Hamidreza Mirsafian, M. Mirsoleimani, M. Afshari, E. Akhavan
Abstract The aim of this study was to measure the effects of educational intervention on sports law concepts on coaches’ attitude, knowledge, and behavior. The method of the study was quasi-experimental, including two groups, pretest and posttest stages, and a follow-up study. A total of 50 coaches from Eghlid in Fars Province, Iran, were selected using the convenience sampling method. They were then randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. A researcher-made educational protocol was used for educating coaches who participated in the experimental group on the concepts of sports law. Then, in order to measure the efficiency of the educational protocol, three questionnaires were employed to measure the coaches’ attitudes and their knowledge about the concepts and regulations of sports law, as well as their behavior related to the principles and regulations of sports law at sports clubs. The covariance analyzing test and ANOVA with repeated measures were employed to analyze the data provided by the study’s instruments. The results indicated that the educational intervention of this study positively changed the attitude of the coaches in the experimental group towards the concept of sports law. In addition, the educational intervention of this study significantly improved the knowledge of coaches in the experimental group about the rules and regulations of sports law. Furthermore, the behavior of the coaches in the experimental group changed in that they began properly implementing the principles and regulations of sports law after participating in eight educational sessions. Moreover, the effects of the educational intervention in this study remained for three months following the completion of the intervention.
{"title":"Effect of Educational Intervention on Sports Law Concepts on the Attitude, Knowledge, and Behavior of Coaches","authors":"Hamidreza Mirsafian, M. Mirsoleimani, M. Afshari, E. Akhavan","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to measure the effects of educational intervention on sports law concepts on coaches’ attitude, knowledge, and behavior. The method of the study was quasi-experimental, including two groups, pretest and posttest stages, and a follow-up study. A total of 50 coaches from Eghlid in Fars Province, Iran, were selected using the convenience sampling method. They were then randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. A researcher-made educational protocol was used for educating coaches who participated in the experimental group on the concepts of sports law. Then, in order to measure the efficiency of the educational protocol, three questionnaires were employed to measure the coaches’ attitudes and their knowledge about the concepts and regulations of sports law, as well as their behavior related to the principles and regulations of sports law at sports clubs. The covariance analyzing test and ANOVA with repeated measures were employed to analyze the data provided by the study’s instruments. The results indicated that the educational intervention of this study positively changed the attitude of the coaches in the experimental group towards the concept of sports law. In addition, the educational intervention of this study significantly improved the knowledge of coaches in the experimental group about the rules and regulations of sports law. Furthermore, the behavior of the coaches in the experimental group changed in that they began properly implementing the principles and regulations of sports law after participating in eight educational sessions. Moreover, the effects of the educational intervention in this study remained for three months following the completion of the intervention.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83402182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jackeline Colere, Yasmin Vicente Vieira, Doralice Lange de Souza
Abstract This qualitative and exploratory study aimed to investigate whether contact with media content related to the Paralympic Games (PG) could affect the perception of disability held by children with disabilities (CWD) and their families. The research featured 12 CWD not involved in sports and 13 of their relatives. It consisted of two sessions, one before and another after participants viewed two videos related to the PG that showed athletes and other people with disabilities (PWD) successfully playing sports and/or performing other activities. In both sections, we asked them to write the first five words that came to mind upon hearing the expression PWD. Next, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore their views on disability. We computed the words mentioned in the first dynamic and conducted an inductive reflexive thematic analysis of the interviews. Before the videos were shown, the words written most were “difficulty,” “problem,” and “limitation.” During the interviews, they focused on impairments and difficulties associated with disability. Following the videos, the most predominant written words were “overcoming” and “capacity.” Throughout the interviews, they focused more on the potential and capabilities of PWD. This study suggests that materials such as those that we used can help CWD and their families develop a more positive view of the potential and capabilities of PWD. These materials might also be used in other contexts (e.g., in schools and community education programs), especially in places where it is still rare to see PWD practicing sports and performing other activities such as those shown in the videos.
