Abstract This study aims to examine the motivational factors that direct individuals to computer games in the process of evaluating leisure activities. The study is designed in descriptive and relational survey models, which are among the quantitative research patterns. A total of 1677 individuals participated in the study. A personal information form and the Computer Gaming Motivation Scale were used. An independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. According to the results, there were significant differences in the concentration, entertainment, escape, learning, and socialization sub-dimensions of the participants in favor of the groups playing in Internet cafes. The findings indicate that when more time is spent with information and communication technologies, there is a decrease in concentration and an increase in entertainment and escape. Furthermore, when the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale was examined, positively moderate and high correlations were found among concentration, entertainment, escape, learning, and socialization. As a result, rapid technological changes and developments provide many opportunities for individuals. It is thought that individuals’ busy work lives and monotonous daily routines cause them to prefer easily accessible activities during their leisure time.
{"title":"Factors directing individuals to computer games in the process of evaluating recreational activities","authors":"Kadir Yıldız, P. Güzel, M. Esentaş","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to examine the motivational factors that direct individuals to computer games in the process of evaluating leisure activities. The study is designed in descriptive and relational survey models, which are among the quantitative research patterns. A total of 1677 individuals participated in the study. A personal information form and the Computer Gaming Motivation Scale were used. An independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze the data. According to the results, there were significant differences in the concentration, entertainment, escape, learning, and socialization sub-dimensions of the participants in favor of the groups playing in Internet cafes. The findings indicate that when more time is spent with information and communication technologies, there is a decrease in concentration and an increase in entertainment and escape. Furthermore, when the relationship between the sub-dimensions of the scale was examined, positively moderate and high correlations were found among concentration, entertainment, escape, learning, and socialization. As a result, rapid technological changes and developments provide many opportunities for individuals. It is thought that individuals’ busy work lives and monotonous daily routines cause them to prefer easily accessible activities during their leisure time.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88062865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of this study was to ascertain whether happiness varies depending on sports participation and religious practice. The sample comprised 2,378 participants aged between 18 and 92 years. All analysis were carried out by testing the interaction effects of the variables of sex and age on sports participation, religious practice, and happiness. We found a high average level of happiness (M = 7.299, range 0–10). However, people who do not participate in sports or practice a religion indicated a level of happiness (M = 6.979) that was statistically lower than that of the other groups: people who practice a religion but do not participate in sports (M = 7.135); people who participate in sports but do not practice a religion (M = 7.478); and people who both participate in sports and practice a religion (M = 7.717). We conclude that happiness is associated with sports participation and religious practice, although with small or very small effect sizes (all p< 0.050; η2p between 0.008 and 0.020).
{"title":"Participating in sports and practicing a religion are related to levels of happiness","authors":"C. M. Tejero-González","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to ascertain whether happiness varies depending on sports participation and religious practice. The sample comprised 2,378 participants aged between 18 and 92 years. All analysis were carried out by testing the interaction effects of the variables of sex and age on sports participation, religious practice, and happiness. We found a high average level of happiness (M = 7.299, range 0–10). However, people who do not participate in sports or practice a religion indicated a level of happiness (M = 6.979) that was statistically lower than that of the other groups: people who practice a religion but do not participate in sports (M = 7.135); people who participate in sports but do not practice a religion (M = 7.478); and people who both participate in sports and practice a religion (M = 7.717). We conclude that happiness is associated with sports participation and religious practice, although with small or very small effect sizes (all p< 0.050; η2p between 0.008 and 0.020).","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73990393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyse the position of sport as a quality of the life domain (QOLD) in subjective quality of life (S-QOL) in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) people with different sport participation level. Three groups of D/HH people (n=164) were recruited for the study: elite and competitive athletes (ECA; n=30; mean age 22.2±1.8 years), recreational athletes (RA; n=22; mean age 25.2±2.0 years) and non-athletes (NA; n=112; mean age 26.8±1.9 years). D/HH ECA are the most satisfied in their lives equally with their sport participation, social relations, physical health and the level of independence together with general health. D/HH RA reported the highest satisfaction with sport participation, social relations and with physical health and the level of independence. Position of sport is in ECA and RA lives is the priority number one as well as the satisfaction with other QOLDs as social relations, physical health and level of independence. The position of sport participation in D/HH NA among the QOLDs was interestingly in the second place in the order together with physical health and level of independence domain. Inclusive participation in sport from the earliest age of D/HH children together with able-bodied peers should help better understand mutual communication. Than D/HH people would remain in regular sport participation in later life and so S-QOL among D/HH minority population would be significantly increased.
