次数: 0
Flow of Ethanol into a Medium with Varying Degrees of Rarefaction 乙醇在不同稀薄度介质中的流动
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2022-17-1-47-64
A. S. Yaskin, A. Zarvin, V. Kalyada, K. Dubrovin, V. E. Khudozhitkov
Experimental results of observation of ethanol microjets flowing into a highly rarefied medium (vacuum) through a nozzle are presented. The investigation of the outflow process was carried out both horizontally and vertically in the direction of gravity, when the liquid was expelled from the source. The condition of keeping constant the residual background pressure in the vacuum chamber is much lower than the saturated vapour pressure of the working liquid at a given temperature of the blast. The possibility of simulation of complex processes of the flow of micro-liquids in a space with a given rarefied atmosphere on a compact vacuum gas-dynamic test bench is shown. It is found that the continuous efflux from a thin capillary or a hole of small diameter into a vacuum or a strongly rarefied gaseous medium differs significantly from the well-studied modes of efflux into a dense gaseous medium, as well as from the pulse modes of efflux into a vacuum. The paper describes the main features of the flow and the conditions of the instability emergence. It is shown that the long-term flow of a liquid microjet in a vacuum has a high degree of surface instability, with a large number of sudden changes in direction, structure and observed density. An explanation for the causes of microjet failure, caused mainly by a combination of capillary instability and intense evaporation of superheated liquid from the surface of the jet, is proposed. The formation of surface gas caverns causing explosive collapse of the microjet with ejection of vapor-liquid droplets is established.
本文介绍了乙醇微射流通过喷嘴进入高稀薄介质(真空)的实验结果。对液体从源处排出时,沿重力方向进行了水平方向和垂直方向的流出过程研究。真空室中残余本底压力保持恒定的条件远低于给定爆炸温度下工作液的饱和蒸汽压力。给出了在小型真空气动力试验台上模拟给定稀薄气氛空间中微液体复杂流动过程的可能性。研究发现,从细毛管或直径较小的孔进入真空或强稀薄气体介质的连续射流,与已得到充分研究的进入致密气体介质的射流模式以及进入真空的脉冲射流模式有很大的不同。本文介绍了流场的主要特征和失稳发生的条件。结果表明,液体微射流在真空中的长期流动具有高度的表面不稳定性,在方向、结构和观测密度上存在大量的突变。对微射流失效的原因进行了解释,主要是毛细管不稳定和射流表面过热液体的强烈蒸发共同造成的。建立了气液滴喷射引起微射流爆炸坍塌的表面气穴的形成过程。
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引用次数: 0
The High Voltage Source for the ELV-15 Accelerator ELV-15加速器的高压源
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2022-17-1-23-33
N. Kuksanov, D. Vorobev, R. Salimov, S. Fadeev
The article describes modelling of the high voltage source of the ELV-15 accelerator. The electromagnetic parameters of the rectifier, the magnet filed distribution, the parameters of primary and secondary winding are considered. Ripples and stability of the accelerating voltage are evaluated. The strength of the electric field in the source is considered.
本文介绍了ELV-15加速器高压源的建模。考虑了整流器的电磁参数、磁场分布、一次绕组和二次绕组的参数。评估了加速电压的波纹和稳定性。考虑了源内电场的强度。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of Transverse Instability of a High-Current Relativistic Electron Beam in a Linear Induction Accelerator 直线感应加速器中大电流相对论电子束横向不稳定性的研究
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2022-17-1-5-22
E. Sandalov, S. Sinitsky, D. I. Skovorodin, D. Nikiforov, P. Logachev, P. Bak, K. Zhivankov, E. Kenzhebulatov, A. Petrenko, O. Nikitin, A. Akhmetov, R. V. Protas, S. Khrenkov, I. A. Zhuravlev, I. V. Penzin, A. Don
The article presents the results of studies on the transverse instability of a high-current relativistic electron beam developing in a linear induction accelerator LIA for 5 MeV electron energy, which is created at the BINP SB RAS together with RFNC VNIITF. These results were obtained using a software package that makes it possible to simulate the dynamics of the instability development, as well as to calculate the increment of this instability averaged over the accelerator length. The package consists of four main parts. The first of them, made on the base of a three-dimensional model of the accelerating module electrodynamic system of the LIA, allows calculating the main characteristics of electromagnetic dipole modes of such a module, the second and third parts are designed to find three-dimensional accelerating electric and focusing magnetic fields, respectively. In the last part of the package, a system of ordinary differential equations is solved that describes both the motion of beam macroparticles in electric and magnetic fields, including the eigenmode fields, and the excitation of the mode fields by the electron beam. The adequacy of the physical models used in the software package was tested by comparing the spectra of field oscillations in the accelerator modules obtained in calculations and recorded in the experiment. On the base of the data obtained, the main regularities of the transverse beam instability development in the frequency range ∆f = 0.3–1.1 GHz were revealed, and possible methods for suppressing this instability in the LIA were proposed.