{"title":"Can the Media Discourse Surrounding the Paralympic Games Alter the Perception of Disability Held by Children With Disabilities and Their Families?","authors":"Jackeline Colere, Yasmin Vicente Vieira, Doralice Lange de Souza","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This qualitative and exploratory study aimed to investigate whether contact with media content related to the Paralympic Games (PG) could affect the perception of disability held by children with disabilities (CWD) and their families. The research featured 12 CWD not involved in sports and 13 of their relatives. It consisted of two sessions, one before and another after participants viewed two videos related to the PG that showed athletes and other people with disabilities (PWD) successfully playing sports and/or performing other activities. In both sections, we asked them to write the first five words that came to mind upon hearing the expression PWD. Next, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore their views on disability. We computed the words mentioned in the first dynamic and conducted an inductive reflexive thematic analysis of the interviews. Before the videos were shown, the words written most were “difficulty,” “problem,” and “limitation.” During the interviews, they focused on impairments and difficulties associated with disability. Following the videos, the most predominant written words were “overcoming” and “capacity.” Throughout the interviews, they focused more on the potential and capabilities of PWD. This study suggests that materials such as those that we used can help CWD and their families develop a more positive view of the potential and capabilities of PWD. These materials might also be used in other contexts (e.g., in schools and community education programs), especially in places where it is still rare to see PWD practicing sports and performing other activities such as those shown in the videos.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88190354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Voisin, Nicolas Besombes, Sébastien Laffage-Cosnier
Abstract As esports grow, public authorities have many concerns about the potential negative health effects of this “sedentary” practice. This work proposes a systematic review on the links between esports and physical activity (PA). The research questions guiding this review are as follows: (1) What is the PA level of esports players? (2) Do data exist regarding the influence of participation in esports on players’ PA? (3) Based on these findings, what future research questions should be asked and what studies should be conducted? Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that esports players appeared to be active, exceeding World Health Organization recommendations, in 13 studies and inactive or low-active in four studies. The different populations of players do not appear to have the same degree of PA. High-level, professional, and/or supervised players appear to be more physically active. However, some data are inconsistent, and our review highlights several biases and methodological limitations. Additionally, while we have found no studies providing data on the influence of esports on PA, five studies highlight several factors that could push players to engage in PA. Finally, further research is needed using objective measurement tools and characterizing and accurately distinguishing between players’ levels of expertise and the type of game played. The nature and modalities of the PA also need to be clarified. We encourage supplementing these quantitative data with qualitative data obtained through interviews to provide a description and understanding of the influence of esports on PA engagement, re-engagement, retention, and withdrawal.
{"title":"Are Esports Players Inactive? A Systematic Review","authors":"Nicolas Voisin, Nicolas Besombes, Sébastien Laffage-Cosnier","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As esports grow, public authorities have many concerns about the potential negative health effects of this “sedentary” practice. This work proposes a systematic review on the links between esports and physical activity (PA). The research questions guiding this review are as follows: (1) What is the PA level of esports players? (2) Do data exist regarding the influence of participation in esports on players’ PA? (3) Based on these findings, what future research questions should be asked and what studies should be conducted? Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that esports players appeared to be active, exceeding World Health Organization recommendations, in 13 studies and inactive or low-active in four studies. The different populations of players do not appear to have the same degree of PA. High-level, professional, and/or supervised players appear to be more physically active. However, some data are inconsistent, and our review highlights several biases and methodological limitations. Additionally, while we have found no studies providing data on the influence of esports on PA, five studies highlight several factors that could push players to engage in PA. Finally, further research is needed using objective measurement tools and characterizing and accurately distinguishing between players’ levels of expertise and the type of game played. The nature and modalities of the PA also need to be clarified. We encourage supplementing these quantitative data with qualitative data obtained through interviews to provide a description and understanding of the influence of esports on PA engagement, re-engagement, retention, and withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79757143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The spread of the COVID-19 virus significantly impacted the fitness industry with government restrictions including mandated closures. CrossFit, a major player in the global fitness industry, faced a new industry landscape and significant internal division while coping with the crisis. This study contributes to the literature on CrossFit coaches, who are important cultural figures in fitness services. This study investigated CrossFit coaches’ perceptions of COVID-19 restrictions through semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample in Georgia and Florida, U.S. The coaches displayed CrossFit exceptionalism, believing that fitness facilities should have been treated differently, and CrossFit gyms in particular were distinctive enough to merit special consideration. Some coaches approved of the governmental response, but others disapproved, and many expressed gratitude that they were in states with short restriction periods. Their demonstration of uncertainty, however, somewhat conflicted with their exceptionalism. These perceptions may influence coaches’ behaviors and impact CrossFit participants, which makes the topic worthy of additional study.