{"title":"Position of sport in subjective quality of life of deaf people with different sport participation level","authors":"Dagmar Nemček, Olympia Mókušová","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyse the position of sport as a quality of the life domain (QOLD) in subjective quality of life (S-QOL) in deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) people with different sport participation level. Three groups of D/HH people (n=164) were recruited for the study: elite and competitive athletes (ECA; n=30; mean age 22.2±1.8 years), recreational athletes (RA; n=22; mean age 25.2±2.0 years) and non-athletes (NA; n=112; mean age 26.8±1.9 years). D/HH ECA are the most satisfied in their lives equally with their sport participation, social relations, physical health and the level of independence together with general health. D/HH RA reported the highest satisfaction with sport participation, social relations and with physical health and the level of independence. Position of sport is in ECA and RA lives is the priority number one as well as the satisfaction with other QOLDs as social relations, physical health and level of independence. The position of sport participation in D/HH NA among the QOLDs was interestingly in the second place in the order together with physical health and level of independence domain. Inclusive participation in sport from the earliest age of D/HH children together with able-bodied peers should help better understand mutual communication. Than D/HH people would remain in regular sport participation in later life and so S-QOL among D/HH minority population would be significantly increased.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83451255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Presented paper contains looks which mainly attempt to analyse the promotion in sport by social media and brand image management on the example of „Connected by football” channel. Research process required usage of diagnostic survey method. Exploration shows that social media has contributed to popularisation and improved the image of the Polish National Football Team. Respondents’ opinions about the formula of the „Connected by football” channel. The reasons and motives for the interest of the „Connected by football” channel are mainly involved with sports activities and the team’s life outside of trainings and matches. Survey shows that half of the respondents changed their mind about the players after watching the video materials and due to this fact the emotional bond between players and supporters increase. The research presents that „Connected by football” channel played a significant role in Polish National Football Team image’s building.
{"title":"The impact of social media on managing the image of the Polish national football team","authors":"Bańbuła Joanna, Kasperek Zuzanna","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Presented paper contains looks which mainly attempt to analyse the promotion in sport by social media and brand image management on the example of „Connected by football” channel. Research process required usage of diagnostic survey method. Exploration shows that social media has contributed to popularisation and improved the image of the Polish National Football Team. Respondents’ opinions about the formula of the „Connected by football” channel. The reasons and motives for the interest of the „Connected by football” channel are mainly involved with sports activities and the team’s life outside of trainings and matches. Survey shows that half of the respondents changed their mind about the players after watching the video materials and due to this fact the emotional bond between players and supporters increase. The research presents that „Connected by football” channel played a significant role in Polish National Football Team image’s building.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79451491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper focuses on personal statements written by 23 Year 11 students about what outdoor recreational activities they participated in and their sense of cultural identity in the culturally plural context of Australia.. A sociological approach of inductive analysis of their comments was employed to investigate the extent to which those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. The respondents came from six Adelaide co-educational secondary schools which agreed to participate in the study. The responses given to the guideline questions provided evidence of participation in twelve different outdoor recreational activities, some involving individual pursuits and others group activities. Twelve students identified themselves as ‘mainstream Australian’, while eight claimed identities linked to other European and Asian cultural groups and three reported no sense of cultural identification. The evidence from this exploratory study was that those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. However, they were more likely to be involved in individual rather than group activities. Furthermore they preferred land-based activities to those requiring water skills. The paper discusses the significance of the findings, implications for making future initiatives and policies in outdoor recreational activities more inclusive, as well as directions for further research.
