Pub Date : 2019-05-16DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2019.1609967
W. Ochilo, Holly J. Ruffhead, Abigail Rumsey, Florence Chege, C. Lusweti, M. Oronje, W. Otieno
Abstract Mobile apps are increasingly being used to answer development challenges around the world. The development opportunities that apps offer is wide-reaching but uptake of the technology varies. This article examines the ease of use and factors impacting user acceptance and behavior when interacting with an app for agricultural extension in Kenya. Results show factors including gender and age play a role in the adoption of technology by agricultural extension agents. The findings have useful lessons for apps’ development in the agricultural sector and suggest that including intended users of an app in the design process significantly increases usability.
{"title":"Can You Ensure that ICT for Development Apps Are Downloaded and Used? A Case Study of the Plantwise Data Collection App for Plant Health in Kenya","authors":"W. Ochilo, Holly J. Ruffhead, Abigail Rumsey, Florence Chege, C. Lusweti, M. Oronje, W. Otieno","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2019.1609967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2019.1609967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mobile apps are increasingly being used to answer development challenges around the world. The development opportunities that apps offer is wide-reaching but uptake of the technology varies. This article examines the ease of use and factors impacting user acceptance and behavior when interacting with an app for agricultural extension in Kenya. Results show factors including gender and age play a role in the adoption of technology by agricultural extension agents. The findings have useful lessons for apps’ development in the agricultural sector and suggest that including intended users of an app in the design process significantly increases usability.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"237 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1609967","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43848512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2019.1610659
A. Bamgboje-Ayodele, Leonie Ellis, P. Turner
Abstract This study presents a framework to understand the complex relationships between consumer attributes, information, and their contexts of use, to enhance interventions for behavioral change in safe food management (SFM). Based on 70 selected research papers published between 2004 and 2018, the paper presents a review of relevant literature for enhancing consumer SFM behaviors, a conceptual framework synthesizing the literature, practical considerations for developing food safety information interventions, and knowledge gaps and areas of further investigation.
{"title":"Developing a Framework for Understanding and Enhancing Consumers’ Safe Food Management Behaviors – A Literature Review","authors":"A. Bamgboje-Ayodele, Leonie Ellis, P. Turner","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2019.1610659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2019.1610659","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents a framework to understand the complex relationships between consumer attributes, information, and their contexts of use, to enhance interventions for behavioral change in safe food management (SFM). Based on 70 selected research papers published between 2004 and 2018, the paper presents a review of relevant literature for enhancing consumer SFM behaviors, a conceptual framework synthesizing the literature, practical considerations for developing food safety information interventions, and knowledge gaps and areas of further investigation.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"315 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1610659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2019.1600427
Leslie M. Delserone
Welcome to volume 20(2) of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Information. This issue presents four peer-reviewed studies on a range of interesting topics, which might inspire your own research questions. In their paper, “Bibliometric profile of an agbioscience research enhancement grant program,” Aldridge and Diekmann lead us through an analysis of the 515 journal publications produced over an 18-year period with internal funding from the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Their methodology provides a valuable template for information professionals interested in gaining insights into researchers’ venues for publications and their collaborators, among other topics. “Dissemination, access, preservation: A case study of publications from the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative [OREI]” is an analysis of the 733 publications reported by researchers awarded funds during the first five years of the OREI (fiscal years 2004–2008). Peer-reviewed publications are not the primary dissemination venue for these scientists. Access to and preservation of these outputs generally diminishes over time, particularly for the born-digital gray literature of conference abstracts, posters, presentations, and extension and agricultural experiment station publications. Ganpat et al. discuss, in “Caribbean plant quarantine officers’ self-perceived competencies and training needs for regional food security,” their survey of 108 officers from 23 Caribbean countries. The work of these officers is critical in protecting these nations from exotic plant pests and pathogens. The study provides the results of a needs assessment, and identifies topics for additional, regionally-adapted training. In “Pesticide residue awareness among students and employees in the University of Jordan, Jordan,” Alananbeh and Hayajneh present the results of a university-wide survey. They find that science-literate, 35-year-olds and younger, have the greatest awareness levels, and argue for better extension education efforts about pesticides, their proper application, and concerns about residues for farmers.