{"title":"“We Should Not Have the Same Restrictions as Everybody Else:” Southeastern US CrossFit Coaches’ Perceptions of COVID-19 Restrictions","authors":"Anne L. DeMartini, Jennifer Willett","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The spread of the COVID-19 virus significantly impacted the fitness industry with government restrictions including mandated closures. CrossFit, a major player in the global fitness industry, faced a new industry landscape and significant internal division while coping with the crisis. This study contributes to the literature on CrossFit coaches, who are important cultural figures in fitness services. This study investigated CrossFit coaches’ perceptions of COVID-19 restrictions through semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample in Georgia and Florida, U.S. The coaches displayed CrossFit exceptionalism, believing that fitness facilities should have been treated differently, and CrossFit gyms in particular were distinctive enough to merit special consideration. Some coaches approved of the governmental response, but others disapproved, and many expressed gratitude that they were in states with short restriction periods. Their demonstration of uncertainty, however, somewhat conflicted with their exceptionalism. These perceptions may influence coaches’ behaviors and impact CrossFit participants, which makes the topic worthy of additional study.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78438807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kim, Minsoo Kim, Jinwook Han, Dongkyu Kim, Inyup Lee
Abstract As an emerging field of study, scholars have constantly compared esports and traditional sports to find similarities and differences between the two sports fields. As various studies have called for more studies regarding the fan communities of esports, the present study analyzed the mediating effect of the sense of the esports fan community between team identification and consumer behaviors. This study employed a path analysis technique, utilizing online survey responses from 182 participants who identified as fans of the esports team. The findings revealed that a sense of fan community did not have mediating effects by showing statistically non-significant (in)direct effects on consumer behaviors. In contrast, team identification showed a significant positive effect on the sense of fan community and some consumer behaviors. The implications of the study suggest that esports organizations should focus their marketing strategies on individual fan bases and strive to maintain the competitiveness of their leagues to attract more fans to esports.
{"title":"Does “We” Matter for Esports Fans? Analyzing the Mediating Effects of the Sense of Fan Community on Team Identification and Fandom Behaviors","authors":"K. Kim, Minsoo Kim, Jinwook Han, Dongkyu Kim, Inyup Lee","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As an emerging field of study, scholars have constantly compared esports and traditional sports to find similarities and differences between the two sports fields. As various studies have called for more studies regarding the fan communities of esports, the present study analyzed the mediating effect of the sense of the esports fan community between team identification and consumer behaviors. This study employed a path analysis technique, utilizing online survey responses from 182 participants who identified as fans of the esports team. The findings revealed that a sense of fan community did not have mediating effects by showing statistically non-significant (in)direct effects on consumer behaviors. In contrast, team identification showed a significant positive effect on the sense of fan community and some consumer behaviors. The implications of the study suggest that esports organizations should focus their marketing strategies on individual fan bases and strive to maintain the competitiveness of their leagues to attract more fans to esports.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79098574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Despite the recent increase in attention on studies focusing on different types of assessment of student participation in physical education (PE), there is little research concerning students’ attitudes toward the PE assessment process. This study aimed to investigate students’ attitudes toward assessment procedures in PE by developing and validating a quantitative instrument concerning crucial areas of pedagogy such as curriculum, teachers, grading, and fitness tests. It further investigates important attitude determinants such as grade level and gender differences. The scale was distributed to 1,403 students in the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 10th grades. Principal components analysis showed an eigenvalue factor greater than 1, which accounted for 47% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory indices that confirmed the unidimensional model with high internal consistency (α = .84). A two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the 7th and 10th grades. At the same time, students expressed a high level of positive attitudes toward the different aspects of assessment procedures. The study examined various aspects of students’ attitudes toward assessment and resulted in a reliable, valid, and easy-to-use quantitative instrument that can be used by educators and researchers to assess students’ attitudes toward assessment in PE.