本文介绍了在BINP SB RAS与RFNC VNIITF共同创建的5 MeV电子能量的线性感应加速器LIA中形成的大电流相对论电子束横向不稳定性的研究结果。这些结果是通过一个软件包获得的,该软件包可以模拟不稳定性发展的动力学,并计算该不稳定性随加速器长度的平均增量。该方案由四个主要部分组成。第一部分是在建立LIA加速模块电动力系统三维模型的基础上,计算出该模块电磁偶极子模式的主要特性,第二部分和第三部分分别用于寻找三维加速电场和聚焦磁场。在包的最后一部分,我们解决了一个常微分方程组,它描述了束宏观粒子在电场和磁场中的运动,包括本征模场,以及由电子束激发的模场。通过比较计算得到的和实验记录的加速器模块的场振荡谱,验证了软件包中所用物理模型的充分性。在此基础上,揭示了在∆f = 0.3 ~ 1.1 GHz频率范围内横束不稳定性发展的主要规律,并提出了在LIA中抑制这种不稳定性的可能方法。
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引用次数: 3
Investigation of Long-Term Stability of Single-Photon Quantum Key Distribution in a Polarization Coding Scheme 偏振编码方案中单光子量子密钥分配的长期稳定性研究
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2021-16-2-81-93
A. V. Kolyako, A. Pleshkov, D. Tretyakov, V. Entin, I. Ryabtsev, I. Neizvestny
Experimental results demonstrating long-term stability of the operation of our atmospheric quantum cryptography setup using the BB84 protocol and polarization coding are presented. It was shown that the “sifted” quantum key distribution rate and the quantum bit error rate in the key remained constant for 1 hour and were equal to 10 kbit/s and 6.5 %, respectively, at a distance between the transmitter and the receiver equal to 20 cm. Theoretical dependences of the secret quantum key generation rate on a quantum channel transmission coefficient for single-photon detectors, which were used in this experiment, and for new detectors with a reduced level of dark pulses are given.
实验结果证明了我们采用BB84协议和偏振编码的大气量子密码装置运行的长期稳定性。结果表明,在发送端和接收端距离为20 cm时,“筛选”后的量子密钥分发率和密钥中的量子误码率在1小时内保持不变,分别为10 kbit/s和6.5%。给出了实验中使用的单光子探测器和暗脉冲降低的新型探测器的量子通道传输系数与秘密量子密钥生成速率的理论依赖关系。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Disturbances in the Supersonic Boundary Layer under Helium Injection from the Surface 表面氦注入下超音速边界层扰动的发展
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2021-16-2-41-47
V. Lysenko, B. Smorodsky, A. Kosinov
Experiments on the influence of distributed injection of helium on the development of the supersonic boundary layer unstable disturbances have been performed. It is revealed, that injection of helium in a certain range of blowing mass flow rate, leads to a certain decrease of spatial amplification rates of natural disturbances.
实验研究了氦的分布注入对超音速边界层不稳定扰动发展的影响。结果表明,在一定的吹气质量流量范围内注入氦气,会导致自然扰动的空间放大率有一定的降低。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of an Electric Field on an Optical Breakdown in the Air Stream 电场对气流中光学击穿的影响
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2021-16-2-48-58
V. Zudov, A. Tupikin
Experimental data on the effect of an electric field on the plasma of an optical discharge in an air flow have been obtained. Two configurations of an external electric field under the action of an optical discharge on the plasma are considered. To create an electric field, flat (the field along the beam and across the flow) and ring electrodes (the field across the laser beam and along the flow) were used. It was found that there are two modes of combined discharge (optical and electrical). When the field was created symmetrically with respect to the flow axis, an electrical breakdown was observed from the nozzle exit (positively charged electrode) to the focusing point of the laser beam, while no streamers were observed in the optical discharge wake. In another case, an electric discharge is realized between flat electrodes simultaneously with optical breakdown. In a field of constant strength above 3 kV/cm, the presence of an optical discharge plasma promoted electrical breakdown of the medium. In this case, the parameters of the electrical breakdown depended on the shape of the electrodes, the polarity of the applied voltage, and the air flow rate.