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Leslie M. Delserone","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2019.1600427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2019.1600427","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to volume 20(2) of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Information. This issue presents four peer-reviewed studies on a range of interesting topics, which might inspire your own research questions. In their paper, “Bibliometric profile of an agbioscience research enhancement grant program,” Aldridge and Diekmann lead us through an analysis of the 515 journal publications produced over an 18-year period with internal funding from the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Their methodology provides a valuable template for information professionals interested in gaining insights into researchers’ venues for publications and their collaborators, among other topics. “Dissemination, access, preservation: A case study of publications from the Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative [OREI]” is an analysis of the 733 publications reported by researchers awarded funds during the first five years of the OREI (fiscal years 2004–2008). Peer-reviewed publications are not the primary dissemination venue for these scientists. Access to and preservation of these outputs generally diminishes over time, particularly for the born-digital gray literature of conference abstracts, posters, presentations, and extension and agricultural experiment station publications. Ganpat et al. discuss, in “Caribbean plant quarantine officers’ self-perceived competencies and training needs for regional food security,” their survey of 108 officers from 23 Caribbean countries. The work of these officers is critical in protecting these nations from exotic plant pests and pathogens. The study provides the results of a needs assessment, and identifies topics for additional, regionally-adapted training. In “Pesticide residue awareness among students and employees in the University of Jordan, Jordan,” Alananbeh and Hayajneh present the results of a university-wide survey. They find that science-literate, 35-year-olds and younger, have the greatest awareness levels, and argue for better extension education efforts about pesticides, their proper application, and concerns about residues for farmers.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"97 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1600427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2019.1621507
The general content of issue 19(4) of Journal of Agricultural & Food Information contained the following errors: Suzanne Stapleton has served as editor of Society of the Quarter since January 2017. Her name was omitted from the editorial board in issue 19(4) of Journal of Agricultural & Food Information. Taylor & Francis apologizes for this error. The Table of
《农业与食品信息杂志》第19(4)期的一般内容包含以下错误:Suzanne Stapleton自2017年1月起担任Society of The Quarter的编辑。她的名字在第19期(4)的《农业与食品信息杂志》的编委会中被省略了。Taylor & Francis为这个错误道歉。表
{"title":"Correction","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2019.1621507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2019.1621507","url":null,"abstract":"The general content of issue 19(4) of Journal of Agricultural & Food Information contained the following errors: Suzanne Stapleton has served as editor of Society of the Quarter since January 2017. Her name was omitted from the editorial board in issue 19(4) of Journal of Agricultural & Food Information. Taylor & Francis apologizes for this error. The Table of","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"194 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1621507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42372581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2018.1429929
K. Alananbeh, F. Hayajneh
ABSTRACT The objective of the current study was to examine the awareness of employees, students, and community at The University of Jordan about pesticides residue in food and whether they are interested to learn more about it. A questionnaire consisted of 28 questions in three sections was designed and included questions about the demographic characteristics and about the knowledge of the participants about pesticides and their residual limit. Results showed that young respondents with ages between 19–35 years old and with higher educational levels and scientific background were more knowledgeable in many aspects regarding pesticides and their residues, however, this study should be expanded to include higher numbers of respondents, from different universities in Jordan, and among different school backgrounds in order to be able to generalize the results.
{"title":"Pesticide Residue Awareness among Students and Employees in the University of Jordan, Jordan","authors":"K. Alananbeh, F. Hayajneh","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2018.1429929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2018.1429929","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of the current study was to examine the awareness of employees, students, and community at The University of Jordan about pesticides residue in food and whether they are interested to learn more about it. A questionnaire consisted of 28 questions in three sections was designed and included questions about the demographic characteristics and about the knowledge of the participants about pesticides and their residual limit. Results showed that young respondents with ages between 19–35 years old and with higher educational levels and scientific background were more knowledgeable in many aspects regarding pesticides and their residues, however, this study should be expanded to include higher numbers of respondents, from different universities in Jordan, and among different school backgrounds in order to be able to generalize the results.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"159 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2018.1429929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59623447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-05DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2019.1576529
Renae Watson, A. Level, Beth Oehlerts
Abstract Colorado State University Libraries (CSUL) support the preservation of agricultural history, as evidenced by their participation in the Preserving the History of United States Agriculture and Rural Life: State and Local Literature, 1820–1945 project, administered by Cornell University. This article reviews CSUL’s work on this preservation project, including digitization of historical agriculture-related documents. CSUL’s latest effort to keep agricultural literature relevant and accessible includes moving the Colorado Agriculture Bibliography website to Springshare’s LibGuides platform (https://libguides.colostate.edu/agbib). Advantages and challenges of using the LibGuides platform for the promotion and sharing of such collections are discussed.
{"title":"Ten Years and Counting: Preserving and Sharing Colorado’s Agricultural History Online","authors":"Renae Watson, A. Level, Beth Oehlerts","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2019.1576529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2019.1576529","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Colorado State University Libraries (CSUL) support the preservation of agricultural history, as evidenced by their participation in the Preserving the History of United States Agriculture and Rural Life: State and Local Literature, 1820–1945 project, administered by Cornell University. This article reviews CSUL’s work on this preservation project, including digitization of historical agriculture-related documents. CSUL’s latest effort to keep agricultural literature relevant and accessible includes moving the Colorado Agriculture Bibliography website to Springshare’s LibGuides platform (https://libguides.colostate.edu/agbib). Advantages and challenges of using the LibGuides platform for the promotion and sharing of such collections are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"206 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1576529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44576967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-17DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2018.1546184
Julie L. Aldridge, F. Diekmann
Abstract This study is a bibliometric analysis of journal articles generated from an intramural grant program in the agbiosciences. Using citation analysis and bibliometric mapping, the study analyzes 515 journal articles published from 1999 to 2017. Results show the growth of journal article output, identify the major research fields and topics, describe national and international authorial and institutional collaborations, and quantify the performance and impact of the article output. The grant program’s journal article output presents a multi-disciplinary range of scholarly publications that reflect the disciplines of The Ohio State University’s College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, which houses the grant program.