{"title":"Students’ Attitudes Toward Assessment in Physical Education","authors":"E. Evangelou, N. Digelidis, Charalampos Krommidas","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the recent increase in attention on studies focusing on different types of assessment of student participation in physical education (PE), there is little research concerning students’ attitudes toward the PE assessment process. This study aimed to investigate students’ attitudes toward assessment procedures in PE by developing and validating a quantitative instrument concerning crucial areas of pedagogy such as curriculum, teachers, grading, and fitness tests. It further investigates important attitude determinants such as grade level and gender differences. The scale was distributed to 1,403 students in the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 10th grades. Principal components analysis showed an eigenvalue factor greater than 1, which accounted for 47% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory indices that confirmed the unidimensional model with high internal consistency (α = .84). A two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the 7th and 10th grades. At the same time, students expressed a high level of positive attitudes toward the different aspects of assessment procedures. The study examined various aspects of students’ attitudes toward assessment and resulted in a reliable, valid, and easy-to-use quantitative instrument that can be used by educators and researchers to assess students’ attitudes toward assessment in PE.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78592448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Sports spectators are one of the factors that affect home advantage. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created unique conditions under which most of the leagues in the world played matches without crowds for over six months. This situation facilitated an analytical comparison of two different periods: before and during the coronavirus pandemic. The current study sought to examine home advantage in the Israeli sport domain in general, and specifically the impact of the absence of a crowd. The study consisted of 4,030 matches played in Israel’s top football and basketball leagues, of which 3,589 took place with crowds from August 2015 to March 2020, while the others were held without spectators from May 2020 to February 2021. Descriptive and analyses of variance procedures indicated a home advantage independent of crowd size, density, geographic region, league level, and type of sport. However, higher-quality teams demonstrated a higher home advantage ratio for the goals conceded. The findings of the study indicate that in the Israeli context, the crowd plays less of a role in home advantage than other potential factors.
{"title":"Is Home Advantage Diminished When Competing Without Spectators? Evidence From the Israeli Football and Basketball Leagues","authors":"Orr Levental, Tomer Hazut, G. Tenebaum","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sports spectators are one of the factors that affect home advantage. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic created unique conditions under which most of the leagues in the world played matches without crowds for over six months. This situation facilitated an analytical comparison of two different periods: before and during the coronavirus pandemic. The current study sought to examine home advantage in the Israeli sport domain in general, and specifically the impact of the absence of a crowd. The study consisted of 4,030 matches played in Israel’s top football and basketball leagues, of which 3,589 took place with crowds from August 2015 to March 2020, while the others were held without spectators from May 2020 to February 2021. Descriptive and analyses of variance procedures indicated a home advantage independent of crowd size, density, geographic region, league level, and type of sport. However, higher-quality teams demonstrated a higher home advantage ratio for the goals conceded. The findings of the study indicate that in the Israeli context, the crowd plays less of a role in home advantage than other potential factors.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86569016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aims to determine the difference between coronaphobia, anxiety, stress, and mental well-being levels among public institution employees according to their participation in recreational activities during the pandemic and to compare them in terms of variables. The field research method was used in the study, which had 376 (215 males, 161 females) voluntary participants. During the data collection process, a questionnaire was used to determine persistent anxiety, coronavirus-19 phobia, stress, mental well-being levels, and demographic characteristics. The form inquired about age, gender, whether participants attended recreational events during the pandemic, and, if so, what types of activities they participated in. Significant differences were found among the participants’ scores for continuous anxiety, mental well-being, coronavirus-19 phobia, and the psychological, somatic, and social sub-dimensions. It was found that those who participated in recreational activities had higher mental well-being scores and lower anxiety and phobia scores than those who did not. Significant differences were found in some of the scales used according to gender and age variables. Since recreational activities reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, it is recommended that individuals participate in activities that comfort them and make them happy under pandemic conditions.