本文获得了气流中电场对光放电等离子体影响的实验数据。考虑了等离子体在光放电作用下的两种外电场结构。为了产生电场,使用了平电极(沿着激光束和气流方向的电场)和环形电极(穿过激光束和气流方向的电场)。发现有两种组合放电模式(光和电)。当电场相对于流轴对称产生时,从喷嘴出口(带正电的电极)到激光束的聚焦点观察到电击穿,而在光放电尾迹中没有观察到飘流。在另一种情况下,在光击穿的同时在平面电极之间实现放电。在大于3kv /cm的恒定强度场中,光放电等离子体的存在促进了介质的电击穿。在这种情况下,电击穿的参数取决于电极的形状、施加电压的极性和空气流速。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Flow around a Trapezoidal Model of a Small-Sized UAV into Turbulent Wake 小型无人机进入湍流尾迹的梯形模型绕流研究
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2021-16-2-14-28
A. Pavlenko, A. V. Bykov, B. Zanin, M. Katasonov
Investigations of the structure of the flow near the surface of a trapezoidal model of a small unmanned aerial vehicle were carried out when it enters a narrow turbulent wake. All experimental data were obtained in a wind tunnel at subsonic flow velocities. A feature of the work was that the study of the flow around the model was carried out at full-scale (flight) Reynolds numbers. Using the soot-oily visualization method, data on the features of the flow around the model were obtained, taking into account such factors as the angle of attack, the presence and absence of a source of external disturbances that generated a turbulent wake. The experiments were carried out in two flow regimes: at a zero angle of attack, when there are local separation bubbles on the wing, and at a large (supercritical) angle of attack of 18 degrees, when there is a global stall of the flow from the leading edge. It was shown that the turbulent wake has a significant effect on the nature of the flow near the model surface in both cases. Local separation bubbles gradually decrease in size with a decrease in the distance between the sources of disturbances and the wing. Large-scale vortices significantly decrease in geometrical dimensions and shift towards the side edges in the event of a global stall of the flow, thereby increasing the region of the attached flow on the model surface.
研究了小型无人机梯形模型进入狭窄湍流尾流时的表面流场结构。所有的实验数据都是在亚音速下的风洞中获得的。这项工作的一个特点是,模型周围的流动研究是在全尺寸(飞行)雷诺数下进行的。使用油烟可视化方法,考虑到迎角、产生湍流尾迹的外部干扰源的存在和不存在等因素,获得了模型周围流动特征的数据。实验是在两种流动状态下进行的:零迎角时,机翼上有局部分离气泡,以及18度的大(超临界)迎角时,从前缘开始的流动存在全局失速。结果表明,在两种情况下,湍流尾迹对模型表面附近的流动性质都有显著的影响。局部分离泡的大小随着扰动源与机翼之间距离的减小而逐渐减小。当气流全局失速时,大尺度涡的几何尺寸显著减小,并向侧边移动,从而增加了模型表面附着流的面积。
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引用次数: 2
Specific Features of Flow on Compression Surfaces of a Convergent Air Intake 收敛式进气口压缩面流动特性研究
IF 0.4 Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.25205/2541-9447-2021-16-2-29-40
S. A. Akinin, A. Starov
The results of computational and experimental studies of a model of a hypersonic convergent air intake are presented. Experimental studies were carried out in a hot-shot wind tunnel IT-302M SB RAS at a Mach number M = 5.7 and an angle of attack α = 4 °. Numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional setting in the ANSYS Fluent software package. The calculations were carried out in 4 versions using different turbulence models: k-ɛ standard, RNG k-ɛ, k-ɷ standard and k-ɷ SST. The features of the flow structure are established. The pressure distributions on the compression surfaces and in the air intake channel are obtained. The separated flow at the entrance of the inner channel was studied. It was found that the use of various turbulence models has a significant effect on the size and position of separation. The best agreement between the calculated and experimental data on the level of static pressure was shown by the variant with the k-ɛ standard turbulence model.
介绍了一种高超声速收敛进气模型的计算和实验研究结果。在马赫数M = 5.7、迎角α = 4°的热射风洞IT-302M SB RAS上进行了实验研究。在ANSYS Fluent软件包中进行三维设置下的数值模拟。使用不同的湍流模型进行了4个版本的计算:k- β标准,RNG k- β, k- 标准和k- SST。建立了流动结构的特征。得到了压缩面和进气通道内的压力分布。对内通道入口分离流进行了研究。研究发现,不同湍流模型的使用对分离的大小和位置有显著的影响。用k- ε标准湍流模型计算得到的静压水平值与实验值最吻合。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Siberian Federal University-Mathematics & Physics
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