{"title":"Participation in outdoor recreational activities and cultural identity in Australia: An exploratory qualitative study","authors":"V. Maniam, R. Brown","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on personal statements written by 23 Year 11 students about what outdoor recreational activities they participated in and their sense of cultural identity in the culturally plural context of Australia.. A sociological approach of inductive analysis of their comments was employed to investigate the extent to which those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. The respondents came from six Adelaide co-educational secondary schools which agreed to participate in the study. The responses given to the guideline questions provided evidence of participation in twelve different outdoor recreational activities, some involving individual pursuits and others group activities. Twelve students identified themselves as ‘mainstream Australian’, while eight claimed identities linked to other European and Asian cultural groups and three reported no sense of cultural identification. The evidence from this exploratory study was that those of culturally diverse identities were actually participating in outdoor recreational activities. However, they were more likely to be involved in individual rather than group activities. Furthermore they preferred land-based activities to those requiring water skills. The paper discusses the significance of the findings, implications for making future initiatives and policies in outdoor recreational activities more inclusive, as well as directions for further research.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83379856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article presents differences in describing sportspeople during the last four Olympic Games in terms of gender and nationality in Polish newspapers. The fundamental goal of the research was to perform the quantitative and qualitative comparison of press materials from four Olympics (Vancouver 2010, London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016). The content analysis was used for the quantitative part of the study and critical discourse analysis of two newspapers (the broadsheet and tabloid) in Poland for qualitative part. 712 media articles were analyzed. Our analysis has revealed significant underrepresentation of women and also differences in the description of rival competitors as well as overrepresentation of articles about Polish representatives during the Olympics. Those articles dwelt on the issue of nationality much more often and were more emotionally charged. Also, to a great extent, the performance of non-Polish women athletes was left unconsidered. The authors therefore indicate the validity of combining gender analysis and nationality in the context of the Olympic Games.
{"title":"“Our ladies” versus “our dominators”: Gender differences and nationalist discourse in the Polish Olympic coverage","authors":"Natalia Organista, Z. Mazur, T. Dóczi","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents differences in describing sportspeople during the last four Olympic Games in terms of gender and nationality in Polish newspapers. The fundamental goal of the research was to perform the quantitative and qualitative comparison of press materials from four Olympics (Vancouver 2010, London 2012, Sochi 2014, Rio de Janeiro 2016). The content analysis was used for the quantitative part of the study and critical discourse analysis of two newspapers (the broadsheet and tabloid) in Poland for qualitative part. 712 media articles were analyzed. Our analysis has revealed significant underrepresentation of women and also differences in the description of rival competitors as well as overrepresentation of articles about Polish representatives during the Olympics. Those articles dwelt on the issue of nationality much more often and were more emotionally charged. Also, to a great extent, the performance of non-Polish women athletes was left unconsidered. The authors therefore indicate the validity of combining gender analysis and nationality in the context of the Olympic Games.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90796174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Afrouzeh, Ferman Konukman, Maryam Lotfinejad, M. Afroozeh
Abstract Feedback has been shown to influence the extent and rate of learning. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Knowledge of Results (KR) on more accurate trials versus KR on less accurate trials on intrinsic motivation, self-confidence and anxiety changes. Participants were 60 female students with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 0.4). Participants practiced volleyball serve task in 4 session (each session included 6 blocks and each block included 6 trials) that subjects received feedback on 3 trials out of 6 trials at the completion of each 6-trial block. While one group was provided KR about the accuracy of the 3 best serves in each block, another group was given KR about the 3 poorest serves. Participants completed the intrinsic motivation inventory and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) twice as pre-test and post-test. Both groups increased their service scores across practice blocks. On the retention test without KR, which was performed seven day after the practice phase, the more accurate trials group had higher accuracy scores than the less accurate trials group. The present findings demonstrated that feedback after relatively accurate as opposed to inaccurate trials enhanced learner’s perceived competence whereas KR on less accurate trials decreased. In addition, results demonstrated that feedback after relatively accurate as opposed to inaccurate trials enhanced learner’s perceived competence whereas KR on less accurate trials decreased.