{"title":"Investigation of Coronaphobia, Anxiety, Stress, and Mental Well-Being Levels According to Employees’ Participation in Recreational Activities During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Meliha Seviç, Z. Başaran","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to determine the difference between coronaphobia, anxiety, stress, and mental well-being levels among public institution employees according to their participation in recreational activities during the pandemic and to compare them in terms of variables. The field research method was used in the study, which had 376 (215 males, 161 females) voluntary participants. During the data collection process, a questionnaire was used to determine persistent anxiety, coronavirus-19 phobia, stress, mental well-being levels, and demographic characteristics. The form inquired about age, gender, whether participants attended recreational events during the pandemic, and, if so, what types of activities they participated in. Significant differences were found among the participants’ scores for continuous anxiety, mental well-being, coronavirus-19 phobia, and the psychological, somatic, and social sub-dimensions. It was found that those who participated in recreational activities had higher mental well-being scores and lower anxiety and phobia scores than those who did not. Significant differences were found in some of the scales used according to gender and age variables. Since recreational activities reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, it is recommended that individuals participate in activities that comfort them and make them happy under pandemic conditions.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73254425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Sevilmiş, İlknur Özdemir, J. García-Fernández, James J. Zhang
Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships among perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention in Turkish fitness centers. The data were collected from 305 fitness customers (149 women and 156 men) using the quantitative method of a questionnaire. The main procedure of this study was to conceptualize fitness clubs’ perceived value as a multidimensional construct of four dimensions. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, a questionnaire was developed to measure perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioural intention, which took into consideration the unique characteristics of Turkish fitness centers. After examining the measurement properties by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis, the results revealed positive relationships among perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention. The findings showed that perceived quality was positively related to social value, functional value, emotional value, and economic value. Likewise, functional value and economic value were positively related to customer satisfaction, and social value and emotional value were not positively related to customer satisfaction. Finally, customer satisfaction was related to behavioral intentions. The implication for management is significant as it shows that quality management is important for the different dimensions of value. Therefore, sports managers must work on quality processes to achieve positive perceived quality and its consequences, such as perceived value or behavioral intentions. This chain of positive perceptions improves consumer loyalty.
{"title":"Examining the Relationships Among Perceived Quality, Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intention in Turkish Fitness Centers","authors":"Ali Sevilmiş, İlknur Özdemir, J. García-Fernández, James J. Zhang","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships among perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention in Turkish fitness centers. The data were collected from 305 fitness customers (149 women and 156 men) using the quantitative method of a questionnaire. The main procedure of this study was to conceptualize fitness clubs’ perceived value as a multidimensional construct of four dimensions. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, a questionnaire was developed to measure perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioural intention, which took into consideration the unique characteristics of Turkish fitness centers. After examining the measurement properties by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis, the results revealed positive relationships among perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention. The findings showed that perceived quality was positively related to social value, functional value, emotional value, and economic value. Likewise, functional value and economic value were positively related to customer satisfaction, and social value and emotional value were not positively related to customer satisfaction. Finally, customer satisfaction was related to behavioral intentions. The implication for management is significant as it shows that quality management is important for the different dimensions of value. Therefore, sports managers must work on quality processes to achieve positive perceived quality and its consequences, such as perceived value or behavioral intentions. This chain of positive perceptions improves consumer loyalty.","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78091235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper analyzes the process of sports gender socialization of boys and adolescents in the case of freestyle wrestling in Makhachkala, the capital of the Russian North Caucasus Republic of Dagestan. The methods and practices of educating future men in the wrestling gym are functionally related to the model of hegemonic masculinity rooted in the local gender and social order, which is under pressure from urbanization and modernization. The wrestling gym insulates students from both the “demoralizing” influence of the home environment and the marginalized scripts of masculinity associated with street life. Through training, boys and adolescents acquire a masculine habitus that can later become the basis for their careers in sports and other spheres of social life, as well as the social capital necessary for successful participation in coalition clinches. They internalize the principle of consistency in gender and age stratification and the lifestyle associated with the ideology of “muscular Islam.”
{"title":"Wrestling Gym in Dagestan as a Space for Masculine Socialization","authors":"Sviatoslav Poliakov","doi":"10.2478/pcssr-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper analyzes the process of sports gender socialization of boys and adolescents in the case of freestyle wrestling in Makhachkala, the capital of the Russian North Caucasus Republic of Dagestan. The methods and practices of educating future men in the wrestling gym are functionally related to the model of hegemonic masculinity rooted in the local gender and social order, which is under pressure from urbanization and modernization. The wrestling gym insulates students from both the “demoralizing” influence of the home environment and the marginalized scripts of masculinity associated with street life. Through training, boys and adolescents acquire a masculine habitus that can later become the basis for their careers in sports and other spheres of social life, as well as the social capital necessary for successful participation in coalition clinches. They internalize the principle of consistency in gender and age stratification and the lifestyle associated with the ideology of “muscular Islam.”","PeriodicalId":43981,"journal":{"name":"Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77058710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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