{"title":"Bibliometric Profile of an Agbioscience Research Enhancement Grant Program","authors":"Julie L. Aldridge, F. Diekmann","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2018.1546184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2018.1546184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study is a bibliometric analysis of journal articles generated from an intramural grant program in the agbiosciences. Using citation analysis and bibliometric mapping, the study analyzes 515 journal articles published from 1999 to 2017. Results show the growth of journal article output, identify the major research fields and topics, describe national and international authorial and institutional collaborations, and quantify the performance and impact of the article output. The grant program’s journal article output presents a multi-disciplinary range of scholarly publications that reflect the disciplines of The Ohio State University’s College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, which houses the grant program.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"128 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2018.1546184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45652960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2018.1531008
I. O. Badiru, B. Aluko, A. Adejumo
Abstract This study investigated teachers’ perception of the effect of the new education curriculum on the choice of agriculture as a career among secondary school students in Oyo State. A proportionate sampling method was used to select 102 respondents whose information was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. More of the respondents (55.8%) had an unfavorable perception of the effects of the new curriculum on students’ career choice. Perceptions of agricultural science teachers in rural and urban areas did not differ. There is need for review of the curriculum to inculcate the importance of agriculture in young people.
{"title":"Teachers’ Perception of the Effects of the New Education Curriculum on the Choice of Agriculture as a Career Among Secondary School Students in Oyo State","authors":"I. O. Badiru, B. Aluko, A. Adejumo","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2018.1531008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2018.1531008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated teachers’ perception of the effect of the new education curriculum on the choice of agriculture as a career among secondary school students in Oyo State. A proportionate sampling method was used to select 102 respondents whose information was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. More of the respondents (55.8%) had an unfavorable perception of the effects of the new curriculum on students’ career choice. Perceptions of agricultural science teachers in rural and urban areas did not differ. There is need for review of the curriculum to inculcate the importance of agriculture in young people.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"86 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2018.1531008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47863545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2018.1515632
J. Okello, N. Kwikiriza, P. Muoki, J. Wambaya, S. Heck
Abstract Biofortification of staple crops to combat micronutrient deficiencies is gaining global recognition. Projects promoting biofortified food crops use intensive agriculture-nutrition education and extension activities to increase adoption of such crops. This study examines the effect of such programs on the adoption and diffusion of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP). It finds that intensive agriculture-nutrition education and extension programs adopted by some of the biofortification projects increases the adoption and diffusion of OFSP. Specifically, participation in mother-to-mother nutrition support clubs and nutrition-focused health talks affect its adoption and diffusion, but with varying degrees of importance. The paper discusses the implications of these findings.
{"title":"Effect of Intensive Agriculture-Nutrition Education and Extension Program Adoption and Diffusion of Biofortified Crops","authors":"J. Okello, N. Kwikiriza, P. Muoki, J. Wambaya, S. Heck","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2018.1515632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2018.1515632","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biofortification of staple crops to combat micronutrient deficiencies is gaining global recognition. Projects promoting biofortified food crops use intensive agriculture-nutrition education and extension activities to increase adoption of such crops. This study examines the effect of such programs on the adoption and diffusion of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP). It finds that intensive agriculture-nutrition education and extension programs adopted by some of the biofortification projects increases the adoption and diffusion of OFSP. Specifically, participation in mother-to-mother nutrition support clubs and nutrition-focused health talks affect its adoption and diffusion, but with varying degrees of importance. The paper discusses the implications of these findings.","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"254 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2018.1515632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47383834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10496505.2019.1561143
Jeanne L. Pfander, D. Kruger
Seventy years ago, on the heels of the Great Depression and a second World War, a number of range scientists and concerned citizens came together to form a professional society devoted to conserving and managing rangelands. Such an organization had never existed before, yet the need for it had been amplified through the ecological catastrophe of the Dust Bowl of America and Canada. The founding members hoped this new organization could serve as a platform for science-based learning and collaboration, as well as a means for promoting effective management of rangelands on local and national levels. In January 1948, 192 participants from across the United States officially gathered for that purpose in Salt Lake City, Utah, creating what is known today as the Society for Range Management, SRM (Howery, 2015).
{"title":"Society of the Quarter: The Society for Range Management (http://rangelands.org)","authors":"Jeanne L. Pfander, D. Kruger","doi":"10.1080/10496505.2019.1561143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2019.1561143","url":null,"abstract":"Seventy years ago, on the heels of the Great Depression and a second World War, a number of range scientists and concerned citizens came together to form a professional society devoted to conserving and managing rangelands. Such an organization had never existed before, yet the need for it had been amplified through the ecological catastrophe of the Dust Bowl of America and Canada. The founding members hoped this new organization could serve as a platform for science-based learning and collaboration, as well as a means for promoting effective management of rangelands on local and national levels. In January 1948, 192 participants from across the United States officially gathered for that purpose in Salt Lake City, Utah, creating what is known today as the Society for Range Management, SRM (Howery, 2015).","PeriodicalId":43986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural & Food Information","volume":"20 1","pages":"11 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10496505.2019.1561143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：