研究表明，反馈会影响学习的程度和速度。本研究的目的是探讨结果知识(Knowledge of Results, KR)在更准确的试验中与在不准确的试验中对内在动机、自信和焦虑变化的影响。参与者为60名平均年龄为16岁的女学生(SD = 0.4)。被试分4个阶段进行排球发球任务练习(每个阶段包括6个block，每个block包括6个trial)，在每个6个trial block结束时，被试从6个trial中获得3个trial的反馈。其中一组被告知每个发球区的3个最佳发球的准确性，另一组被告知3个最差发球的准确性。参与者分别完成了内在动机量表和竞争状态焦虑量表-2 (CSAI-2)的前测和后测。两组的发球得分都有所提高。在练习阶段结束后第7天进行的不含KR的记忆测试中，准确度较高的试验组的准确度得分高于准确度较低的试验组。本研究结果表明，相对于不准确的实验，相对准确的实验后的反馈提高了学习者的感知能力，而不准确的实验后的反馈则降低了学习者的感知能力。此外，研究结果表明，相对于不准确的实验，相对准确的实验后的反馈提高了学习者的感知能力，而不准确的实验后的反馈则降低了学习者的感知能力。
{"title":"Effects of knowledge of results feedback on more accurate versus less accurate trials on intrinsic motivation, self-confidence and anxiety in volleyball serve","authors":"M. Afrouzeh, Ferman Konukman, Maryam Lotfinejad, M. Afroozeh","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Feedback has been shown to influence the extent and rate of learning. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Knowledge of Results (KR) on more accurate trials versus KR on less accurate trials on intrinsic motivation, self-confidence and anxiety changes. Participants were 60 female students with a mean age of 16 years (SD = 0.4). Participants practiced volleyball serve task in 4 session (each session included 6 blocks and each block included 6 trials) that subjects received feedback on 3 trials out of 6 trials at the completion of each 6-trial block. While one group was provided KR about the accuracy of the 3 best serves in each block, another group was given KR about the 3 poorest serves. Participants completed the intrinsic motivation inventory and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) twice as pre-test and post-test. Both groups increased their service scores across practice blocks. On the retention test without KR, which was performed seven day after the practice phase, the more accurate trials group had higher accuracy scores than the less accurate trials group. The present findings demonstrated that feedback after relatively accurate as opposed to inaccurate trials enhanced learner’s perceived competence whereas KR on less accurate trials decreased. In addition, results demonstrated that feedback after relatively accurate as opposed to inaccurate trials enhanced learner’s perceived competence whereas KR on less accurate trials decreased.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76155744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over the last 20 years, sport for development (SFD) has become an increasingly used tool to tackle education-related challenges around the world and has even become recognized by major international institutions such as the United Nations and the Commonwealth. In spite of this, evidence on the effectiveness of SFD programs on educational outcomes is limited. Through a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), this paper seeks to begin addressing this gap. Literature is included if it quantitatively examines the relationship between participation in a SFD program and educational outcomes, namely academic performance, school attendance, or attitudes and behaviors related to school. Results are then organized and presented according to these aforementioned areas. The identified literature paints a mixed picture of SFD’s impact on educational outcomes related to academic performance and school attendance, though the data related to improved attitude and behavior is more positive. Overall, the lack of research on this topic and the deficiencies in some of the identified studies do not allow for the conclusion that SFD generates positive education-related outcomes. This paper concludes by proposing potential solutions to address this gap in research.
{"title":"Can sport for development programs improve educational outcomes? A rapid evidence assessment","authors":"Louis Moustakas","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last 20 years, sport for development (SFD) has become an increasingly used tool to tackle education-related challenges around the world and has even become recognized by major international institutions such as the United Nations and the Commonwealth. In spite of this, evidence on the effectiveness of SFD programs on educational outcomes is limited. Through a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA), this paper seeks to begin addressing this gap. Literature is included if it quantitatively examines the relationship between participation in a SFD program and educational outcomes, namely academic performance, school attendance, or attitudes and behaviors related to school. Results are then organized and presented according to these aforementioned areas. The identified literature paints a mixed picture of SFD’s impact on educational outcomes related to academic performance and school attendance, though the data related to improved attitude and behavior is more positive. Overall, the lack of research on this topic and the deficiencies in some of the identified studies do not allow for the conclusion that SFD generates positive education-related outcomes. This paper concludes by proposing potential solutions to address this gap in research.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89744340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Ziaee, N. Aghaei, Marjan Saffari, R. Y. Zenouz, I. van Hilvoorde
Abstract Physical activity can contribute to societal health and prevent antisocial behaviors. This study explored the driving forces facilitating these goals in Iran’s socio-cultural context. Through a literature review, investigation of available political documents, interviews with experts and consensus of the research team, seventy-three driving forces were explored from different domains and then categorised via the STEEPV framework. This framework considers drivers from Social, Technological, Environmental, Economic, Political, and Value/Cultural dimensions. The “sport/sport sciences” domain was also considered as an additional domain. In the next step, a questionnaire with an answer scale of 1 to 7 was distributed among experts. The fuzzy Delphi method was used to analyse the collected data. Results showed eighteen drivers from five domains (social, environmental, economic, technological and sport/sports sciences) dramatically influenced leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in Iran. “Physical activity opportunities for vulnerable groups” was identified as the most important driver for participation in LTPA. Results suggest the need for a multidimensional and thorough consideration by organisations, leisure managers and policymakers to discover methods to promote health-related physical activities in the future.
{"title":"Future Drivers of Leisure Time Physical Activity in Iran","authors":"Ali Ziaee, N. Aghaei, Marjan Saffari, R. Y. Zenouz, I. van Hilvoorde","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physical activity can contribute to societal health and prevent antisocial behaviors. This study explored the driving forces facilitating these goals in Iran’s socio-cultural context. Through a literature review, investigation of available political documents, interviews with experts and consensus of the research team, seventy-three driving forces were explored from different domains and then categorised via the STEEPV framework. This framework considers drivers from Social, Technological, Environmental, Economic, Political, and Value/Cultural dimensions. The “sport/sport sciences” domain was also considered as an additional domain. In the next step, a questionnaire with an answer scale of 1 to 7 was distributed among experts. The fuzzy Delphi method was used to analyse the collected data. Results showed eighteen drivers from five domains (social, environmental, economic, technological and sport/sports sciences) dramatically influenced leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in Iran. “Physical activity opportunities for vulnerable groups” was identified as the most important driver for participation in LTPA. Results suggest the need for a multidimensional and thorough consideration by organisations, leisure managers and policymakers to discover methods to promote health-related physical activities in the future.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78697880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation of technology, organizational culture and emotional intelligence with knowledge management using the mediators of organizational structure and empowerment. The methodology of the research was descriptive-correlational and the population of the study consisted of all the physical education instructors of Zanjan universities with three-year teaching record (61 people). The population size using the census sample criterion. Research tool included Stankosky and Baldanza’s technology, organizational culture and structure, Bar-On’s emotional intelligence inventory, Spreitzer and Mishra’s empowerment, Kordnaij et al. and Newman and Conrad’s knowledge management framework questionnaires. The structural equation modelling was used via Smart PLS 2 software for analyzing the data. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relation between technology and knowledge management. Also, there is significant relation between organizational culture and knowledge management, emotional intelligence and knowledge management, technology and organizational structure, organizational culture and organizational structure, technology and empowerment, organizational culture and empowerment, organizational structure and empowerment and empowerment and knowledge management; while the significance of relations between organizational structure and knowledge management and emotional intelligence and empowerment were not confirmed. The results of the present study can help the people in charge of education and research in the universities in order to produce, keep and use the needed knowledge related to proper time and place by making decisions and educating people.
{"title":"The Effective Factors on Knowledge Management in Universities from Physical Education Instructors’ Viewpoints","authors":"S. Shafiee, Mojtaba Eskandaripour, Samira Soltani","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation of technology, organizational culture and emotional intelligence with knowledge management using the mediators of organizational structure and empowerment. The methodology of the research was descriptive-correlational and the population of the study consisted of all the physical education instructors of Zanjan universities with three-year teaching record (61 people). The population size using the census sample criterion. Research tool included Stankosky and Baldanza’s technology, organizational culture and structure, Bar-On’s emotional intelligence inventory, Spreitzer and Mishra’s empowerment, Kordnaij et al. and Newman and Conrad’s knowledge management framework questionnaires. The structural equation modelling was used via Smart PLS 2 software for analyzing the data. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relation between technology and knowledge management. Also, there is significant relation between organizational culture and knowledge management, emotional intelligence and knowledge management, technology and organizational structure, organizational culture and organizational structure, technology and empowerment, organizational culture and empowerment, organizational structure and empowerment and empowerment and knowledge management; while the significance of relations between organizational structure and knowledge management and emotional intelligence and empowerment were not confirmed. The results of the present study can help the people in charge of education and research in the universities in order to produce, keep and use the needed knowledge related to proper time and place by making decisions and educating people.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86719539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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